Photosynthetic Bioelectronic Sensors for Touch Perception,UV‐Detection,and Nanopower Generation: Toward Self‐Powered E‐Skins

Energy self‐sufficiency is an inspirational design feature of biological systems that fulfills sensory functions. Plants such as the “touch‐me‐not” and “Venus flytrap” not only sustain life by photosynthesis, but also execute specialized sensory responses to touch. Photosynthesis enables these organisms to sustainably harvest and expend energy, powering their sensory abilities. Photosynthesis therefore provides a promising model for self‐powered sensory devices like electronic skins (e‐skins). While the natural sensory abilities of human skin have been emulated in man‐made materials for advanced prosthetics and soft‐robotics, no previous e‐skin has incorporated phototransduction and photosensory functions that could extend the sensory abilities of human skin. A proof‐of‐concept bioelectronic device integrated with natural photosynthetic pigment‐proteins is presented that shows the ability to sense not only touch stimuli (down to 3000 Pa), but also low‐intensity ultraviolet radiation (down to 0.01 mW cm^‐2) and generate an electrical power of ≈260 nW cm^‐2. The scalability of this device is demonstrated through the fabrication of flexible, multipixel, bioelectronic sensors capable of touch registration and tracking. The polysensory abilities, energy self‐sufficiency, and additional nanopower generation exhibited by this bioelectronic system make it particularly promising for applications like smart e‐skins and wearable sensors, where the photogenerated power can enable remote data transmission.     

考虑刚体转动的钢悬链线立管出平面运动分析

随着油气资源勘探和开发活动不断向深海发展, 钢悬链线立管(SCRs)成为深海浮式生产系统油气输送的首选立管。该文在钢悬链线立管动力学模型研究中提出一种新模型:SCR刚体转动模型, 该模型基于SCR悬垂段大曲率的考虑, 假定立管为绕悬挂点与触地点连线形成的转动轴的刚体转动系统, 并将该转动效应以惯性力和水动力阻尼的形式与立管弯曲振动耦合, 进行立管的出平面运动分析。数值模拟算例表明, 刚体转动效应对钢悬链线立管的动力响应具有较大影响, 为立管动力分析中不可忽略的运动分量。     

基于异步条件下的笔+触控双手交互点击任务人类工效学模型的建立与研究

目的建立与研究基于异步条件下的笔+触控双手交互点击任务人类工效学模型。方法通过18名实验者对于10种不同任务复杂度下的一维异步笔+触控双手点击任务所花费的任务时间进行单因素方差分析以及线性分析,证明该模型的有效性和适用性。结果通过实验我们发现该模型所计算出的任务复杂度对任务时间具有显著影响(F_(9,170)=6.276,P=1.202×10~(-7)),并且该模型调整后的拟合度R~2达到了0.973。结论该模型对于异步条件下的笔+触控双手点击任务具有很强的有效性和适用性。     

钢悬链式立管涡激振动流固耦合非线性分析方法研究

随着油气资源勘探和开发活动不断向深海发展,钢悬链式立管(SCRs)成为深海浮式生产系统油气输送的首选立管,涡激振动是钢悬链式立管设计的核心问题。本文运用柔性索理论,采用具有弯曲刚度的大挠度细长梁模型模拟SCR,并根据本文提出的钢悬链式立管非锁定区考虑流固耦合的两向涡激振动模型,研究立管尤其是触地点处的涡激振动特性,算例表明,考虑流固耦合的两向涡激振动模型能够较好的模拟钢悬链式立管的涡激振动,可进行均匀流场中涡激振动的研究分析;钢悬链式立管触地点处的涡激振动响应较大且复杂,应作为SCR涡激振动研究的关键点。     

A stochastic lot-sizing model with multi-supplier and quantity discounts

This research considers a stochastic lot-sizing problem with multi-supplier and quantity discounts. The objectives are to minimise total costs, where the costs include ordering cost, holding cost, purchase cost and shortage cost, and to maximise service level of the system. In this paper, we first formulate the stochastic lot-sizing problem as a multi-objective programming (MOP) model. We then transform the model into a mixed integer programming (MIP) model. Finally, an efficient heuristic dynamic programming (HDP) model is constructed for solving large-scale stochastic lot-sizing problems. An illustrative example with two cases for a touch panel manufacturer is used to illustrate the practicality of these models, and a sensitivity analysis is applied to understand the impact of the changes in parameters to the outcomes. The results demonstrate that the proposed two models are effective and accurate tools for determining the replenishment of touch panels from multiple suppliers for multi-periods.     

Percolation, Fractal Behavior, and High-T c Superconductivity

Hole suppliers like Sr in doped La₂CuO₄ are mainly randomly distributed. Assuming that the holes are dislocated over a few lattice constants away from the Sr atom, the conducting areas form randomly distributed circles in the CuO₂ layer planes. Conductivity and also superconductivity can occur only when these circles touch each other and form percolation clusters. Mobile holes are accompanied by diffusing d-electrons. Their spin direction is no longer localized on distinct places, and antiferromagnetism breaks down. The phase diagram of high-T _c superconductors is discussed on the basis of a modified continuum percolation model for which the centers of each circle are located on lattice points. The inhomogeneities due to the random hole distributions lead to broad peaks instead of sharp singularities in the static and dynamic response functions.     

Percolation, Fractal Behavior, and High-Tc Superconductivity

Hole suppliers like Sr in doped La₂CuO₄ are mainly randomly distributed. Assuming that the holes are dislocated over a few lattice constants away from the Sr atom, the conducting areas form randomly distributed circles in the CuO₂ layer planes. Conductivity and also superconductivity can occur only when these circles touch each other and form percolation clusters. Mobile holes are accompanied by diffusing d-electrons. Their spin direction is no longer localized on distinct places, and antiferromagnetism breaks down. The phase diagram of high-T _c superconductors is discussed on the basis of a modified continuum percolation model for which the centers of each circle are located on lattice points. The inhomogeneities due to the random hole distributions lead to broad peaks instead of sharp singularities in the static and dynamic response functions.     

Simulation Analysis and Experiment Study of Nanocutting with AFM Probe on the Surface of Sapphire Substrate by Using Three Dimensional Quasi-steady Molecular Statics Nanocutting Model

The three-dimensional quasi-steady molecular statics nanocutting model is used by this paper to carry out simulation analysis of nanocutting of sapphire in order to explore the effects of conical tools with different tip radii of probe and straight-line cutting at different cutting depths, on cutting force. Meanwhile, this paper uses a cutting tool of atomic force microscopy (AFM) with a probe tip similar to a semisphere to conduct nanocutting experiment of sapphire substrate. Furthermore, from the experimental results of nanocutting sapphire substrate, this paper innovatively proposes the theoretical model and equation that the specific down force energy (SDFE) during nanocutting by using AFM probe as the nanocutting tool, is approximately a constant value. This paper uses three-dimensional quasi-steady molecular statics nanocutting model to simulate calculation and obtain nanocutting down force. It is compared with the down force calculated by SDFE theoretical equation proposed for verification. As a result, the down force obtained by the paper's simulation is very close to the down force calculated by SDFE theory. Therefore, it can be verify that the three-dimensional quasi-steady molecular statics nanocutting theoretical model used by this paper is feasible. The SDFE proposed by this paper is defined as equating to down force energy dividing the removed volume of down press of the workpiece by the AFM probe. From the experimental data and the calculation results, it is found that the values of SDFE under different down force actions are almost close to a constant value. The three-dimensional quasi-steady molecular statics nanocutting sapphire workpiece model is to find the trajectory of each atom of the sapphire workpiecs being cut whenever the diamond cutter goes forward one step. It uses the optimization search method to solve the force equilibrium equation of the Morse force in the X, Y and Z directions when each atom moves a small distance, so as to find the new movement position of each atom, and step by step calculates the behavior during cutting.     

唐代女性服饰开放性风格对现代服饰设计的启示

唐代经济、政治和文化的高度繁荣,造就了大唐王朝女性服饰的开放性风格,具体表现在服装款式上"衣带渐宽",面料色彩上华丽多彩,着装习惯上"女着男装".唐代女性服饰风格的这种开放性特征,以设计元素上的兼容并蓄、设计手法上的推陈出新以及设计思想上的多元融合,为现代服饰设计提供了借鉴.     

面向康养旅游的北戴河智慧骑行服务策略研究

目的 探索以康养旅游为目的的北戴河智慧骑行旅游服务模式及服务策略.方法 从服务设计的视角出发,分析北戴河康养骑行优势,通过用户调研、描述用户共享骑行服务体验地图,层级性分析,挖掘北戴河新型骑行服务模式下的可行性接触点.结果 将可行性接触点与用户需求相关联,以服务供需图明确设计机会点,对北戴河共享骑行服务进行系统整合性设计,创建了面向康养旅游的北戴河智慧骑行服务新模式.结论 依据北戴河康养之城的区域性特征,基于服务设计中用户旅程分析、服务系统图、服务蓝图等研究工具,结合线上以及线下优势和互补共创双赢的智慧服务理念,构建凸显了具有智慧骑行特色的康养旅游服务新模式,并形成了突出地域特点的可行性服务策略研究.     

Surface plasmon resonance-based highly sensitive optical touch sensor with a hybrid noise rejection scheme

A surface plasmon resonance (SPR)-based optical touch sensor structure is proposed that provides high switch sensitivity and requires a weak activating force. Our proposed SPR-based optical touch sensor is arranged in a compact Kretschmann-Raether configuration in which the prism acting as our sensor head is coated with a metal nanofilm. Our optical-based noise rejection scheme relies on wavelength filtering, spatial filtering, and high reflectivity of the metal nanofilm, whereas our electrical-based noise reduction is obtained by means of an electrical signal filtering process. In our experimental proof of concept, a visible laser diode at a 655 nm centered wavelength and a prism made from BK7 with a 50 nm thick gold layer on the touching surface are used, showing a 7.85 dB optical contrast ratio for the first touch. An estimated weak mechanical force of <0.1 N is also observed that sufficiently activates the desired electrical load. It is tested for 51 operations without sensor malfunction under typical and very high illumination of 342 and 3000 lx, respectively. In this case, a measured average optical contrast of 0.80 dB is obtained with a +/-0.47 dB fluctuation, implying that the refractive index change in a small 3.2% of the overall active area is enough for our SPR-based optical touch sensor to function properly. Increasing optical contrast in our SPR-based optical touch sensor can be accomplished by using a higher polarization-extinction ratio and a narrower-bandwidth optical beam. A controlled environment and gold-coated surface using the thin-film sputtering technique can help improve the reliability and the durability of our SPR-based optical touch sensor. Other key features include ease of implementation, prevention of a light beam becoming incident on the user, and the ability to accept both strong and weak activating forces.     

非遗文化服务设计中的接触点优化方法研究

目的 为提升用户服务体验,探索服务设计接触点的优化方法,扩展服务设计理论。方法 首先,以服务流程分析为基础,识别非遗文化服务过程的接触点,由用户对服务接触点满意度评价计算引申重要性后,分析并确定关键服务接触点;其次,进行关键服务接触点失效分析,嵌入用户感知评价作为三种风险因素权重计算关键服务接触点风险值,输出改进优先级排序矩阵;最后,依据分析结果对非遗文化服务设计方案进行制定与验证评价。结论 搭建服务接触点优化设计方法,通过福州漆艺文化服务设计为例验证表明,该方法可以有效评估关键接触点,全面分析关键服务接触点的失效性,提供服务接触点优化设计方向,进而改善用户体验流畅感,提高服务品质,藉此为非遗文化服务设计提供方法借鉴。     

Accessibility analysis for automatic inspection in CMMs by using bounding volume hierarchies

Accessibility analysis represents one of the most critical tasks in inspection planning. This analysis determines those probe orientations that can touch an inspection point without collision. This paper presents a methodology based on part discretization and the application of space partitioning techniques (kd-tree) in order to reduce the number of intersection tests between probe and part. A STL model has been used for discretizing the inspection part in a set of triangles, which permits the application of the developed system to any type of part, regardless of its shape and its complexity. Likewise, a recursive ray traversal algorithm has been used in order to speed up the traversal of the kd-tree hierarchical structure and to calculate exclusively the intersection of each probe orientation with those part triangles that can potentially interfere with it. In a further step of the analysis, the real geometry of the probe has been considered. Hence, a simplified model has been developed for each probe component (column, head, touch probe, stylus and tip) using different basic geometrical shapes. Finally, collision-free probe orientations are clustered for minimizing the orientation changes during the inspection process. Furthermore, the applied algorithm allows for determining different valid combinations of clusters. The developed system was applied to two example parts in order to prove that this methodology is adequate for the solution of real cases.     

基于洗衣机操控区域交互模式的可用性评价研究

目的 随着洗衣机产品人机交互界面信息数量在有限区域内的不断增加,构建基于不同交互模式的洗衣机产品可用性评价指标体系,有助于在产品研发的早、中期阶段进行改进,并发现现有产品或原型的可用性问题。方法 采用文献调查法以及用户调研法,完成洗衣机产品的可用性评估模型的构建,通过情景模拟实验法,对按键、按键加旋钮、触屏三种交互模式下洗衣机产品的可用性进行评估与分析。结果 随着洗衣机界面有限操控区域内信息数量的增多,三种交互模式对用户体验质量的影响,得出了可用性评价等级。结论 在有限的操作区域内,当信息数量低于十四时,三种交互模式的用户体验基本相似,随着信息数量的增加,按键加旋钮的交互模式的任务成功率优于按键和触屏,而触屏的交互模式在效率、有用性和满意度方面,均优于按键和按键加旋钮。     

基于用户感知的秦文化旅游纪念品设计研究

目的 通过对用户感知进行分析,将文创产品用户感知分为普遍和感性两个模式,探索秦文化旅游纪念品的用户感知的获取方式,以及构建与用户文化触点相契合的用户感知创新流程模式,并结合一款秦编钟蓝牙音响设计,实现秦文化的传播和产品设计运用,满足用户对秦文化的需求和加深旅客对地方旅游文化的感性印象。方法 通过用户感知分析,准确获取用户的文化触点,激发用户对秦文化旅游纪念品的感观刺激,促使用户对新形式产品的认同。运用用户观察法、语义差异法获取用户感知信息,运用层次分析法进行文化触点信息的关联性分析,强调秦文化元素和内涵的感性运用,实现以用户认知偏好为中心的设计思想。结论 结合秦编钟蓝牙音响设计流程模式,为秦文化旅游纪念品的设计提供思路,为秦文化的宣扬和传承注入新活力。     

Integrating grey sequencing with the genetic algorithm–immune algorithm to optimise touch panel cover glass polishing process parameter design

The touch panel cover glass is one of the important parts and components that determine touch panel quality. The quality requirement of touch panel cover glass emphasises the stability of glass thickness. As this factor directly influences the induction effect and touch of the touch panel, the parameter conditions for the cover glass polishing process have significant impact. This study integrated grey sequencing with the Genetic algorithm–Immune algorithm to optimise the parameter design for the touch panel cover glass polishing process. The experimental measurement value was the thickness value of the processed glass, and the uniformity of glass thickness after processing was discussed. The optimum processing combination influencing the process conditions is as follows: the ambient temperature is 22 (°C), the processing pressure is 0.04 (Mpa), the processing time is 30 (min), the machine speed is 70 (rpm), the polishing solution concentration is 1.4 (g/cm³), the central particle size of polishing powder is 1.4 (um) and the process capability C_pk is 1.75, which is better than the process capability of C_pk 1.41 of the response surface methodology and the process capability of C_pk 1.37 of the Taguchi experimental design.     

Bioinspired Self-Healing Human–Machine Interactive Touch Pad with Pressure-Sensitive Adhesiveness on Targeted Substrates

There is an increasing interest to develop a next generation of touch pads that require stretchability and biocompatibility to allow their integration with a human body, and even to mimic the self-healing behavior with fast functionality recovery upon damage. However, most touch pads are developed based on stiff and brittle electrodes with the lack of the important nature of self-healing. Polyzwitterion–clay nanocomposite hydrogels as a soft, stretchable, and transparent ionic conductor with transmittance of 98.8% and fracture strain beyond 1500% are developed, which can be used as a self-healing human–machine interactive touch pad with pressure-sensitive adhesiveness on target substrates. A surface-capacitive touch system is adopted to sense a touched position. Finger positions are perceived during both point-by-point touch and continuous moving. Hydrogel touch pads are adhered to curved or flat insulators, with the high-resolution and self-healable input functions demonstrated by drawing, writing, and playing electronic games.     

未来触屏手机交互设计中的视觉元素研究

以视觉元素在交互体验过程中对用户所产生的影响为启示,分析了视觉元素的基本构成和触屏手机使用中的视觉特点,论述了视觉元素在触屏手机交互设计中的重要地位,在此基础上,提出了将视觉元素应用于触屏手机交互设计中的主要方法,并对其未来发展作出展望。     

磁流变液可控刚度柔顺表面的研究

机器人手爪等各种特殊夹具在适应特殊夹持需求时需要用到刚度可控的柔顺表面.本文用智能材料磁流变液,利用连通器的原理,设计了以活塞为基本构成单元的具有可控刚度的柔顺表面.以该柔顺表面为主制成的夹具能有效地增大接触面积,降低接触应力,增加摩擦力,从而可以防止夹伤或夹坏被夹持物,并且提高夹持的稳固度.