城市污水厂污泥的处理处置与综合利用

本文对城市污水处理厂的建设运行,污水得到了处理,而怎样对污泥处理处置提出了解决方案并做了一些分析。首先对城市污水处理厂污泥特性、污泥处理处置原则进行了说明,对污泥处理处置以稳定化、无害化、减量化、资源化为原则对污泥消化、堆肥、干燥、填埋、焚烧等工艺流程、优缺点作了详尽阐述,对污泥的建材利用做了介绍。     

不同硫化体系对载重轮胎胎面胶性能影响的正交试验分析

利用正交试验分析法研究硫黄、促进剂TBBS、氧化锌用量对载重轮胎胎面胶各项性能的影响。结果表明：硫黄用量对300%定伸应力、撕裂强度、老化后耐磨性能影响高度显著,对抗切割性能及老化前耐磨性能影响显著;促进剂TBBS用量对300%定伸应力、门尼焦烧时间（t3）和正硫化时间（t90）、老化后耐磨性能影响高度显著,对老化前撕裂强度和磨耗性能影响显著;氧化锌用量对t3和t90影响显著;促进剂和氧化锌的交互作用对老化后耐磨性能影响显著;硫黄、促进剂TBBS、氧化锌用量对拉伸强度、拉断伸长率、回弹值、老化系数无明显影响。     

烧碱生产系统能效水平对标初探

介绍了河北盛华化工有限公司开展生产系统能效水平对标活动的具体内容。通过现场对标、对标培训、成立对标组织机构、明确对标组织职责、制定对标工作计划、健全能源管理制度、完善计量手段、投入节能技改资金等一系列措施,使烧碱能效对标工作取得了良好的效果,烧碱生产各工序能耗均有不同程度下降,烧碱综合能耗明显降低,达到了对标标杆值。     

离聚体的结构及其影响因素

离聚体中的离子对具有一定的配位结构,由于离子对的聚集作用能形成多重离子对或离子簇结构;离子对含量、离子对的特性、聚合物基质的性质、增塑剂、吸收的水份及热作用等都将影响离聚体的结构.本文对这些内容进行了综述.     

建筑用高炉渣微晶石材的成分、结构和性能研究

对高炉渣微晶石材的组分、性能和微观结构进行研究。采用差热分析、X射线衍射、扫描电镜对材料的热学性能、晶相组成和微观结构进行测试,对成分中的F、S挥发及对析晶的影响进行分析。     

二氧化碳纯度对尿素生产的影响

本文讨论了尿素合成工艺中所用原料二氧化碳纯度对合成转化率、对二氧化碳压缩机、对氨耗、对尾气系统的影响,指出二氧化碳纯度在尿素生产中是关系到提高产量、降低消耗、稳定操作、安全生产的重要工艺指标,不客忽视。     

5种新型杀菌剂对4种鱼的急性毒性及安全性评价

为评价5种新型杀菌剂的环境安全性,采用半静态法测定了其对4种鱼的急性毒性。结果表明,氟醚菌酰胺对斑马鱼、稀有鮈鲫和凤尾鲫的LC_(50)(96 h)均大于100 mg/L,对青鳉的LC_(50)(96 h)为35.25 mg/L,其急性毒性均为低毒;氟吡菌胺对斑马鱼、青鳉、稀有鮈鲫和凤尾鲫的LC_(50)(96 h)分别为1.49、0.56、0.35、1.04 mg/L,其对斑马鱼和凤尾鲫急性毒性为中毒,对青鳉和稀有鮈鲫为高毒;苯噻菌胺对斑马鱼、稀有鮈鲫和凤尾鲫的LC_(50)(96 h)均大于100 mg/L,对青锵的LC_(50)(96 h)为88.23mg/L,其急性毒性均为低毒;嘧菌酯对斑马鱼、青鳉、稀有鮈鲫和凤尾鲫的LC_(50)(96 h)分别为106.80、0.44、85.96、4.61 mg/L,其对斑马鱼和稀有鮈鲫急性毒性为低毒,对青鳉急性毒性为高毒,对凤尾鲫为中毒;醚菌酯对斑马鱼、青鳝、稀有鮈鲫和凤尾鲫的LC_(50)(96 h)分别为0.77、0.66、0.51、0.81 mg/L,其对4种鱼急性毒性均为高毒。明确这些药剂的环境安全性对指导其科学使用,保护环境生物均有较大意义。     

苯并咪唑衍生物的微波合成、表征及其抑菌活性

在微波辐射下分别用对甲氧基苯甲醛、对羟基苯甲醛和邻苯二胺反应直接关环合成了1-(对甲氧基苄基)-2-(对甲氧基苯基)-苯并咪唑、1-(对羟基苄基)-2-(对羟基苯基)-苯并咪唑化合物.通过数字熔点仪、元素分析、红外光谱分析、核磁分析对产品进行了表征,并对这两种苯并咪唑衍生物的抑菌活性进行了研究。     

N-对氯苯甲酰基- N′-芳酰氨基硫脲的合成与杀菌活性

以对氯苯甲酰氯为原料,通过与硫氰酸钾反应生成对氯苯甲酰基异硫氰酸酯,再与芳酰肼进行加成反应,合成了7种对氯苯甲酰基芳酰氨基硫脲:N-对氯苯甲酰基-N'-苯甲酰氨基硫脲(Ⅱ1)、N-对氯苯甲酰基-N'-对羟基苯甲酰氨基硫脲(Ⅱ2)、N-对氯苯甲酰基-N'-对硝基苯甲酰氨基硫脲(Ⅱ3)、N-对氯苯甲酰基-N'-邻甲氧基苯甲酰氨基硫脲(Ⅱ4)、N-对氯苯甲酰基-N'-对氯苯甲酰氨基硫脲(Ⅱ5)、N-对氯苯甲酰基-N'-α-萘乙酰氨基硫脲(Ⅱ6)和N-对氯苯甲酰基-N'-对甲苯甲酰氨基硫脲(Ⅱ7),收率分别为79.8%、84.8%、65.6%、64.6%、88.8%、72.2%和82.6%。产物的结构经元素分析、红外光谱和核磁共振氢谱表征。并对目标化合物进行了杀菌活性测试,初步测试结果表明,该类化合物对枯草杆菌有较强抑制作用,而对大肠杆菌无明显抑制作用。     

阿魏酸环己酯的合成及其抑菌活性研究

以对甲基苯磺酸为催化剂,催化阿魏酸与环己醇反应,直接酯化合成阿魏酸环己酯。采用单因素优选法,对醇酸比、催化剂用量、反应温度、反应时间等因素对产品收率的影响进行了讨论。通过紫外光谱、红外光谱、核磁共振氢谱、质谱及X-单晶衍射等方法对产物进行了表征。并通过微量量热法对阿魏酸环己酯对大肠杆菌的抑菌活性进行了研究。     

SEDIMENTATION OF BINARY MIXTURES OF PARTICLES OF UNEQUAL DENSITIES AND OF DIFFERENT SIZES

A model is developed for the sedimentation from a suspension of two particle species of unequal densities and of different sizes. The composition and the thickness of various layers in the sediments are predicted using graphical and analytical methods. The model predictions were in excellent agreement with experimental results, when the particle size ratio was ≥ 108. When size ratio of the particles was 2.60 and 4.31 the agreement occurred in about 50 percent of the cases.     

COMPARISON OF METHODS OF ANALYSIS OF GYPSUM1

The different analytical methods proposed for the evaluation of gypsum have been subjected to an experimental test. A combination method, consisting of a fusion with KHCO₃ and determination of CaO by KMnO₄ titration, the SO₃ by Andrews method of titration of BaCrO₄ has been found to give very reliable results with the least consumption of time.     

氢气纯度分析方法准确性的探讨

ONACCURACYOFANALYSISOFOFHYDROGEN1前言我公司目前应用的氢气纯度分析方法有两种,一种是爆炸反应法,另一种是焦性没食子酸吸收法。几年来,人们对两种分析方法的准确性曾有过褒贬不一的评论。这里我们也谈谈自己粗浅的观点。2爆炸法测定氢气纯度一定量的氢气样品与适量的空气之均匀混合物因反应后生成液体水而引起气体体积减少,减少的体积等于参加反应气体体积之和。其中l／3为氧气,2／3为氢气。根据氢气取样量和反应前后混气体体积之差,以及氢气在反应中的体积比例关系,可计算出样品的氢气纯度。计算公式式中：A一混…     

骑式摩托车油箱喷涂工艺的改进

面对日益激烈的市场竞争,摩托车油箱外观质量越来越成为影响销售的因素之一。文章介绍了改进工艺后的油箱涂装,该涂装体系提高了油箱外观的丰满度,降低了油箱涂装的生产成本。     

HEASUREHENT OF INSTANTANEOUS RATES OF LOSS OF VOIATILE COMPOUNDS DURING DRYING OF DROPS

A novel technique serves to monitor instantaneous rates of loss of a volatile solute from a suspended drop during drying. A highly sensitive electron capture detector is used to monitor concentrations of SF6 released into a flowing gas stream from a suspended, drying drop. Simultaneously, the appearance and morphological development of the drop are monitored with a video camera. This provides the wherewithal of relating instantaneous rates of loss of the volatile solute to particular events during the development of particle morphology.

Initial experiments have been carried out with drops of aqueous solutions of glucose, sucrose, maltodextrin and coffee extract. The results clearly display the onset of the volatiles-retentive selective diffusion phenomenon. There is also substantial loss of the volatile component later in the drying process, when the drops undergo repeated ex ansion, bursting and cratering due to the formation of internaf bubbles. These experiments appear to be the first quantitative demonstration of major losses accompanying changes in drop morphology.     

用两个形状指数表征粉煤灰颗粒形貌的研究

引用两个形状指数表征颗粒形状的概念,即先将颗粒形状近似为椭圆,再将椭圆图像分离:以圆为基准的颗粒宏观形状指数δ;以光滑椭圆为基准的颗粒轮廓凹凸度,即微观形状指数ζ。分析和发展了近似椭圆模型。并运用图像分析仪对粉煤灰、水泥样品进行实验。结果表明,粉煤灰颗粒的两个形状指数δ和ζ都大于水泥颗粒。证明粉煤灰颗粒的球形度、表面光滑度优于水泥,而且,随着粒径增大,δ和ζ呈下降趋势,表明磨制颗粒越粗。(?)粒形状越不规则。文中还运用近似椭圆模型再现了颗粒的模拟图像。     

典型煤碳燃烧特性研究和数值模拟

本文以三种典型煤的碳燃烧为研究对象，分别采用简单一维沉降燃烧方式和等温加热燃烧方式，实验研究了煤在快速加热条件下，其碳的初期和中，后期燃烧过程。以实验为基础，建立了煤的碳燃烧模型，变工况数值模拟了煤的碳燃烧过程，揭示了煤不同条件下的单颗粒碳燃烧特性。     

茶多酚提取方法进展

本文综述了国内外现有茶多酚提取方法的现状以及近期的研究进展，并对其优缺点进行了评价。这将有助于中低档茶的综合利用和茶多酚的进一步开发应用。     

卫生陶瓷烧成用窑炉发展之我见

归纳了当今卫生陶瓷工业的发展现状和水平 ,对窑炉产业提出了的新要求 ,分析了某一新型窑炉的特点 ,对发展我国陶瓷窑炉产业提出了建议     

ANALYSIS OF RECENT MEASUREMENTS OF THE VISCOSITY OF GLASSES

Viscosity of Simple Soda-Silicate 500° to 1400°C Comparison of the results given by English with those of Washburn, Shelton and Libman, indicates a discrepancy in the absolute values of log₁₀ viscosity amounting to 0.6, those of Washburn et al., being relatively too high. If correction for this is made, the isothermal curves of log₁₀ viscosity as a function of soda content are smooth up to 50% Na₂O, showing no inflection. The observations as a function of temperature T are all represented within accidental error by an equation of the type where all three constants vary regularly with the composition. Change of Viscosity of Glass (6SiO₂, 2Na₂O) due to Molecular Substitution of CaO, MgO and Al₂O₃ for Na₂O The effect is clearly brought out by plotting (from the results of English) the change of log₁₀η due to the substitution as a function of temperature. The curves each show a sharp bend at a temperature between 840° and 1050°C, which is designated the aggregation temperature T_a. If we divide these curves by the corresponding percentage substituted, we get curves for each oxide which are straight and parallel below the aggregation temperatures, the slopes (increase of change of log₁₀η per 100°C) being −0.056 (CaO), −0.055 (MgO), −0.018 (A1₂O₃) per per cent oxide substituted. For substitution of 1/2 molecule the slopes are −0.325 (CaO), −0.23 (MgO) and −0.18 (Al₂O₃) per 100°. At the aggregation temperature the change of log₁₀η per per cent is a minimum, 0.03 to 0.06 for CaO, 0.12 for MgO, 0.07 for Al₂O₃. Evidence of Aggregation in Glasses, from viscosity Measurements The sharp bends in the plots of change of log₁₀η due to substitution of an oxide for Na₂O, suggest the beginning of molecular aggregation at these temperatures. These aggregation temperatures are close to the devitrification temperatures, but the effect on the viscosity curves cannot be due to actual devitrification since it does not change with time. Taking the aggregation temperatures as equal to devitrification temperatures, additional isotherms are roughly sketched into the equilibrium triangle of the system Na₂O-CaO-SiO₂. Change of Viscosity of Glass (4SiO₂, 2Na₂O) due to of Substitution of B₂O₃ for SiO₂ The change of log₁₀η (from the results of English) is plotted as a function of temperature, and also the change of log₁₀η per per cent B₂O₃. The curves are more complex than for the substitution for Na₂O.