国内外最新热反射标准解读

热反射材料的采用是实现建筑节能的举措之一,国内外编制了多项与之配套的标准、规程规范和技术文件。介绍了国内热反射标准的发展脉络,重点解析了最新的国内外热反射标准的技术要点。     

海灰色热反射氟涂料的制备与性能研究

涂层的热反射性能主要与涂层中的颜填料有关。通过理论分析和试验,分析了在干燥涂层中,反射颜料的性能对涂层热反射能力的影响,研制了一种热反射性能优秀的热反射氟涂料。     

热反射隔热涂料自然暴露后反射性能试验研究

对制备的5种热反射隔热涂料开展了2 a的自然暴露试验。研究分析了5种不同组成体系热反射隔热涂料产品的太阳光反射比、近红外反射比、半球发射率、明度值等性能变化规律。结果表明：自然老化前后的反射性能与基材种类无关;自然老化后,样品半球发射率变化不大,相同热反射隔热涂料样品的半球发射率基本在0.8～0.9之间,5种热反射隔热涂料的太阳光反射比经过24个月的自然暴露后,太阳光反射比的衰减都在30％以上。     

热反射颜料对彩色反射隔热涂料的影响

研究了热反射颜料的光学性能对彩色反射隔热涂料隔热性能的影响。制备了黄色、灰色、棕色3种色系彩色反射隔热涂料,并与同色系普通隔热涂料做了性能对比。测试结果显示:灰色和棕色系深色反射隔热涂料隔热效果提升显著。灰色系热反射隔热涂料比相同颜色普通隔热涂料近红外反射比提高3.23倍。户外曝晒2 h后,红外成像仪监测样板的表面温差可达6~7℃,降温效果显著。     

环保型热反射涂料的发展前景

介绍了硅酮树脂热反射涂料的制备、热反射率与颜填料的折光指数、选择及热反射涂料的发展方向。     

彩色热反射隔热涂料的研制与性能研究

为了获得较高的热反射性能,大多数热反射隔热涂料为白色或浅色。单调的颜色很难满足现代建筑对不同色彩的需求。文章研究了彩色热反射涂料制备过程中原材料对性能的影响。通过测试发现,添加冷颜料的彩色热反射涂料与普通外墙涂料相比,除了具备同样的色彩装饰效果,更重要的是具有优异的热反射性能,能有效节省能源。实验中,普通深灰外墙涂料的太阳光反射比为0.092,而相同颜色的热反射涂料太阳光反射比为0.297,两者1 h、1.5 h隔热温差达到8.5℃和8.7℃。     

沥青路面热反射涂料研究进展

沥青路面热反射涂料具有不改变路面原有结构、仅依靠提高路表反射率降低路面温度的优势,但由于涂层难以适应沥青路面复杂的光、热、荷载等环境,容易出现脱落、降温性能下降等问题,虽然应用研究已开展近20年,依旧没有被大面积使用。简述了沥青路面热反射涂料的作用机理及组成,综述了沥青路面热反射涂料的降温性能、粘接性能及抗滑性能,并提出了热反射涂料在沥青路面应用存在的问题和解决措施。     

热反射型卷材涂料的研制

以红外反射颜料配制了一种高日光反射率色浆,配合成膜树脂、交联剂、填料、助剂等组分,制备出具有优异耐候性、高日光反射率的热反射型卷材涂料。主要研究了树脂体系、红外反射颜料种类、涂料颜基比(P/B)、涂膜厚度及涂膜明度(L)等因素对涂膜总日光反射率(TSR)的影响,并与市场通用卷材聚酯面漆进行了对比。     

彩色热反射涂料的制备与节能评价

目前我国建筑规模呈现着不断扩大的状态,居民对所居住的环境也有了更高的要求,这就导致我国建筑能源消耗增加,同时夏季的制冷能耗占总能耗的三分之一。热反射涂料有较好的反射能力,可以使建筑物的表面温度下降,从而减少热量,达到降低夏季制冷能耗的理想效果。目前国内已开始对彩色红外反射颜料进行研究,但是目前多采用国外的产品,导致成本较高。因此,要开发彩色热反射涂料,对其节能特性进行有效的研究,从而使该产品得到有效的推广。     

热反射屋顶冬季能耗实测研究

为研究热反射屋顶涂料的冬季能耗水平,对建筑屋顶涂覆太阳热反射涂料后的空调用能进行实测。测试选取重庆某办公楼顶层2间办公室,其朝向、建筑外形、围护结构均相同。结果表明:非空调工况下,热反射屋顶室内空气温度较普通屋顶降低约1.2℃;而相同空调工况下,热反射屋顶比普通屋顶房间空调多耗电能0.014 kWh/(d·m2)。     

炼焦煤煤化度表征的研究

对8组挥发分相同或接近的不同矿点炼焦煤进行了实验,分别测定了8组煤的煤岩组分和镜质组平均最大反射率、软化起始温度,通过对比分析可知:具有相同或相近挥发分的煤,由于煤岩组分的差异,镜质组平均最大反射率的差值达到0.03%~0.24%;并不是惰质组含量的差值越大,镜质组平均最大反射率的差值就越大,惰质组含量差值8%~9%的炼焦煤,镜质组平均最大反射率的差值几乎一致。建议炼焦企业尽可能通过镜质组平均最大反射率来认识炼焦煤的煤化程度,从而提高煤质技术理论水平。     

灰色系太阳热反射涂料的制备及表征

运用补色原理制备了灰色太阳热反射涂料.采用国军标测试方法GJB 2502.2和美军标测试方法MIL-E-46096C,比较了以不同方法制备的灰色涂料的太阳热反射性能.结果表明,通过补色调制的灰色系涂料的太阳光反射比和隔热性能明显优于普通碳黑调色制备的灰色涂料.     

Four‐transition 0‐1 functions for reflectance spectra

It is known that a reflectance spectrum for an optimal colour takes on the value 0 or 1 at every wavelength, with at most two transitions between those values. This article shows that any non‐optimal colour can be produced by a reflectance spectrum that takes on the value 0 or 1 at every wavelength, with at most four transitions. While the two‐transition optimal spectrum is unique, the four‐transition non‐optimal spectrum is not unique.     

几种典型舰船涂料太阳反射率测试对比分析

介绍了舰船涂料太阳反射率测试仪器及方法,测试了几种典型舰船涂料的太阳热反射率,并对测试结果进行了对比分析。     

Modeling the appearance of metal‐like packaging printing

A study of the agreement between a visual assessment and the measurement of the reflectivity of printed metallic inks was performed. A psychophysical property for this percept was identified as visual brilliance. The visual judgments of a series of printed panels were compared with measurements from various types of specular reflectance instruments. The results showed that gloss does not linearly follow the appearance of highly reflective specular surfaces. It was observed that the visual assessment of brilliance was highly correlated to the normalized hemispherical diffuse reflectance factor difference. Further, visual brilliance could be mapped to a logarithmic function of the luminous specular reflectance factor and the measurement scale of log(Y) agreed with the scale of hemispherical diffuse reflectance. It was, thus, concluded that either of these measures may be utilized to establish aims and tolerances for production control of the reproduction of foil‐like prints. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 42, 38–49, 2017     

Reconstruction of reflectance spectra using weighted principal component analysis

The weighted principal component analysis technique is employed for reconstruction of reflectance spectra of surface colors from the related tristimulus values. A dynamic eigenvector subspace based on applying certain weights to reflectance data of Munsell color chips has been formed for each particular sample and the color difference value between the target, and Munsell dataset is chosen as a criterion for determination of weighting factors. Implementation of this method enables one to increase the influence of samples which are closer to target on extracted principal eigenvectors and subsequently diminish the effect of those samples which benefit from higher amount of color difference. The performance of the suggested method is evaluated in spectral reflectance reconstruction of three different collections of colored samples by the use of the first three Munsell bases. The resulting spectra show considerable improvements in terms of root mean square error between the actual and reconstructed reflectance curves as well as CIELAB color difference under illuminant A in comparison to those obtained from the standard PCA method. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 33, 360–371, 2008     

Color mixing and color separation of pigments with concentration prediction

In this study, we propose a color mixing and color separation method for opaque surface made of the pigments dispersed in filling materials. The method is based on Kubelka–Munk model. Eleven different pigments with seven different concentrations have been used as training sets. The amount of concentration of each pigment in the mixture is estimated from the training sets by using the least‐square pseudo‐inverse calculation. The result depends on the number and type of pigments selected for calculation. At most we can select all pigments. The combinations resulted with negative concentrations or unusual high concentrations are discarded from the list of candidate combination. The optimal pigment's set and its concentrations are estimated by minimizing the reflectance difference of given reflectance and predicted reflectance. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 33, 461–469, 2008     

Application of the second derivative of the Kubelka–Munk function to the semiquantitative analysis of Roman paintings

In the present survey, we have analyzed Roman paintings in two rooms in a villa at El Ruedo (Almedinilla, Córdoba, Spain). We used different techniques and procedures, such as X‐ray diffraction and diffuse reflectance. We established parameters that define colours in every international system. The diffuse reflectance techniques allowed us to identify the pigments, emphasizing that their mixtures are usually based upon a single chromatic pigment. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 30, 448–456, 2005; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/col.     

Relationship between the maximum and the random reflectance of vitrinite for coal from the Upper Silesian Coal Basin (Poland)

The relationship between the maximum and random reflectance of vitrinite, R_max and R_r, for Upper Silesian coal is represented by the equation: R_max=1.090R_r−0.052. When the random reflectance is higher than 0.90%, the difference between R_max and R_r values becomes significant. R_max is a more precise rank indicator, the standard deviation is much smaller than the standard deviation of the random reflectance value, which is larger due to the optical anisotropy of vitrinite.     

Spectral reflectance reconstruction from RGB images based on weighting smaller color difference group

A method to reconstruct spectral reflectance from RGB images is presented without priori knowledge of camera's spectral responsivity. To obtain the spectral reflectance of a pixel or region in images, this method assumes that reflectance is a weighted average of reflectances of samples in a selected training group, in which all samples have smaller color difference with that pixel or region. Four proposed weighting modes with different selected numbers of training samples were investigated. Among them, the inverse square weighting mode obtains the best performance, and it is not very sensitive to the selected training samples number. Experimental results show that all weighting modes outperform the traditional method in terms of root mean squared error and Goodness‐of‐Fit Coefficient between the actual and the reconstructed reflectances as well as color differences under the other light condition. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 42, 327–332, 2017