基于最大伪似然准则估计的故障链路诊断*

识别网络内部的故障链路对提升网络性能具有重要参考价值。研究了树型拓扑下基于端到端测量的故障链路诊断问题,提出一种最大伪似然估计方法估计链路先验故障概率,把树型拓扑划分为一系列具有两个叶节点的子树,并使用期望最大化(EM)算法最大化每个子树的似然函数,求出链路先验概率。仿真实验表明,该方法与现有的联立方程组求解方法估计精度相当,但是大大降低了算法时间复杂度,证明了该方法的有效性。     

基于高斯混合模型的遥感影像连续型朴素贝叶斯网络分类器

提出了一种新的嵌入高斯混合模型(GMM,Gaussian Mixture Model)遥感影像朴素贝叶斯网络模型GMM-NBC(GMMbased Na ve Bayesian Classifier)。针对连续型朴素贝叶斯网络分类器中假设地物服从单一高斯分布的缺点,该方法将地物在特征空间的分布用高斯混合模型来模拟,用改进EM算法自动获取高斯混合模型的参数;高斯混合模型整体作为一个子节点嵌入朴素贝叶斯网络中,将其输出作为节点(特征)的中间类后验概率,在朴素贝叶斯网络的框架下进行融合获得最终的类后验概率。对多光谱和高光谱数据的分类实验结果表明,该方法较传统贝叶斯分类器分类效果要好,且有较强的鲁棒性。     

扩展的树增强朴素贝叶斯分类器

树增强朴素贝叶斯分类器继承了朴素贝叶斯分类器计算简单和鲁棒性的特点,同时分类性能常常优于朴素贝叶斯分类器,然而在有连续变量的情况下要求必须进行预离散化.为了更好地表达数据的分布,减少信息损失,有必要考虑混合数据的情况.本文推导混合数据的极大似然函数,提出扩展的树增强朴素贝叶斯分类器,突破必须对连续变量进行预离散化的限制,能够在树增强朴素贝叶斯分类器的框架内处理混合变量的情况.实验测试证明其具有良好的分类精度.     

一种基于Bernoulli混合模型的不完整数据文本分类方法

在Bernoulli混合模型和期望最大化(EM)算法的基础上给出了一种基于不完整数据的改进方法。首先在已标记数据的基础上通过Bernoulli混合模型和朴素贝叶斯算法得到似然函数参数估计初始值， 然后利用含有权值的EM算法对分类器的先验概率模型进行参数估计，得到最终的分类器。实验结果表明，该方法在准确率和查全率方面要优于朴素贝叶斯文本分类。     

小数据集贝叶斯网络多父节点参数的修复

具有已知结构的小数据集贝叶斯网络多父节点参数学习是一个重要而困难的研究课题,由于信息不充分,使得无法直接对多父节点参数进行有效的估计,如何修复这些参数便是问题的核心.针对问题提出了一种有效的小数据集多父节点参数修复方法,该方法首先使用Bootstrap抽样扩展小数据集,然后分别将Gibbs抽样与最大似然树和贝叶斯网络相结合,通过依次对扩展数据按一定比例的迭代修正来实现对多父节点参数的修复.实验结果表明,这种方法能够有效地使大部分多父节点参数得到修复.     

基于TAN贝叶斯网络分类器的测井岩性预测

贝叶斯网络是一种建立在概率和统计理论基础上的数据分析和辅助决策工具,利用其构造出的树扩展朴素贝叶斯网络分类器是目前最优秀的分类器之一。针对石油勘探中测井数据的特殊性,利用贝叶斯网络预测出其对应的岩性,并介绍了使用此方法进行岩性预测的算法过程。通过BNT软件包用Matlab语言构建了分类器,并由实验结果的分析说明了此分类器的优点。     

基于RSSI差分似然估计的WSN节点定位算法

为了克服接收信号强度测量误差对无线传感嚣网络(WSN)节点自身定位精度的影响.在对极大似然估计定位算法和接收信号强度指示(RSSI)模型分析的基础上,定义了个体差异差分系数、距离差分系数和距离差分定位方程,把离目标节点最近的信标节点作为参考节点对基于RSSI的测距进行差分修正,并将测距差分修正和极大似然估计相结合提出了一种测距差分修正极大似然估计定位算法.算法通过RSSI进行测距,无需增加额外硬件开销,容易实现.定位精度可达2.5 m以下,适合于处理能力和能量有限的WSN节点定位.     

基于高斯核函数的朴素贝叶斯分类器依赖扩展

朴素贝叶斯分类器不能有效地利用属性之间的依赖信息, 而目前所进行的依赖扩展更强调效率, 使扩展后分类器的分类准确性还有待提高. 针对以上问题, 在使用具有平滑参数的高斯核函数估计属性密度的基础上, 结合分类器的分类准确性标准和属性父结点的贪婪选择, 进行朴素贝叶斯分类器的网络依赖扩展. 使用UCI 中的连续属性分类数据进行实验, 结果显示网络依赖扩展后的分类器具有良好的分类准确性.

     

基于隐藏贝叶斯网络的入侵检测研究

不同的入侵检测系统,使用不同的数据属性。朴素贝叶斯(Naive Bayes简称NB)分类器由于其强独立性假设,并未考虑属性之间的相互关系,而入侵检测的数据集不能很好地满足条件假设,本文引入隐藏贝叶斯网络分类器,并将其应用于入侵检测中。该模型为每一个属性创建一个隐藏的父属性,它能影响到分类器的其它属性。实验表明,该算法可以优化朴素贝叶斯模型,能提高入侵检测系统的整体性能,效果更好。     

一种无线传感器网络节点的故障检测算法

在无线传感器网络(WSN)中,容易因为故障节点存在冗余的故障属性、噪声数据以及数据可靠性等问题,从而产生传输错误数据,这将极大地消耗WSN节点中能量和带宽,向用户形成错误的决策。为此,提出了基于蚁群算法和BP神经网络模型的WSN节点故障检测方法。通过使用蚁群算法,使用户通过寻找优化路径来定位WSN节点的位置,通过这种随机搜索算法以及蚁群算法的搜索策略使用户对WSN故障节点的位置进行总体把握。然后又基于BP神经网络模型对获取的WSN故障节点信息进一步学习,在数据训练过程中,依据WSN故障节点预测误差,并进一步调整网络的权值和阈值,增加了故障诊断的精度。采用的算法对检测WSN故障节点具有较好的性能,使无线传感器网络的服务质量大大提高,增强了系统的稳定性,实验结果验证了算法的可行性和有效性。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计及其仿真实现

为了设计一种具有低成本、低功耗、易操作、功能强且可靠性高的煤矿井下安全分站,针对煤矿安全生产实际,文章提出了采用MCS-51系列单片机为核心、具有CAN总线通信接口的煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计方案;首先给出煤矿井下安全监控分站的整体构架设计,然后着重阐述模拟量输入信号处理系统的设计过程,最后说明单片机最小系统及其键盘、显示、报警、通信等各个组成部分的设计;为验证设计方案的可行性与有效性,使用Proteus软件对设计内容进行仿真验证,设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有瓦斯、温度等模拟量参数超标报警功能和电机开停、风门开闭等开关量指示功能;仿真结果表明:设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有一定的实际应用价值.     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。