Pt/WO3-TiO2/ZrO2-Al2O3甘油加氢体系中Al2O3的双功能催化作用研究

考察了WO3-TiO2/ZrO2-Al2O3四元氧化物中ZrO2:Al2O3质量比对Pt-WO3体系对质量分数30%甘油水溶液氢解制备1,3-丙二醇催化性能的影响，揭示了Al2O3组分在四元氧化物体系中的双功能作用。N2物理吸附脱附(BET)、X射线衍射(XRD)、傅里叶变换CO吸附及吡啶吸附红外光谱(FT-IR)、透射电镜(TEM)、程序升温还原(H2-TPR)等表征结果表明，氧化铝的掺入量直接影响到制备过程中WOx、ZrO2、TiO2等氧化物的晶相结构，进而影响到负载Pt纳米与载体的相互作用。在固定床反应器中，Pt-WO3-TiO2/ZrO2-Al2O3催化剂(Pt质量分数2%)上甘油转化率随着Al2O3质量比的升高逐渐降低，当ZrO2/Al2O3质量比为9:1时，催化活性最高，甘油转化率为38%，1,3-PDO选择性为49%，催化剂可稳定运行不低于100小时。     

纳米CuO/SiO2催化甘油氢解制备1,2-丙二醇反应研究

采用共沉淀法制备了纳米CuO/SiO2催化剂,在固定床反应器上考察了纳米催化剂对甘油催化加氢制1,2-丙二醇(1,2-PDO)的催化活性。结果表明,在反应温度200℃,反应压力1.0 MPa,n(H2)∶n(甘油)=30∶1,液空速0.30 h-1的条件下,甘油转化率100%,1,2-PDO选择性98.71%。     

纳米CuO/SiO_2催化甘油氢解制备1,2-丙二醇反应研究

采用共沉淀法制备了纳米CuO/SiO2催化剂,在固定床反应器上考察了纳米催化剂对甘油催化加氢制1,2-丙二醇（1,2-PDO）的催化活性。结果表明,在反应温度200℃,反应压力1.0 MPa,n（H2）∶n（甘油）=30∶1,液空速0.30 h-1的条件下,甘油转化率100%,1,2-PDO选择性98.71%。     

酸碱改性对Cu/MgO催化甘油氢解制1,2-丙二醇反应性能的影响

生物质甘油催化氢解制备1,2-丙二醇(1,2-PDO)是环境友好的工艺方法。首先,考察了不同载体负载Cu基催化剂对甘油氢解制备1,2-PDO反应的催化性能,得出Cu/MgO的催化性能最好。然后,分别采用两性氧化物、酸性和碱性组分对Cu/MgO催化剂进行改性,研究改性对其催化性能的影响。结果表明,适当提高酸量可提高1,2-PDO的选择性,而提高酸强度,对甘油转化率和1,2-PDO收率有利;较强的碱性可促进甘油的转化和1,2-PDO的生成,活性组分在载体表面的高分散性以及与载体间的相互作用可有效提高催化性能。     

常压、无氢气添加条件下催化甘油转化制1,2-丙二醇

在常压、无氢气添加的固定床反应器上考察了Na2CO3负载型催化剂对甘油歧化制1,2-丙二醇的催化性能,并研究了负载量、反应温度和流速等对甘油水溶液歧化制1,2-丙二醇反应性能的影响。结果表明,5.0%Na2CO3/AC催化剂具有较高的活性,在反应温度300℃,甘油水溶液流速为2 mL/h的反应条件下,得到甘油的转化率为94.4%,1,2-丙二醇的产率为21.4%。用表面测试仪和傅里叶红外光谱对催化剂进行了表征。     

3-羟基丙酸甲酯加氢制1,3-丙二醇的纳米铜基催化剂研究

用共沉淀法制备了纳米Cu-M-O/SiO2催化剂,用X射线衍射(XRD)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对催化剂的结构及形貌进行了表征,在固定床反应器上考察了纳米催化剂用于3-羟基丙酸甲酯(MHP)催化加氢制1,3-丙二醇(1,3-PDO)的催化效果。结果表明:制备出的具有纳米结构的催化剂表现出了很高的催化活性,并有效抑制了脱水副反应的发生;在反应温度为160℃、反应压力为6.8 MPa、氢气流量为95 mL/min和V(MHP)∶V(MeOH)=1∶7条件下,MHP转化率达98%,1,3-PDO选择性达80%。     

介孔铌钨氧化物担载Pt催化甘油氢解制备正丙醇

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备一系列不同摩尔含量比的介孔铌钨氧化物(Nb_xW_(10-x))作为载体,利用等体积浸渍法负载Pt的质量分数为2%,氯铂酸为前驱体溶液,制得催化剂Pt/Nb_xW_(10-x)。通过N_2物理吸附(BET),X-射线粉末衍射(XRD),氨气程序升温脱附(NH_3-TPD)、H_2脉冲吸附等方法表征催化剂的物理化学性质。用间歇式反应器考察催化剂对甘油氢解制备正丙醇反应的催化性能。结果表明,钨的引入可以显著提高甘油的转化率以及目标产物的选择性。当Nb/W为3:7时在反应温度220℃,氢气压力5.5 MPa,反应时间12h,甘油4g,水16g,催化剂1g时,用催化活性较好的2%Pt/Nb_3W_7作为催化剂催化甘油氢解,甘油的转化率为90.9%,正丙醇的选择性可达60.6%。     

磷酸根表面修饰对钨锆复合氧化物载铂催化剂的影响

用浸渍法制备了磷酸根表面修饰的钨锆复合氧化物载铂催化剂(Pt/PO43--WO3-ZrO_2)。用NH3-程序升温脱附(NH3-TPD)、红外光谱(FT-IR)、X-射线衍射(XRD)、N2物理吸附-脱附(BET)、H2-程序升温还原(H2-TPR)、H2-脉冲吸附和X射线光电子能谱(XPS)分析等技术对催化剂进行表征。用水热釜考察了钨锆复合氧化物的水热稳定性,固定床反应器考察了催化剂催化甘油氢解制1,3-丙二醇的反应性能。结果表明:引入适量磷酸根可抑制水热处理过程中钨锆复合氧化物单斜相ZrO_2向四方相转变,0.72 PO43--WO3-ZrO_2样品水热处理前比表面积83 m2×g-1,水热处理后比表面积86 m2×g-1,比表面积基本不变,提高了钨锆复合氧化物的水热稳定性。增强了催化剂金属还原性,提高了催化剂H2吸附量,Pt/PO43--WO3-ZrO_2催化甘油氢解稳定性较Pt/WO3-ZrO_2催化剂显著提高。     

甘油催化氢解制1,3-丙二醇的纳米铜基催化剂

采用共沉淀法制备用于甘油催化氢解制1,3-丙二醇的纳米CuO-TiO₂/SiO₂催化剂,用X射线粉末衍射及扫描电子显微镜对催化剂的结构及形貌进行表征。在微型固定床反应器上考察了纳米催化剂对甘油氢解制备1,3-丙二醇的催化性能,结果表明,在反应温度190 ℃、H₂压力4.5 MPa、n(H₂)∶n(甘油)=50∶1和液空速0.30 h^-1的较佳条件下,甘油转化率为35.66%,1,3-丙二醇选择性达78.18%。     

PtAu/ZrO_2催化甘油选择性制备乳酸

采用溶胶-沉积法制备了Pt Au/ZrO_2系列催化剂,在惰性气体气氛下用于催化甘油选择性制备乳酸。研究不同反应温度下,不同单金属负载和不同比例Pt Au双金属负载催化剂的催化活性以及不同气氛下催化剂重复使用性能,对催化剂进行BET、AAS和TEM等表征。结果表明,在浓度1.1 mol·L-1甘油水溶液10 m L、(1∶1)Pt Au/ZrO_2催化剂用量0.132 g、反应温度160℃、氮气压力1.4 MPa和反应时间6 h条件下,甘油转化率90%,乳酸选择性93.7%。催化剂重复使用性能实验验证了氧气气氛下催化剂活性保持良好。     

ZrO2/SiO2- and La2O3/Al2O3-supported platinum catalysts for CH4/CO2 reforming

Surface-phase ZrO₂ on SiO₂ (SZrOs) and surface-phase La₂O₃ on Al₂O₃ (SLaOs) were prepared with various loadings of ZrO₂ and La₂O₃, characterized and used as supports for preparing Pt/SZrOs and Pt/SLaOs catalysts. CH₄/CO₂ reforming over the Pt/SZrOs and Pt/SLaOs catalysts was examined and compared with Pt/Al₂O₃ and Pt/SiO₂ catalysts. CO₂ or CH₄ pulse reaction/adsorption analysis was employed to elucidate the effects of these surface-phase oxides.

The zirconia can be homogeneously dispersed on SiO₂ to form a stable surface-phase oxide. The lanthana cannot be spread well on Al₂O₃, but it forms a stable amorphous oxide with Al₂O₃. The Pt/SZrOs and Pt/SLaOs catalysts showed higher steady activity than did Pt/SiO₂ and Pt/Al₂O₃ by a factor of three to four. The Pt/SZrOs and Pt/SLaOs catalysts were also much more stable than the Pt/SiO₂ and Pt/Al₂O₃ catalysts for long stream time and for reforming temperatures above 700 °C. These findings were attributed to the activation of CO₂ adsorbed on the basic sites of SZrOs and SLaOs.     

Support effects in Pt/TiO2–ZrO2 catalysts for NO reduction with CH4

ZrO₂–TiO₂ mixed oxides, prepared using the sol–gel method, were used as supports for platinum catalysts. The effects of catalyst pre-reduction and surface acidity on the performance of Pt/ZT catalysts for the reduction of NO with CH₄ were studied. The diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transformed (DRIFT) spectra of CO adsorbed on the Pt/ZT catalysts, and also on the Pt/T and Pt/Z references, pre-reduced at 773 K in hydrogen, revealed that an SMSI state is developed in the Ti-rich oxide-supported platinum catalysts. However, no shift in the binding energy of Pt 4f_7/2 level for Pt/T and Pt deposited on Ti-rich support counterparts pre-reduced at 773 K was found by photoelectron spectroscopy. The DRIFT spectra of the catalysts under the NO+O₂ co-adsorption revealed the appearance of nitrite/nitrate species on the surface of the Zr-containing catalysts, which displayed acidic properties, but were almost absent in the Pt/T catalyst. The intensity of these bands reached a maximum for the Pt/ZT(1:1) catalyst, which in turn exhibited a larger specific area. In the absence of oxygen in the feed stream, the NO+CH₄ reaction showed DRIFT spectra assigned to surface isocyano species. Since the intensity of this band is higher for the Pt/ZT (9:1) catalyst, it seems that such species are developed at the Pt–support interface.     

Preparation and characterization of Pt/silicalite catalysts with high Pt loadings

Methods for preparing Pt/silicalite catalysts are described. Equilibration of silicalite, a pentasil zeolite, in aqueous solutions of Pt(NH₃), Cl₂ containing excess ammonia resulted in Pt/silicalite catalysts with Pt loadings of ≥7 wt%. The Pt/silicalite catalysts were characterized by hydrogen chemisorption, X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy. The characterization studies showed that the majority of the Pt in the heavily loaded catalysts was located in the silicalite pores, and the Pt dispersions in these catalysts exceeded 0.8.     

碳载体预处理对纳米Pt/C电催化性能影响

利用NaBH₄还原机制,采用经不同方法预处理的碳载体成功制备出Pt/C-HNO₃、Pt/C-H₂O₂和Pt/C 3种碳载铂纳米催化剂.通过扫描电镜(SEM)、透射电镜(HR-TEM)、循环伏安(CV)和CO_ad溶出技术进行表征.结果表明,所制备的催化剂大小分布较为均一,平均粒径约为4 nm;HR-TEM观察发现,Pt/C-HNO₃中铂纳米粒子的表面具有较高的台阶原子密度;在CO_ad溶出实验中Pt/C-HNO_3­表现出较强的抗一氧化碳毒化能力;所制备的3种催化剂及商业催化剂Pt/C JM对乙醇氧化的电催化活性顺序为:Pt/C-HNO₃ > Pt/C-H₂O₂ > Pt/C > Pt/C JM,其中Pt/C-HNO₃的电催化活性和稳定性分别为Pt/C JM的1.5倍和1.9倍.     

Pd–Pt/Al2O3 bimetallic catalysts for the advanced oxidation of reactive dye solutions

The Pd–Pt/Al₂O₃ bimetallic catalysts showed high activities toward the wet oxidation of the reactive dyes in the presence of 1% H₂ together with excess oxygen. Palladium was believed to act as a co-catalyst to spillover the adsorbed H₂ onto the surface of the oxidized Pt surface, and thereby the reducibility of the Pt increased greatly. The organic dye molecule adsorbed on the reduced Pt surface more easily than the oxidized Pt surface under the competition with excess oxygen, which is an essential step for the catalytic wet oxidation (CWO). The Pd–Pt/Al₂O₃ catalysts also produced H₂O₂ from H₂/O₂ mixture, and the hydroxyl radical was formed through the subsequent decomposition of H₂O₂. Additional oxidation of the reactive dyes was obtained with hydroxyl radical. The high activities of the Pd–Pt/Al₂O₃ catalysts were believed to be due to the combined effects of the faster redox cycle resulting from the increased reducibility of Pt surface and the additional oxidation of the reactive dyes with hydroxyl radical.     

Effect of the addition of transition metals to Pt/Ba/Al2O3 catalyst on the NOx storage-reduction catalysis under oxidizing conditions in the presence of SO2

The NO_x storage-reduction catalysis under oxidizing conditions in the presence of SO₂ has been investigated on Pt/Ba/Fe/Al₂O₃, Pt/Ba/Co/Al₂O₃, Pt/Ba/Ni/Al₂O₃, and Pt/Ba/Cu/Al₂O₃ catalysts compared with Pt/Ba/Al₂O₃, Pt/Fe/Al₂O₃, Pt/Co/Al₂O₃, Pt/Ni/Al₂O₃, Pt/Cu/Al₂O₃ and Pt/Al₂O₃ catalysts. The NO_x purification activity of Pt/Ba/Fe/Al₂O₃ catalyst was the highest of all the catalysts investigated in this paper after an aging treatment. That of the aged Pt/Ba/Co/Al₂O₃ and Pt/Ba/Ni/Al₂O₃ catalysts was essentially the same as that of the aged Pt/Ba/Al₂O₃ catalyst, while that of the aged Pt/Ba/Cu/Al₂O₃ and Pt/Cu/Al₂O₃ catalysts was substantially lower than the others.

The Fe-compound on the aged Pt/Ba/Fe/Al₂O₃ catalyst has played a role in decreasing the sulfur content on the catalyst after exposure to simulated reducing gas compared with the Pt/Ba/Al₂O₃ catalyst without the Fe-compound. XRD and EDX show that the Fe-compound inhibits the growth in the size of BaSO₄ particles formed on the Pt/Ba/Fe/Al₂O₃ catalyst under oxidizing conditions in the presence of SO₂ and promotes the decomposition of BaSO₄ and desorption of the sulfur compound under reducing conditions.     

Pt/CrCeAlO催化剂对二氯甲烷的催化氧化性能

催化氧化是消除挥发性有机废气的有效手段,而二氯甲烷是含氯有机废气的代表性化合物。采用沉淀法制备了不同CrO_x含量的CrCeAlO催化剂,并用浸渍法制备了Pt/CrCeAlO催化剂,将其用于二氯甲烷催化氧化。结果表明,催化剂均表现出较好的活性,Cr_0.03Ce_0.05Al_0.95O₂催化剂在390 ℃时即可完全氧化二氯甲烷。而负载Pt后的催化剂活性明显提高,2.0Pt/Cr_0.03Ce_0.05Al₀.₉₅O₂催化剂表现出最好的活性,在340 ℃条件下,转化率即达100%。采用XRD、SEM、TEM、H₂-TPR和NH3-TPD对催化剂进行表征,表明催化剂的活性主要受其表面酸性和氧化还原性的影响,表面酸性位提供二氯甲烷化学吸附位,而催化剂表面氧化还原性则有利于反应中氧物种的活化。催化剂中添加Pt后,由于Pt、CeO₂ 和 CrO_x物种间的相互作用而增强了催化剂的氧化还原性,从而进一步促进了反应活性的提高。     

Synergistic catalysis of carbon black oxidation by Pt with MoO3 or V2O5

A series of SiO₂-supported MoO₃, V₂O₅, and Pt catalysts were prepared for the study of model soot oxidation with simulated diesel exhaust gas. Composite samples of Pt with the metal oxides demonstrated higher oxidation activities than the single-component SiO₂-supported MoO₃, V₂O₅ or Pt catalysts in the absence of SO₂ in the reactant gas. Based on the effects of NO₂ on carbon oxidation, a synergistic reaction mechanism was suggested to explain the effects of combining Pt with the oxides: Pt catalyzes the oxidation of NO with gas phase O₂ to NO₂, while MoO₃ and V₂O₅ catalyze the oxidation of carbon with NO₂. Finally, the effects of SO₂ on the carbon oxidation reaction were examined and discussed.     

Transient studies of carbon dioxide reforming of methane over Pt/ZrO2 and Pt/Al2O3

The mechanism of the CO₂ reforming of methane reaction over the Pt/ZrO₂ catalyst was investigated using a temporal analysis of products (TAP) reactor system. For comparative purposes, the reaction pathway using a Pt/Al₂O₃ catalyst was also examined. A reaction sequence is suggested for both catalysts. Over both catalysts, methane decomposition takes place over platinum. The main difference between the two catalysts concerns the carbon dioxide dissociation. Over Pt/Al₂O₃ this step is assisted by hydrogen. Over Pt/ZrO₂ this step takes place over the zirconia support and involves surface vacancies. Moreover, large pools of formate and carbonate species are present on the zirconia. Transient studies conducted to determine the origin of carbon species accumulated during CO₂ reforming revealed that more than 99% of the carbon was derived from the methane molecule over both catalysts. Over the Pt/ZrO₂ catalyst, only a single very reactive carbon species was detected, while over the Pt/Al₂O₃ a second less active species was also formed.     

Pt/USY催化剂上FCC柴油加氢改质反应性能

制备了加氢改质催化剂Pt/USY、Pt/1.0K-USY和Pt/2.0K-USY,并借助XRD、N₂等温吸附-脱附、NH₃-TPD和Py-FT-IR表征了这3种催化剂的结构和酸性,同时以预精制FCC柴油为原料,采用固定床反应器研究了上述催化剂的加氢改质反应性能.结果表明,在金属Pt负载量相同和催化剂孔道结构相似的情况下,催化剂的反应活性和选择性主要取决于催化剂的酸量和酸强度以及酸分布,相对而言,具有适宜酸性的Pt/1.0K-USY催化剂更有利于芳烃饱和与选择性开环反应,其加氢改质柴油满足国V标准要求.