混凝法处理炭黑废水的研究

采用混凝法对炭黑废水进行治理,通过正交试验摸索出各影响因素对混凝效果的作用规律。结果表明,碱铝与聚丙烯酰胺组合处理炭黑废水的效果比石灰乳与聚丙烯酰胺组合好。经混凝法处理的炭黑废水其化学需氧量（ＣＯＤＣｒ值）为２０ｍｇ·Ｌ－１,低于国家标准,透光率从５７％提高到９８％,接近蒸馏水,处理效果非常显著且不会造成二次污染。     

有机膨润土吸附硝基苯的性能及其在废水处理中的应用

分别用氯化十六烷基吡啶（ＣＰＣ）和溴化十六烷基三甲铵（ＣＴＭＡＢ）改性膨润，研究了有机膨润土吸附水中硝基苯的性能及其影响因素。２５℃时，ＣＴＭＡＢ－膨润土和ＣＰＣ－膨润土的饱和吸附容量分别为１１７．０ｍｇ／ｇ和８７．６ｍｇ／ｇ。比原土（５８．１ｍｇ／ｇ）有较大的增加，有机膨润土对水中硝基苯的去除率为５０～６０％，比原土（１０．５％）提高了４～５倍将Ａｌ２（ＳＯ４）３与有机膨润土联用处理废水，不但能     

新型净化剂MA—3#的研制及在廉江银矿工业废水净化中的应用

廉江银矿日产废水量１２５０ｍ３。废水特点是悬浮粒子细，固含量较大，溶液呈乳白色。处理前废水呈中性。其它特性为：悬浮物５００～１０００ｍｇ／Ｌ，浊度２５００～５０００度。有害元素Ｐｂ、Ａｓ、Ｃｕ、Ｃｒ＋６、Ｃｄ等超标。用ＭＡ—３＃处理后，悬浮物１０～３０ｍｇ／Ｌ（国家排放标准３５０ｍｇ／Ｌ），浊度２０～３０度。各项指标净化率分别为：浊度９８８％～９９６％，悬浮物９３５６％～９８１６％，Ｐｂ９８３７％～９９５３％，Ａｓ９４１９％，Ｃｕ８３８７％～９９１２％，Ｃｒ＋６８６９８％，Ｃｄ７７３１％～７９６０％，处理后的废水各项指标均达到国家排放标准。工业应用效果表明ＭＡ—３＃对处理含固量较大且悬浮粒子纤细的废水具有特效。     

乳胶漆废水治理

乳胶漆废水的化学组成包括苯乙烯、醋酸乙烯、丙烯酸及其酯类、颜填料和乳化剂等，其化学需氧量（ＣＯＤ）７０００～１５０００ｍｇ／Ｌ，ｐＨ６～７，色度５１２～２０４８，δ＿ｓ８００～１２００ｍｇ／Ｌ。采用絮凝－加压气浮－煤渣黄砂吸附过滤方法处理乳液、乳胶漆废水。筛选了十余种絮凝剂，选用硫酸铝和聚丙烯酰胺。控制处理过程的ｐＨ８～９，絮凝剂用量为１０％硫酸铝１０～２０ｍｌ，０．２％聚丙烯酰胺６０～８０ｍｌ／１０００ｍｌ废水。处理后废水ＣＯＤ降至１００ｍｇ／Ｌ以下，符合排放标准。     

络合萃取法处理β-萘磺酸钠工业废水

采用络合萃取法,以ＴＯＡ为萃取剂、煤油为稀释剂处理β－萘磺酸钠工艺废水。结果表明,当ＰＨ＝０．５－１．０,废水：萃取剂：稀释剂＝１００：１０：４０时,废水经二级萃取ＯＣＤｃｒ去经达９８．０％。将二级萃余水相用Ｈ２Ｏ２－Ｆｅ＾２＋氧化后,出水ＣＯＤｃｒ降至１００ｍｇ／Ｌ以下,可达标排放。     

CH型絮凝剂处理废水的研究

研究了ＣＨ型絮凝剂对废水中重金属离子去除效果,结果表明,对废水中Ｎｉ＾２＋、Ｃｒ＾６＋等单一离子（浓度２０￣４０ｍｇ／Ｌ）的去除率大于９０％,对混合废水中的Ｃｕ＾２＋、Ｚｎ＾２＋、Ｎｉ＾２＋、Ｃｒ＾３＋、Ｃｄ＾２＋等（各离子浓度２０￣－４０ｍｇ／Ｌ）的去除率均大于９６％。     

综合法治疗高浓度医药中间体生产废水的研究

采用大孔吸附树脂ＣＨＡ－１１１吸附和厌氧－好氧生物处理－絮凝沉淀法综合治理医药生产废水，使平均ＣＯＤｃｒ为２０２７ｍｇ／Ｌ的废水出水降到１１０ｍｇ／Ｌ，达到太湖流域的工业水排放标准。     

微电解-厌氧水解酸化-SBR串联工艺处理制药废水试验研究

采用微电解－厌氧水解酸化－序批式活性污泥法（ＳＢＲ）串联工艺处理化学合成制药废水,试验分别考察了ｐＨ、温度、停留时间以及污泥负荷对整个工艺处理效果的影响。结果表明,原废水ＢＯＤ／ＣＯＤｒ约为０．１３,属难生物降解废水,经微电解－厌氧水解酸化处理后,出水ＢＯＤ／ＣＯＤＣｒ,可达０．６３,可生化性大大提高。维持ＳＢＲ进水ＣＯＤＣｒ在１５００ｍｇ／Ｌ左右,污泥负荷为０．５ｋｇＣＯＤＣｒ／（ｋｇＭＬＳＳ．     

缺氧—好氧工艺处理高浓度废水的应用

扬子石化公司水厂把缺氧－好氧生物膜法工艺应用于处理石化领域精对苯二甲酸（ＰＴＡ）,乙醛（ＡＣＣ）,醋酸（ＨＡＣ）混合废水。经过几年的运行,结果表明这套工艺能适应石化工业高浓度废水的处理,具有处理效果良好,运行稳定,操作管理方便,运行费用低,剩余污泥少等优点。     

C－20环氧树脂固化剂生产中的废水处理

Ｃ－２０环氧树脂固化剂生产中的废水处理周利锋，时志华（石家庄市化工四厂石家庄市０５００１１）我厂Ｃ－２０环氧树脂固化剂的生产过程为生产中排放的废水主要成分为苯酚。废水量为０．０３４ｔ／ｄ。如果不处理废水而将其排入下水道，将危害环境。为解决含酚废水的污...     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Many Drugs of Abuse May Be Acutely Transformed to Dopamine,Norepinephrine and Epinephrine In Vivo

It is well established that a wide range of drugs of abuse acutely boost the signaling of the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, where norepinephrine and epinephrine are major output molecules. This stimulatory effect is accompanied by such symptoms as elevated heart rate and blood pressure, more rapid breathing, increased body temperature and sweating, and pupillary dilation, as well as the intoxicating or euphoric subjective properties of the drug. While many drugs of abuse are thought to achieve their intoxicating effects by modulating the monoaminergic neurotransmitter systems (i.e., serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine) by binding to these receptors or otherwise affecting their synaptic signaling, this paper puts forth the hypothesis that many of these drugs are actually acutely converted to catecholamines (dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine) in vivo, in addition to transformation to their known metabolites. In this manner, a range of stimulants, opioids, and psychedelics (as well as alcohol) may partially achieve their intoxicating properties, as well as side effects, due to this putative transformation to catecholamines. If this hypothesis is correct, it would alter our understanding of the basic biosynthetic pathways for generating these important signaling molecules, while also modifying our view of the neural substrates underlying substance abuse and dependence, including psychological stress-induced relapse. Importantly, there is a direct way to test the overarching hypothesis: administer (either centrally or peripherally) stable isotope versions of these drugs to model organisms such as rodents (or even to humans) and then use liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to determine if the labeled drug is converted to labeled catecholamines in brain, blood plasma, or urine samples.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Novel polyurethane coating technology through glycidyl carbamate chemistry

Glycidyl carbamate chemistry combines the excellent properties of polyurethanes with the crosslinking chemistry of epoxy resins. Glycidyl carbamate functional oligomers were synthesized by the reaction of polyfunctional isocyanate oligomers and glycidol. The oligomers were formulated into coatings with several amine functional crosslinkers at varying stoichiometric ratios and cured at different temperatures. Properties such as solvent resistance, hardness, and impact resistance were dependent on the composition and cure conditions. Most coatings had an excellent combination of properties. Studies were carried out to determine the kinetics of the curing reaction of the glycidyl carbamate functional oligomers with multifunctional and model amines. Detailed kinetic analysis of the curing reactions was also undertaken. The results indicated that the glycidyl carbamate functional group is more reactive than a glycidyl ether group. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, on October 27–29, 2004, in Chicago, IL.