缺血性心脏病患者室性期前收缩Lown's分级与QT离散度及心率变异性的关系

目的为探讨缺血性心脏病患者室性期前收缩Lown's分级与QT离散度(QTd)及心率变异性(HRV)的关系。方法132例缺血性心脏病患者,以室性期前收缩Lown's级分组:Ⅰ组:Lown s0级52例;Ⅱ组:Lown s1～3级54例;Ⅲ组:Lown s4～5级26例;检测各组的HRV时域指标和QTd的测定。结果(1)Lown's0级缺血性心脏病患者与Lown s1～3级患者的QTd比较无差异性(P>0.05);而Lown s4～5级患者的QTd显著增加明显大于Lown s0级和Lown s1～3级患者(P<0.001)。(2)与Lown's0级和Lown s1～3级患者比较,Lown s4～5级患者的HRV的各项时域参数指标显著降低(P<0.01)。结论室性期前收缩Lown s4～5级缺血性心脏病患者的QTd明显增大、HRV显著降低;预示其发生恶性室性心律失常的危险性增高。     

雄激素水平与老年慢性心力衰竭患者心功能及心率变异性的相关性

目的通过研究老年男性慢性心力衰竭(CHF)患者雄激素水平与心功能及心率变异性(HRV)的相关性。方法纳入老年男性100例,年龄60~96〔平均(79.16±6.98)〕岁,包括81例CHF患者(其中心功能Ⅰ级组19例,心功能Ⅱ级组23例、心功能Ⅲ级组20例、心功能Ⅳ级组19例)及19例对照者,以上各组均进行睾酮(T)水平测定,同时行心脏超声及24 h动态心电图检查测量左室射血分数(LVEF)及HRV时域指标,观察各组T水平及HRV变化。结果与对照组相比,各CHF组T水平均下降(P0.05);随着心功能恶化,血清T水平依次降低,各组差异显著(P0.05),且各CHF组血清T水平与LVEF显著正相关(r=0.833,P=0.000)。与对照组对比,各CHF组HRV各时域指标水平均下降(P0.05);随着心功能恶化,HRV时域指标越降低(P0.05),且CHF组HRV各时域指标均与其LVEF呈正相关。CHF组T与HRV各时域指标呈正相关(P0.05)。结论随着CHF的加重,T水平、HRV各时域指标均降低,且CHF患者T水平与HRV各时域指标呈正相关,T有可能通过影响HRV从而参与CHF进程。     

扩张型心肌病患者心率减速力的临床研究

目的:研究心率减速力(DC)在扩张型心肌病(DCM)患者中的变化以及与左室射血分数(LVEF)、心率变异性(HRV)之间的关系。方法:32例DCM患者和34例正常人接受24h动态心电图检查和超声心动图检查,计算机分别测定2组患者的DC、LVEF及HRV时域指标(SDNN,RMSSD)与标化的频域指标(LFn、HFn);比较2组患者的DC、LVEF、SDNN,RMSSD、LFn及HFn,并研究DCM患者的DC与LVEF及HRV各指标之间的关系。结果:DCM患者的DC值明显小于正常对照组(3.3±2.3msvs6.9±1.4ms,P<0.01),其异常DC的发生率高达89.7%,明显高于正常对照组(P<0.01);DCM组患者的DC与LVEF、SDNN、RMSSD、LFn及HFn之间呈明显的正相关关系。结论:DCM患者的DC值明显降低,DC是一项可用以定量评估DCM患者自主神经张力并筛选高危患者的新的可靠指标。     

扩张型心肌病患者心率变异性及其相关因素的研究

目的 :借助心率变异性 (HRV)分析的方法了解扩张型心肌病 (DCM )患者自主神经系统受损状况及其相关因素 ,初步探讨DCM患者心血管事件高发的原因。 方法 :DCM患者 2 5例 ,临床评价心功能NYHAⅡ～Ⅳ级 ;Holter监测 2 4h ,2 3:0 0～ 5 :0 0为夜间 ,室性心律失常按Lown法分级 ,并行 2 4h长程及昼夜的HRV频域、时域分析 ;超声心动图测量左房与左室舒张末期直径、射血分数、E/A峰比值等。比较DCM患者HRV指标与国人正常参考值之间的差异 ;比较DCM患者昼夜HRV指标差异 ;计算DCM患者 2 4hHRV指标与临床参数的相关性。结果 :DCM患者的 2 4hHRV指标除低频外 ,其余均显著低于正常参考值 ;DCM患者的昼、夜HRV指标无差异 ;DCM患者的 2 4hHRV指标中仅SDNN与左心房大小存在中度负相关性 (r =- 0 .4 9) ,其余HRV指标与临床参数之间无统计学相关性。结论 :DCM患者在总体心率变异显著降低的基础上 ,以迷走神经张力低下和HRV昼夜节律性丧失为突出表现 ;且HRV的变化与心腔大小、心功能等多项临床参数之间无相关性 ,它们各自均为DCM患者发生心血管事件的独立危险因子。     

不同类型老年心力衰竭患者QRS波时限及心率变异性与心功能相关性

目的 探讨不同类型老年心力衰竭患者QRS波时限及心率变异性(HRV)与心功能相关性。方法 选取老年心力衰竭患者106例，男66例，女40例，根据左心室射血分数(LVEF)分为射血分数降低心力衰竭(HFrEF)组34例、射血分数中间值心力衰竭(HFmrEF)组33例、射血分数保留心力衰竭(HFpEF)组39例；完善脑钠肽(BNP)、心电图、动态心电图等相关检查。结果 HFrEF组QRS波时限长于HFmrEF组和HFpEF组，差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);HFmrEF组和HFpEF组无统计学差异(P>0.05);HFrEF组左室收缩末期内径(LVESD)明显大于HFmrEF组和HFpEF组(P<0.001),HFmrEF组明显大于HFpEF组(P<0.001);HFrEF组左室舒张末期内径(LVEDD)明显大于HFmrEF组和HFpEF组(P<0.001),HFmrEF组明显大于HFpEF组(P<0.001);3组间HRV时域指标无统计学差异(P>0.05)。相关性分析显示，老年心力衰竭患者QRS波时限与LVEF呈显著负相关性(r=-0.432...     

陈旧性心肌梗死室性早搏与QT离散度及心率变异性的关系

目的:探讨陈旧性心肌梗死(OMI)患者室性早搏Lown's分级与QT离散度及心率变异性(HRV)的关系。方法:82例OMI患者,按室性早搏Lown's级别分组:A组:Lown's 1-3级,60例;B组:Lown's 4-5级,22例;检测各组HRV时域指标和QTd,并与正常对照组比较。结果:(1)A组的QTd与正常对照组比较无显著差异(P>0.05);而B组的QTd显著增加,明显大于A组和正常对照组(P<0.01);(2)与正常对照组和A组比较,B组的HRV各项时域参数指标显著降低(P<0.001)。结论:室性早搏Lown's 4-5级OMI患者的QTd明显增大、HRV显著降低;预示其发生恶性室性心律失常的危险性增高。     

儿茶酚胺依赖性多形室速的心率变异性及其β-受体阻滞剂干预后的变化

目的:探讨心率变异在儿茶酚胺依赖性多形室速(catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia,CPVT)危险分层中的应用价值,及其β-受体阻滞剂干预后的变化。方法:根据不同预后对22例(未发猝死组18例,猝死组4例)CPVT患者进行HRV时域指标分析,与正常对照组比较;并比较β-受体阻滞剂干预前、后HRV时域指标的变化。结果:22例CPVT患者HRV各项时域指标均显著低于正常对照组(P<0.001),猝死组显著低于未发猝死组(P<0.001);β-受体阻滞剂可以使其HRV时域指标显著升高(P<0.05)。结论:HRV可以作为CPVT患者发生心脏性猝死的独立预测指标。     

扩张型心肌病病人左室整体纵向应变与心功能及预后的关系

目的:探讨扩张型心肌病(DCM)病人左室整体纵向应变(GLS)与左室射血分数(LVEF)、N末端B型利钠肽前体(NT-proBNP)及预后的关系。方法:选取无锡市第二人民医院2016年11月—2019年10月收治的85例DCM病人作为DCM组,另外选取85名健康体检者作为对照组。使用GE Vivid E95彩色多普勒超声诊断仪及EchoPac软件进行GLS和LVEF检测。实验室检测相关生化指标。比较DCM组与对照组、DCM病人死亡组与生存组GLS的差异,并随访2年观察DCM病人的预后。采用Pearson相关分析法分析GLS与LVEF及NT-proBNP的相关性;采用受试者工作特征曲线(ROC)分析GLS对DCM病人预后的预测价值。结果:DCM组与对照组GLS比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.001);死亡组与生存组GLS比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。GLS与LVEF呈正相关(r=0.745,P<0.001),与NT-proBNP呈负相关(r=-0.784,P<0.001)。GLS对DCM病人预后评估的ROC曲线下面积为0.839,敏感度为70.5%,特异...     

扩张型心肌病患者窦性心率震荡现象

目的研究窦性心率震荡(HRT)在扩张型心肌病(DCM)患者中的变化,以及与心率变异性时阈指标(SDNN)、左室射血分数(LVEF)、左室舒张末期内径(LVEDD)的关系。方法选择DCM患者30例,正常健康对照者20例,根据24 h动态心电图(Holter)记录资料,计算HRT的两个参数震荡初始(TO)和震荡斜率(TS),比较两组之间的差别,并计算TO、TS与SDNN、LVEF、LVEDD之间的相关性。结果DCM组TO值显著高于对照组(3.18%±6.25%vs-6.22%±3.68%,P<0.001);DCM组TS值显著低于对照组(6.06±6.13 ms/RR间期vs 13.08±5.54ms/RR间期,P<0.01)。TO与SDNN、LVEF、LVEDD之间明显相关。结论DCM患者室性早搏后的HRT现象减弱,HRT可能成为评价DCM患者自主神经功能状态的新指标。     

血清和肽素水平与心力衰竭程度及左室重构的相关性分析

目的测定心力衰竭患者血清和肽素水平,探讨其与心力衰竭及心室重构程度的相关性。方法入选60例心力衰竭患者,其中缺血性心肌病(ICM)23例,扩张型心肌病(DCM)18例,高血压性心脏病(HHD)19例。依照NYHA分级分为两组,心功能Ⅲ级、Ⅳ级亚组各30例。另设健康对照组30名。测定所有入选者血清和肽素水平。结果心力衰竭组血清和肽素水平比健康对照组明显升高,且随心力衰竭程度的加重而增加;ICM组和肽素水平高于DCM组(P<0.05);和肽素水平与左室舒张末期内径(LVDd)呈正相关(β=0.372,P<0.001),和肽素水平与左室射血分数(LVEF)呈独立负相关(β=-0.388,P<0.001)。结论和肽素水平作为一个新的心力衰竭标志物,可以评估心力衰竭程度、判断心力衰竭预后,同时和肽素与左心室大小及心室重构相关,干预血管加压素(AVP)系统可能会有助于心力衰竭的治疗。     

Three layer functional model and energy exchange concept of aging process

Relying on a certain degree of abstraction, we can propose that no particular distinction exists between animate or living matter and inanimate matter. While focusing attention on some specifics, the dividing line between the two can be drawn. The most apparent distinction is in the level of structural and functional organization with the dissimilar streams of ‘energy flow’ between the observed entity and the surrounding environment. In essence, living matter is created from inanimate matter which is organized to contain internal intense energy processes and maintain lower intensity energy exchange processes with the environment. Taking internal and external energy processes into account, we contend in this paper that living matter can be referred to as matter of dissipative structure, with this structure assumed to be a common quality of all living creatures and living matter in general. Interruption of internal energy conversion processes and terminating the controlled energy exchange with the environment leads to degeneration of dissipative structure and reduction of the same to inanimate matter, (gas, liquid and/or solid inanimate substances), and ultimately what can be called ‘death.’ This concept of what we call dissipative nature can be extended from living organisms to social groups of animals, to mankind. An analogy based on the organization of matter provides a basis for a functional model of living entities. The models relies on the parallels among the three central structures of any cell (nucleus, cytoplasm and outer membrane) and the human body (central organs, body fluids along with the connective tissues, and external skin integument). This three-part structural organization may be observed almost universally in nature. It can be observed from the atomic structure to the planetary and intergalactic organizations. This similarity is corroborated by the membrane theory applied to living organisms. According to the energy nature of living matter and the proposed functional model, the decreased integrity of a human body's external envelope membrane is a first cause of the structural degradation and aging of the entire organism. The aging process than progresses externally to internally, as in single cell organisms, suggesting that much of the efforts towards the restoration and maintenance of the mechanisms responsible for structural development should be focused accordingly, on the membrane, i.e., the skin. Numerous reports indicate that all parts of the human body, like: bones, blood with blood vessels, muscles, skin, and so on, have some ability for restoration. Therefore, actual revival of not only aging tissue of the human body's membrane, but the entire human body enclosed within, with all internal organs, might be expected. We assess several aging theories within the context of our model and provide suggestions on how to activate the body's own anti-aging mechanisms and increase longevity. This paper presents some analogies and some distinctions that exist between the living dissipative structure matter and inanimate matter, discusses the aging process and proposes certain aging reversal solutions.     

Unusual responses of nocturnal pineal melatonin synthesis and secretion to swimming: Attempts to define mechanisms

Abstract: The effect of swimming at night on rat pineal melatonin synthesis was compared with that of light exposure at night. Rats were forced to swim at 0030 hr (lights out at 2000 hr) and sacrificed by decapitation 15 and 30 min later, immediately after swimming. Other groups of animals were exposed to white light (650μW/cm²) for 15 and 30 min at same time. Swimming caused a rapid and highly significant drop in the melatonin content in the pineal gland; however, the activity of N-acetyltransferase (NAT), the supposed rate limiting enzyme in the melatonin production, was not changed. Despite the drop in pineal melatonin levels, serum concentrations of the indole remained elevated in the rats that swam. In contrast, melatonin levels in the pineal and serum of light exposed rats fell precipitously, accompanied by a significant suppression of NAT activity. Since we anticipated that the strenuous exercise associated with swimming may induce release of artrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) from the heart, which in turn could cause the release of pineal melatonin, in a second study we injected physiological saline intravenously to stretch the cardiac muscle and release ANP. Three milliliters of normal saline was injected during the day into the jugular vein of anesthetized rats that were pretreated with isoproterenol to stimulate pineal melatonin production. Animals were killed 15 min after the saline injection, and pineal NAT activity and pineal melatonin levels were measured. The saline injections caused no alteration in the elevated levels of either NAT or melatonin. These data suggest that the disparity in pineal NAT activity (which was high) and pineal melatonin (which was low), in animals swum at night, may not be caused by ANP which is released during strenuous exercise such as swimming.     

Melatonin and photoperiodic time measurement: Seasonal breeding in the sheep

Abstract: Well-established circadian physiology supports the view that photoperiodic time measurement utilizes the coincidence between the presence of light and a photosensitive phase of a 'biological clock' to alter reproductive status—the so-called external coincidence model of seasonal breeding. In this review, we examine the mechanism whereby photoperiod interacts with presumed suprachiasmatic nuclei activity to allow endogenous melatonin to normally synchronize reproductive activity to the optimal time of year. The Romney Marsh sheep is particularly explored as an experimental model. It is suggested that the on/off activity of seasonal reproduction may be a robust mechanism able to be predictably manipulated by the judicious use of the light/dark cycle and exogenous melatonin, but firmly based on circadian principles.     

The immunoneuroendocrine role of melatonin

Abstract: A tight, physiological link between the pineal gland and the immune system is emerging from a series of experimental studies. This link might reflect the evolutionary connection between self-recognition and reproduction. Pinealectomy or other experimental methods which inhibit melatonin synthesis and secretion induce a state of immunodepression which is counteracted by melatonin. In general, melatonin seems to have an immunoenhancing effect that is particularly apparent in immunodepressive states. The negative effect of acute stress or immunosuppressive pharmacological treatments on various immune parameters are counteracted by melatonin. It seems important to note that one of the main targets of melatonin is the thymus, i.e., the central organ of the immune system. The clinical use of melatonin as an immunotherapeutic agent seems promising in primary and secondary immunodeficiencies as well as in cancer immunotherapy. The immunoenhancing action of melatonin seems to be mediated by T-helper cell-derived opioid peptides as well as by lymphokines and, perhaps, by pituitary hormones. Melatonin-induced-immuno-opioids (MHO) and lymphokines imply the presence of specific binding sites or melatonin receptors on cells of the immune system. On the other hand, lymphokines such as -γ-interferon and interleukin-2 as well as thymic hormones can modulate the synthesis of melatonin in the pineal gland. The pineal gland might thus be viewed as the crux of a sophisticated immunoneuroendocrine network which functions as an unconscious, diffuse sensory organ.     

Response of rat pineal melatonin to calcium, magnesium, and lithium is circadian stage dependent

Abstract: Herein we documented the response of pineal melatonin production to electrolytes known to be effective on pineal function in view of a possible circadian stage dependence. We studied the release of melatonin by perifused rat pineal glands at 2 different circadian stages corresponding to the middle of the light and dark periods, i.e., respectively, 7 and 19 HALO (Hours After Light Onset, L:D = 12:12). The initial efflux rates were, as expected, much higher in the perifusates of glands removed from rats sacrificed during the dark phase than of those removed during the light phase. After 3 hr of perifusion, melatonin release reached similar levels which were found constant up to the 8th hr of perifusion, whatever the circadian stage. Perifusion of the glands with physiological concentrations for the rat of calcium (5.2 mmol/1) and magnesium (1.34 mmol/1) resulted in a stimulatory effect on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed in the middle of the dark period (19 HALO), whereas no effects were observed on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed during the light (7 HALO). Lithium (0.28 and 0.55 mmol/1) was ineffective on melatonin release in pineal glands removed 7 and 19 HALO. Our results show differences in the initial efflux rates of melatonin and in the response of perifused pineal glands to calcium and magnesium according to the circadian stage.     

Serological survey of HIV and syphilis in pregnant women in Madagascar

Objectives Peripartal transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and Treponema pallidum, the causative agent of syphilis, leads to severe consequences for newborns. Preventive measures require awareness of the maternal infection. Although HIV and syphilis testing in Madagascar could be theoretically carried out within the framework of the national pregnancy follow‐up scheme, the required test kits are rarely available at peripheral health centres. In this study, we screened blood samples of pregnant Madagascan women for HIV and syphilis seroprevalence to estimate the demand for systemic screening in pregnancy. Methods Retrospective anonymous serological analysis for HIV and syphilis was performed in plasma samples from 1232 pregnant women that were taken between May and July 2010 in Ambositra, Ifanadiana, Manakara, Mananjary, Moramanga and Tsiroanomandidy (Madagascar) during pregnancy follow‐up. Screening was based on Treponema pallidum haemagglutination tests for syphilis and rapid tests for HIV, with confirmation of positive screening results on line assays. Results Out of 1232 pregnant women, none were seropositive for HIV and 37 (3%) were seropositive for Treponema pallidum. Conclusions Our findings are in line with previous studies that describe considerable syphilis prevalence in the rural Madagascan population. The results suggest a need for screening to prevent peripartal Treponema pallidum transmission, while HIV is still rare. If they are known, Treponema pallidum infections can be easily, safely and inexpensively treated even in pregnancy to reduce the risk of transmission.     

Conservative management of perforated duodenal diverticulum： A case report and review of the literature

Duodenal diverticula are a relatively common condition. They are asymptomatic, unless they become complicated, with perforation being the rarest but most severe complication. Surgical treatment is the most frequently performed approach. We report the case of a patient with a perforated duodenal diverticulum, which was diagnosed early and treated conservatively with antibiotics and percutaneous drainage of secondary retroperitoneal abscesses. We suggest this method could be an acceptable option for the management of similar cases, provided that the patient is in good general condition and without septic signs.