铌微合金化抗震钢筋形变奥氏体连续冷却转变

 为了研究铌对高强抗震钢筋生产过程中组织转变的影响,通过热模拟试验对比研究了无铌碳素钢筋及铌微合金化钢筋(铌质量分数为0.03%)形变奥氏体在不同冷却速率下的组织和相变规律,获得动态CCT曲线。研究结果表明,添加0.03%铌使试验钢奥氏体连续冷却转变有明显变化。从连续冷却曲线(CCT)可看出,添加铌后,发生先共析铁素体、珠光体相变的冷却速度范围减小,铁素体、珠光体转变温度降低;贝氏体相变的冷却速度区间整体右移。添加铌能细化组织,各冷却速度下含铌钢的硬度均大于无铌钢。利用TEM对不同冷却速度下含铌钢中析出相进行观察,发现Nb(C,N)弥散分布于钢中,随着冷却速度的增加,析出的Nb(C,N)逐渐减少,析出相尺寸呈先减小后增大的规律,2 ℃/s冷却速度冷却得到的析出相尺寸细小且数量较多。     

终锻温度对Nb-V-Ti复合非调质钢组织及性能的影响

通过金相、扫描、透射电镜研究不同锻造工艺下V-Ti、Nb-V-Ti两种微合金化非调质钢的微观组织结构及力学性能。结果显示:添加Nb能够显著提高非调质钢的奥氏体粗化温度,有效阻止奥氏体晶粒的快速长大,细化非调质钢晶粒,降低珠光体层片间距,使渗碳体呈粒状或球状分布;另外,添加的Nb促进V-Ti非调质钢中细小含铌碳化物的弥散析出,细化基体组织,同时提高非调质钢的强度。因此,Nb-V-Ti复合微合金化非调质钢经过未再结晶区变形后可获得均匀细小的铁素体-珠光体双相组织,且在相对较低的温度进行形变处理能够有效改善Nb-V-Ti微合金非调质钢的强韧性。     

V-N微合金化CSP带钢中的析出物研究

利用Gleeble 1500D热力模拟实验机,在实验室模拟了V-N微合金化CSP钢带的生产过程.实验结果显示,在连铸初期,TiN基本全部从钢中析出,而随着铸坯温度的降低,V开始以TiN为核心或单独形核析出,在铸坯均热后,大部分单独形核的V(C,N)趋于溶解,未溶解的则开始长大,而以TiN为核心的(Ti,V)(C,N)中的V部分溶解于钢中,V在粒子中的含量减少.在CSP连轧中,V(C,N)不断从钢中析出,全部析出物起阻碍奥氏体晶粒长大的作用,而含V颗粒还促进铁素体的形核,提高奥氏体/铁素体相变比率,细化最终的铁素体组织.     

冷却工艺对Ti微合金化高强钢组织和硬度的影响

通过热模拟实验,研究了冷却工艺参数对Ti微合金化高强钢组织和硬度的影响。结果表明:当终冷温度为700℃时,随着冷却速度的增大,铁素体和珠光体组织得到了显著细化,实验钢硬度增加;随着终冷温度的降低,多边形铁素体晶粒尺寸呈减小趋势,铁素体和珠光体含量逐渐降低,珠光体片层间距逐渐减小,贝氏体含量增加,相变强化和细晶强化共同作用使得实验钢的硬度逐渐增加;钢中存在少量粗大的TiN和Ti_4C_2S_2粒子,冷却速度由5℃/s增大到30℃/s, TiC粒子的析出数量明显增加,平均尺寸由8.1 nm减小到6.7 nm;终冷温度由700℃降到600℃,第二相粒子TiC的析出数量逐渐减少,平均析出粒子尺寸由6.7 nm减小到5.9 nm。研究结果为Ti微合金化高强钢控制冷却工艺的制定奠定了理论基础。     

Nb-V-Ti微合金化高强度钢08MnCr连续冷却转变曲线和组织

利用ThermecMaster-Z热模拟实验机测定了一种Nb-V-Ti微合金化高强度钢08MnCr(S2)在910～1 200℃不变形(静态)和变形(动态)奥氏体0.05～30℃/s冷速下连续冷却转变(CCT)曲线,并分析和观察了对应的相变及组织。实验结果表明,提高轧后的冷却速度使Ar₃降低,导致钢的晶粒进一步细化;冷却速度大于10℃/s开始出现贝氏体转变。提高加热温度时相变温度降低,变形奥氏体相变温度较不变形奥氏体相变温度高。冷速较低时,铁素体晶粒呈多边形;冷速高时,铁素体晶粒多呈尖角形。     

中碳微合金化钢高温延塑性的研究

借助Gleeble1500热模拟试验机测试了含Nb和含Nb、Ti两种中碳微合金化钢的高温力学行为,分析了析出物、相变、动态再结晶对微合金化钢高温延塑性的影响。结果表明:试验钢种无第Ⅱ脆性区出现;含Nb钢第Ⅲ脆性区的温度范围为950~700℃,含Nb、Ti钢第Ⅲ脆性区的温度范围为900~725℃;微合金化元素Ti的加入可以细化奥氏体晶粒使含Nb微合金化钢高温塑性槽变窄、变浅;析出物沿晶界多而细小的析出和γ→α相变是第Ⅲ脆性区微合金化钢高温延塑性变差的主要原因。实际生产中通过优化二冷区水量,采用弱冷,可以有效降低微合金化钢表面微裂纹的发生率。     

氮对含铌20MnSi钢组织演变的影响

 研究了不同冷速条件下氮对铌微合金化20MnSi钢组织演变的影响。试验钢经1 200 ℃全固溶处理后快冷至[Ac3,]然后分别以200、100 ℃/h速度冷却至室温。对试样进行了OM、SEM和TEM观察。结果表明：钢中细小Nb(C,N)粒子在原奥氏体晶内高密度位错区的密集析出导致贫碳区的形成,进而激发针状铁素体的形核长大。铌微合金钢增氮后能有效抑制钢中针状铁素体的生成,促进等轴铁素体的生成和珠光体球团的细小均匀化,同时珠光体退化倾向减弱或消失。     

冷却工艺对Ti微合金化高强钢组织和硬度的影响

摘要：通过热模拟实验,研究了冷却工艺参数对Ti微合金化高强钢组织和硬度的影响。结果表明：当终冷温度为700℃时,随着冷却速度的增大,铁素体和珠光体组织得到了显著细化,实验钢硬度增加;随着终冷温度的降低,多边形铁素体晶粒尺寸呈减小趋势,铁素体和珠光体含量逐渐降低,珠光体片层间距逐渐减小,贝氏体含量增加,相变强化和细晶强化共同作用使得实验钢的硬度逐渐增加;钢中存在少量粗大的TiN和Ti4C2S2粒子,冷却速度由5℃/s增大到30℃/s,TiC粒子的析出数量明显增加,平均尺寸由8.1nm减小到6.7nm;终冷温度由700℃降到600℃,第二相粒子TiC的析出数量逐渐减少,平均析出粒子尺寸由6.7nm减小到5.9nm。研究结果为Ti微合金化高强钢控制冷却工艺的制定奠定了理论基础。     

铌的析出行为对形变诱导相变的影响

在Gleeble热模拟试验机上,研究含铌微合金钢中铌的析出物在形变诱导相变过程中的作用机理,结果表明:当加热温度为1000℃时,部分铌的碳化物未溶解于奥氏体中,而加热温度为1100℃时,铌的碳化物能够全部溶解到奥氏体中,含铌微合金钢加热温度范围约在1000～1100℃之间。铌的未溶解碳化物和在冷却过程中析出的碳化物都能作为铁素体形核位置,从而促进γ→α相变的发生。     

微合金化控轧控冷钢筋纵向金相组织研究

 对微合金化控轧控冷钢筋的纵向金相组织进行了研究,并分析了不同成分试验钢纵向“条带”组织的差异及形成原因。研究结果表明：偏析元素（P、Si、Mn等）在轧制过程中沿轧制方向呈条状分布,是20MnSi、20MnSiV钢产生带状组织的原因。铌及其碳氮化物的溶质拖曳和“钉扎”作用,使20MnSiNb钢的奥氏体未再结晶轧制温度提高到1050℃,在冷却过程中,先共析铁素体在形变奥氏体晶界和内部变形带均匀析出,随后沿形变奥氏体晶界（在先共析铁素体与奥氏体的界面上）生成珠光体带,最后在形变奥氏体晶粒内部形成贝氏体条。研究条件下优势形核点的排序为：形变奥氏体晶界和形变奥氏体晶内变形带、偏析元素和夹杂、再结晶奥氏体晶界。     

共析钢中铌对珠光体相变行为的影响

 通过金相、扫描电镜,相变临界点和过冷奥氏体等温转变的分析,研究了Nb对共析钢（质量分数：C 075%,C 0.78%）珠光体相变微观组织和等温转变动力学的影响。结果表明：微量Nb（质量分数为0.04%、0064%）的加入使钢中先共析铁素体的量较未含铌钢有所增加,这很可能是Nb的加入使得共析碳含量明显升高的结果,同时使珠光体相变产物的形貌发生明显变化,珠光体中渗碳体的展弦比显著降低。此外Nb提高了先共析铁素体和珠光体的开始转变温度,即Nb的加入在一定程度上降低了过冷奥氏体的热力学稳定性;相变动力学表明加入Nb 0.04%可使珠光体相变的鼻子点温度升高约50℃,且最快开始相变时间比不含铌钢推迟一个数量级以上,即Nb的加入推迟了鼻子点和较低温度下的珠光体相变,提高了钢的淬透性。     

原位观察铌对高碳钢珠光体相变的影响

 为了研究微合金元素铌(Nb)对高碳钢中珠光体相变的影响,在高温激光共聚焦显微镜下原位观察了不含铌和含铌高碳钢连续冷却过程中珠光体动态形核和长大行为。结果表明,在高碳钢中添加铌增加了珠光体形核点的数量,这是因为铌提高珠光体单位面积形核数量。同时,铌元素减慢珠光体长大速率是由于铌显著阻碍珠光体长大,但当铌质量分数超过0.014%后,阻碍珠光体长大速率的效果不再进一步增加。从以上结果可知,在高碳钢中添加铌促进珠光体形核,但是减慢珠光体长大速率。所以,为了更加准确地研究铌元素对珠光体相变的影响,选用不含铌及铌质量分数为0.027%的两种高碳钢,在Gleeble-3500热模拟试验机上进行与高温原位观察试验相同试验工艺的热膨胀试验。通过热膨胀试验发现,铌的添加增大过冷度,导致降低了珠光体相变温度区间,但是铌显著阻碍碳在奥氏体中的扩散系数,所以铌减慢珠光体长大速率。另外,铌减慢连续冷却条件下的珠光体相变动力学,推迟珠光体相变,从而降低珠光体相变速率,表明铌对珠光体长大的阻碍作用强于其对珠光体形核的促进作用。因此,在高碳钢中,铌元素的添加推迟珠光体相变。此外,铌的添加增大过冷度,使含铌高碳钢的珠光体片层细化,提高了含铌高碳钢的硬度,但在铌质量分数超过0.014%后,细化效果不再进一步增强。     

The isothermal decomposition of austenite in hot-rolled microalloyed steels

The isothermal decomposition of austenite has been examined in a set of 0.1 C, 1.4 Mn steels containing small amounts of Ti, V, or Nb. The volume fraction of ferrite was measured as a function of transformation temperature and holding time, after hot rolling. Precipitation of carbonitrides, in both the austenite and the ferrite, was examined by electron microscopy of extraction replicas. The decomposition is slowest in the Nb-alloyed steel, in which the start of transformation is delayed and ferrite growth rates are much lower than in the other steels. In the V-alloyed steels, ferrite growth rates are lower than in the plain carbon or Ti alloyed steels. These results are discussed in terms of the effects of carbonitride precipitation in the austenite during high temperature deformation and in the ferrite during transformation. The roles of V and Nb in solution are also considered.     

Nb对2000 MPa桥索钢再加热过程中组织变化的影响

针对不同Nb含量的2种桥索钢,采用热膨胀仪、光学显微镜、扫描电子显微镜和硬度测试仪对其在箱式电阻炉连续加热过程中的组织演变和水冷淬火后的硬度进行了对比分析。结果表明:Nb元素可以细化桥索钢的原始组织,使其存在大量的铁素体和渗碳体的晶界,在连续加热过程中的开始阶段提供更多的奥氏体形核位置,使得奥氏体逆共析转变的起始温度降低,而终了温度升高,逆共析转变区域增大。同时,Nb元素形成的碳化物在加热阶段对奥氏体晶粒的长大具有拖拽作用,降低桥索钢在奥氏体形核后的长大速度,使得淬火后得到马氏体的硬度值降低,因此需要较高的温度来溶解合金碳化物使桥索钢充分奥氏体化。     

High temperature plastic-flow behavior of mixtures of austenite,cementite, ferrite,and pearlite in plain-carbon steels

The plastic-flow behavior of ferrite + pearlite, pearlite + cementite, and austenite + cementite mixtures in plain carbon steels has been examined over the temperature range 500 to 1050 °C, strain-rate range 6 x l0⁻⁶ to 2 x l0⁻² s⁻¹, and carbon range 0.005C to 1.89C. Up to the eutectoid temperature the strength of the ferrite + pearlite mixture more than doubles as the carbon content increases from 0.005C to 0.7C, so that whereas in low-carbon steels the ferrite is weaker than the higher temperature austenite phase, in eutectoid steels the fully pearlitic structure is stronger than the fully austenitic structure. Manganese and silicon strengthen ferrite more effectively than they do austenite. A 0.17 pct phosphorus addition strengthens the ferrite + pearlite mixture across the range of microstructures from fully ferritic to fully pearlitic. Beyond the eutectoid composition, the amount of proeutectoid cementite does not significantly affect the strength of the pearlite, but above the eutectoid temperature it appreciably strengthens the austenite and cementite mixture at the strain rate of 2 X 10^-2 s^-1.     

Effects of Initial Structure and Reversion Temperature on Austenite Nucleation Site in Pearlite and Ferrite–Pearlite

Austenite nucleation sites were investigated in near-eutectoid 0.8 mass pct C steel and hypoeutectoid 0.4 mass pct C steel samples with full pearlite and ferrite–pearlite initial structures, respectively. In particular, the prior austenite grain size had been coarsened to compare grain boundaries in the hierarchical pearlite structure, i.e., the low-angle pearlite colony and high-angle block boundaries with ferrite/pearlite interfaces in the austenite nucleation ability. When the full pearlite in 0.8 mass pct C steel underwent reversion at a relatively low temperature, austenite grains preferentially formed at pearlite block boundaries. Consequently, when the full pearlite with the coarse block structure underwent reversion just above the eutectoid temperature, the reversion took a long time due to the low nucleation density. However, austenite grains densely formed at the pearlite colony boundaries as well, as the reversion temperature became sufficiently high. On the other hand, when ferrite–pearlite in the 0.4 mass pct C steel underwent reversion to austenite, the ferrite/pearlite interface acted as a more preferential austenite nucleation site than the pearlite block boundary even in the case of low-temperature reversion. From these results, it can be concluded that the preferential austenite nucleation site in carbon steels is in the following order: ferrite/pearlite interface?>?pearlite block?>?colony boundaries. In addition, orientation analysis results revealed that ferrite restricts the austenite nucleation more strongly than pearlitic ferrite does, which contributes to the preferential nucleation at ferrite/pearlite interfaces. This suggests that austenite grains formed at a ferrite/pearlite interface tend to have an identical orientation even under high-temperature reversion. Therefore, it is thought that the activation of austenite nucleation within pearlite by increasing the reversion temperature may be effective for rapid austenitization and the grain refinement of austenite structure after the completion of reversion in carbon steels.     

中碳钢相变行为对高温力学特性影响的研究

 采用DT1000热膨胀仪和Gleeble1500热模拟试验机,对含钒和不含钒的两种中碳钢的相变行为以及在相变过程中屈服强度和弹性模量的变化规律进行了研究。结果表明：随温度降低及奥氏体向低温相转变百分数的增加,钢的屈服应力急剧提高。含钒钢因相变开始温度低,其屈服应力快速增加的温度较低。弹性模量在相变时产生剧烈变化,并在铁素体＋珠光体转变过程中出现波峰和波谷。     

含有上贝氏体的ER8车轮钢的裂纹扩展行为

研究不同含量的上贝氏体对ER8车轮钢裂纹扩展行为的影响。利用激光共聚焦显微镜（LSCM）和扫描电镜（SEM）对ER8车轮钢的显微组织和裂纹扩展路径进行了研究。实验结果表明:ER8车轮钢中的组织除了有铁素体和珠光体,还存在上贝氏体;裂纹穿过上贝氏体和珠光体扩展,最终停止在珠光体区域;与珠光体组织相比,裂纹在上贝氏体中的扩展路径更曲折。利用扫描电镜（SEM）对ER8车轮钢的裂纹扩展变形进行原位观察。实验结果表明:含有80%上贝氏体的ER8车轮钢拉伸时,组织变形过程主要以铁素体和上贝氏体为主,裂纹在上贝氏体和珠光体中连续扩展,伴随着珠光体的变形;而含有50%上贝氏体的ER8车轮钢拉伸时,组织变形过程主要以铁素体和珠光体为主,并且上贝氏体对铁素体和珠光体的变形起到阻碍作用。上贝氏体能够有效地阻止裂纹扩展,在偏转裂纹路径和延缓裂纹扩展方面起着重要作用;并且对铁素体和珠光体的变形起到阻碍作用。      

含铌抗大变形管线钢奥氏体的连续冷却转变

The CCT behaviors of two bearing Nb polygonal ferrite-bainite high strength and high-deformability pipeline steels were studied in undeformed condition, The static CCT curves were constructed. The static CCT curves, microstructures and microhardness of two experimental steels were compared. It was found that microstructures of these steels contain polygonal ferrite, pearlite, bainite as cooling rate from 0.0278 to 42.5�桤s-1; Addition of Nb in the steel retards polygonal ferrite and granular bainite transformation, suppresses ferrite growth and refine ferrite grain, makes transformation line of bainite right shift, narrows the range of cooling rate of ferrite transformation, raises start temperature of ferrite and banite transformation; ferrite transformation zone is narrowed and the bainite transformation zone is expanded with increasing of Nb.