食品蛋白质降血压肽(ACEIP)的开发研究

降血压肽(ACEIP)主要来源于食品蛋白质，其制备过程包括蛋白质的提取、酶水解、降血压肽的分离、脱苦、干燥、检测等环节。介绍和分析了蛋白酶及其酶解条件的选择、活性肽的分离、苦味的脱除及活性的测定等开发降血压肽的关键技术和难点。     

合浦珠母贝肉短肽的分离及其抗氧化活性研究

为制备具有抗氧化能力的合浦珠母贝肉活性肽,本文采用Sephadex G-25分子筛层析法对合浦珠母贝肉酶解产物进行分离,测定分离到的各活性组分分子量及其总抗氧化活性、DPPH自由基清除能力及羟自由基清除能力。结果表明,合浦珠母贝肉酶解产物经Sephadex G-25分离得到6个主要活性组分,相对分子量分别为1437.5、833.7、421.9、244.7、89.0、17.4u,其中功能短肽F1(1437.5u)、F2(833.7u)、F4(244.7u)的抗氧化效果较强,特别是F2(833.7u)短肽具有最强的总抗氧化能力、DPPH自由基清除能力及羟自由基清除能力。该研究为合浦珠母贝肉抗氧化活性肽的开发提供理论技术依据。     

肽组学分析技术及其在食品研究中的应用进展

肽组学作为蛋白质组学的一门衍生科学,重点关注样品中多肽的组成及变化规律,是当前食源性多肽分析研究的热点之一。近年来,肽组学分析技术进展迅速,在食源性活性多肽的制备分析、纯化鉴定、质量控制等方面发挥了重要作用,并从分子层面上为揭示食源性蛋白质酶解调控机制、多肽释放特性等提供了重要的理论与技术支持。该研究主要综述了肽组学分析技术在样品前处理、色谱分离、质谱检测、结构鉴定以及生物活性评价等方面的研究进展,并对其在食源性多肽序列分析、引导制备、质量控制、活性预测和挖掘等方面的应用作了简要介绍,以期为肽组学分析技术的发展及其在食品研究中的进一步应用提供研究方向和理论参考。未来,基于多肽组学研究食品中活性肽的释放机制及作用机理将为多肽产业的进一步发展起到重要推动作用。     

大河乌猪火腿中新型α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制肽的分离、鉴定及活性研究

大河乌猪火腿在发酵和后熟过程中蛋白质降解可产生丰富的生物活性肽。为探究大河乌猪火腿中是否存在α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制肽及其活性,以大河乌猪火腿为研究对象,通过超滤分离方法制备了不同分子质量的火腿肽;以α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制率为指标,采用肽组学结合生物信息学分析方法对火腿肽进行鉴定、筛选和活性研究。结果表明：分子质量小于3 kDa的大河乌猪火腿肽具有良好的α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制活性。从大河乌猪火腿中共鉴定出143条主要来源于肌球蛋白、肌钙蛋白和β-烯醇化酶的肽序列,进一步筛选出的肽段IEEALGDK具有良好的α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制活性(IC₅₀值为1.42 mg/mL)。BIOPEP-UWM数据库检索结果显示,肽段IEEALGDK为新型的生物活性肽。肽的稳定性研究表明,肽段IEEALGDK具有较好的热稳定性、耐酸碱性和胃肠道消化稳定性。分子对接结果显示,肽段IEEALGDK主要通过氢键和疏水相互作用占据α-葡萄糖苷酶的活性残基位点Arg594、Arg727、Arg799和Arg467发挥活性作用。大河乌猪火腿的肽段IEEALGDK为新型生物活性肽,具有良好的α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制活性,研...     

肉及其副产物中生物活性肽研究进展

畜禽肉品及其副产物作为一种最广泛易得的优质蛋白质资源,也是生物活性肽来源的理想原料。对畜禽类动物的肌肉、骨、血液、脑、结蹄组织和皮肤中常见生物活性肽的国内外研究进展进行了综述,重点介绍了各类肽的生物学特性以及在人体系统中的应用,同时对肽的产生机制、分离纯化及鉴定技术进行了总结,旨在为探讨肉及其副产物中生物活性肽的应用研究提供思路。     

ACE抑制肽的酶法制备及其构效关系的研究进展

高血压病是目前世界范围的主要慢性疾病之一,血管紧张素转换酶(ACE)对调节血压起着关键性作用,ACE抑制肽可以通过抑制ACE的活性起到降血压作用。因此,寻找天然、安全的食物来源的ACE抑制肽是目前生物活性肽领域的研究热点。综述了近年来在ACE抑制肽的酶解、分离纯化、氨基酸序列的鉴定,以及其构效关系等方面的最新研究结果,并展望了其发展前景。     

乳源生物活性肽研究进展

乳蛋白是人类膳食蛋白质的重要来源之一,乳蛋白在蛋白酶的作用下生成具有不同功能的肽,因其对人体生理功能潜在的调节作用得到了广泛的研究和关注。为了更好地了解乳源生物活性肽,文章从生物功能、制备方法以及质谱技术的应用等3个方面对乳源生物活性肽的最新研究进展进行了系统的综述。首先系统分析了目前已报道的具有血管紧张素转换酶抑制活性、免疫调节活性、抗氧化活性、抗菌活性和阿片活性等功能的乳源生物活性肽的功能、来源和构效关系;对乳源生物活性肽的制备方法及其优缺点进行了比较;最后对质谱技术在乳源生物活性肽筛选、磷酸化乳源肽和糖基化乳源肽的鉴定等方面的最新应用进展进行了梳理。     

大米谷蛋白模拟酶解释放生物活性肽的研究

目的 通过对大米谷蛋白的模拟酶解及生物信息学分析, 评价大米谷蛋白作为生物活性肽前体的潜在价值。方法 首先, 利用计算机在UniProt蛋白质数据库中查找大米谷蛋白的序列, 使用BIOPEP活性肽数据库对所选的3条序列进行模拟酶解, 并同时对酶解产生的肽片段数量、分子量及其氨基酸组成进行统计分析。然后, 将模拟酶解产生的肽片段序列与BIOPEP数据库中已有记载的生物活性肽序列进行对比, 筛选出具有生物活性的肽片段。最后, 对模拟酶解产生的生物活性肽进行致敏性和毒性预测。结果 胃蛋白酶和木瓜蛋白酶是最适合水解大米谷蛋白的两种酶。大米谷蛋白酶解可产生许多生物活性肽, 其中出现频率最高的是二肽基肽酶Ⅳ (dipeptidyl peptidase-IV, DPP-IV)抑制肽和血管紧张素转换酶(angiotensin-converting enzyme, ACE)抑制肽。大米谷蛋白本身无潜在致敏性, 且其经过计算机模拟酶解得到的DPP-IV抑制肽和ACE抑制肽均无细胞毒性。结论 大米谷蛋白可作为酶解释放DPP-IV抑制肽和ACE抑制肽的良好前体, 本研究为大米谷蛋白酶解生产生物活性肽提供了理论指导。     

绍兴黄酒中一种ACE活性抑制肽的分离和鉴定

首次利用超滤、大孔吸附树脂柱层析和反相色谱法将绍兴黄酒中的肽类组分进行分离制备,并进行了血管紧张素转换酶(ACE)的活性抑制试验,通过高效液相色谱/电喷雾电离质谱联用分析和氨基酸组成分析鉴定出一种ACE活性抑制肽的氨基酸序列为Gln-Ser-Gly-Pro。     

超滤技术分离双低油菜ACE抑制肽及其性能研究

采用超滤技术对双低油菜酶解物中的ACE抑制肽进行了分离提纯研究,考核了分离参数对分离效果的影响,分析了不同分子质量段多肽HPLC肽谱的变化,研究了双低油菜高ACE抑制活性多肽的耐消化性、酸碱稳定性和耐热性。结果表明,超滤分离能明显提高双低油菜ACE抑制肽的活性,截留分子质量为3 ku的超滤膜透过液IC50值下降了15%,活性多肽回收率超过58%,酶解物中有4个高活性的组分峰,小于3 ku分子质量段的ACE抑制肽有良好的耐热性、酸碱稳定性和耐消化性。     

基于生物信息学稻米半胱氨酸蛋白酶抑制剂来源生物活性肽的虚拟筛选及分子对接研究

稻米半胖氨酸蛋白酶抑制剂(Oryzacystatin,OC)是除贮藏蛋白外一类重要的稻米蛋白,本研究的目的是筛选稻米OC来源的生物活性肽。研究以稻米OC蛋白质序列为对象进行生物信息学分析和计算机辅助酶解,建立OC蛋白虚拟模拟胃肠道消化产物的肽数据库,预测其生物活性肽序列。进一步结合分子对接虚拟筛选具有结合潜力的活性肽并探讨其与靶蛋白的结合位点及作用方式。生物信息学分析表明稻米OC蛋白与大豆球蛋白和稻米谷蛋白类似也是生物活性肽的潜在优良来源;经人体消化酶虚拟水解后能够产生的肽段活性以ACE和DPP-IV抑制为主。分子对接表明虚拟消化产生的两种新的三肽TDW和AGR均能与ACE和DPP-IV活性部位的关键氨基酸残基形成分子间相互作用,对ACE和DPP-IV具有潜在的抑制作用。     

Bioactive peptides derived from milk proteins. Structural,physiological and analytical aspects

The primary function of dietary proteins is to supply the body adequately with indispensable amino acids and organic nitrogen. Little attention has been paid up to date to milk proteins, in particular caseins, that are currently the main source of biologically active peptides, although other animal as well as vegetable proteins are known to contain potentially bioactive sequences. Such regulatory peptides can be released by enzymatic proteolysis of caseins in vitro and in vivo and may act as potential physiological modulators of metabolism during the intestinal digestion of the diet. It has been proved that bioactive peptides derived from caseins, such as β-casomorphins and phosphopeptides, can be released during gastrointestinal passage. It is also evident that peptides originating from food proteins should be taken into account as potential modulators of various regulatory processes in the body. The possible regulatory effects concern nutrient uptake (phosphopeptides, casomorphins), postprandial hormone secretion (casomorphins), immune defense (immunopeptides, casokinins, casomorphins) and neuroendocrine information transfer (casokinins). The advances in the research field of bioactive peptides are driven by a molecular understanding of biological processes, and analytical techniques are a critical component of this understanding. Different up-to-date methods, including peptide synthesis and immunochemistry, have been applied to the chemical characterization of bioactive peptides. Especially casein derived peptides have already found interesting applications, both as dietary supplements (phosphopeptides) and as pharmaceutical preparations (phosphopeptides, β-casomorphins). The question of'what kinds of bioactive peptides are beneficial and desirable as food constituents or as drugs' should be always carefully examined. However, the possibilities for the design of dietary products and ‘natural’ drugs look promising.     

A Review of Potential Marine-derived Hypotensive and Anti-obesity Peptides

Bioactive peptides are food derived components, usually consisting of 3–20 amino acids, which are inactive when incorporated within their parent protein. Once liberated by enzymatic or chemical hydrolysis, during food processing and gastrointestinal transit, they can potentially provide an array of health benefits to the human body. Owing to an unprecedented increase in the worldwide incidence of obesity and hypertension, medical researchers are focusing on the hypotensive and anti-obesity properties of nutritionally derived bioactive peptides. The role of the renin–angiotensin system has long been established in the aetiology of metabolic diseases and hypertension. Targeting the renin–angiotensin system by inhibiting the activity of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) and preventing the formation of angiotensin II can be a potential therapeutic approach to the treatment of hypertension and obesity. Fish-derived proteins and peptides can potentially be excellent sources of bioactive components, mainly as a source of ACE inhibitors. However, increased use of marine sources, poses an unsustainable burden on particular fish stocks, so, the underutilized fish species and by-products can be exploited for this purpose. This paper provides an overview of the techniques involved in the production, isolation, purification, and characterization of bioactive peptides from marine sources, as well as the evaluation of the ACE inhibitory (ACE-I) activity and bioavailability.     

Antioxidant proteins and peptides to enhance the oxidative stability of meat and meat products: A comprehensive review

Lipid oxidation is among the major flaw-grounding processes in meat and meat-based products that can affect interactions among lipids and proteins, leading to critically undesirable changes. Therefore, it is imperative to control lipid oxidation in meat allied products to enhance consumer acceptability. Moreover, lipid oxidation is somber dilemma visage by the meat processing industry, affects food constituents, leading to detrimental alterations that can impart the deleterious effects on human health upon consumption. Various synthetic (butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA), butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), and tertiary butylhydroquinone (TBHQ)) and natural antioxidants (vitamin C, vitamin A, tocopherols, especially vitamin E, flavonoids particularly quercetin, proteins, and peptides) as well as preservatives are employed to extend the storability of meat and resultants products; however, great consideration is paid to the utilization of natural antioxidants due to the harmful side effects imparted by synthetic counterparts. Recently, bioactive peptides are claimed to thwart lipid oxidation in meat and other products; in addition, these antioxidant peptides have also been reported to possess substantial health-promoting potential besides controlling oxidation. Therefore, the present review is intended to emphasize the sources, production methods, and applications of antioxidant proteins and peptides to control oxidative degradation in meat products and the potential health benefits of bioactive peptides. Furthermore, the techniques available for the extraction, characterization, and assessment of the antioxidant capability of bioactive peptides are discussed critically in this review.     

Enzymatic Production,Bioactivity, and Bitterness of Chickpea (Cicer arietinum) Peptides

Chickpeas are inexpensive, protein rich (approximately 20% dry mass) pulses available worldwide whose consumption has been correlated with positive health outcomes. Dietary peptides are important molecules derived from dietary proteins, but a comprehensive analysis of the peptides that can be produced from chickpea proteins is missing in the literature. This review provides information from the past 20 years on the enzymatic production of peptides from chickpea proteins, the reported bioactivities of chickpea protein hydrolysates and peptides, and the potential bitterness of chickpea peptides in food products. Chickpea peptides have been enzymatically produced with pepsin, trypsin, chymotrypsin, alcalase, flavorzyme, and papain either alone or in combination, but the sequences of many of the peptides in chickpea protein hydrolysates remain unknown. In addition, a theoretical hydrolysis of chickpea legumin by stem bromelain and ficin was performed by the authors to highlight the potential use of these enzymes to produce bioactive chickpea peptides. Antioxidant activity, hypocholesterolemic, and angiotensin 1‐converting enzyme inhibition are the most studied bioactivities of chickpea protein hydrolysates and peptides, but anticarcinogenic, antimicrobial, and anti‐inflammatory effects have also been reported for chickpea protein hydrolysates and peptides. Chickpea bioactive peptides are not currently commercialized, but their bitterness could be a major impediment to their incorporation in food products. Use of flavorzyme in the production of chickpea protein hydrolysates has been proposed to decrease their bitterness. Future research should focus on the optimization of chickpea bioactive peptide enzymatic production, studying the bioactivity of chickpea peptides in humans, and systematically analyzing chickpea peptide bitterness.     

Prevention of lipid oxidation in muscle foods by milk proteins and peptides: A review

Muscle foods (especially fresh meat, precooked, and restructured meat products) are highly prone to lipid oxidation, which ultimately leads to certain problems, viz. discoloration, off-flavor, drip losses, loss of essential fatty acids and vitamins, and generation of toxic products. These problems can be minimized with the help of various agents and or techniques such as use of natural/synthetic antioxidants, metal chelating agents, physical conditions, vacuum packaging, and encapsulation techniques. Among these, the role of synthetic antioxidants is quite debatable due to certain health risks to humans. Among the natural molecules, milk proteins and their bioactive peptides offer a promising potential for the meat industry. Various forms of milk proteins and peptides including caseinates, whey proteins, skim milk, and milk co-precipitates can be used to prevent lipid oxidation in meat products either in the form of added ingredients or as edible coatings. However, in addition to prevention of lipid oxidation, they also provide nutritional benefits and improve the technological processing and shelflife of meat and meat products. This review focuses on the utilization, mechanism of action, and efficacy of milk proteins and peptides to inhibit lipid oxidation in muscle food products.     

Biologically active peptides: Processes for their generation,purification and identification and applications as natural additives in the food and pharmaceutical industries

Recent technological advances have created great interest in the use of biologically active peptides. Bioactive peptides can be defined as specific portions of proteins with 2 to 20 amino acids that have desirable biological activities, including antioxidant, anti-hypertensive, antithrombotic, anti-adipogenic, antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory effects. Specific characteristics, including low toxicity and high specificity, make these molecules of particular interest to the food and pharmaceutical industries. This review focuses on the production of bioactive peptides, with special emphasis on fermentation and enzymatic hydrolysis. The combination of different technologies and the use of auxiliary processes are also addressed. A survey of isolation, purification and peptide characterization methods was conducted to identify the major techniques used to determine the structures of bioactive peptides. Finally, the antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-hypertensive, anti-adipogenic activities and probiotic-bacterial growth-promoting aspects of various peptides are discussed.     

Bioactive peptides generated from meat industry by-products

There is a large generation of meat by-products, not only from slaughtering but also in the meat industry from trimming and deboning during further processing. This results in extraordinary volumes of by-products that are primarily used as feeds with low returns or, more recently, to biodiesel generation. The aim of this work was to review the state of the art to generate bioactive peptides from meat industry by-products giving them an added value. Hydrolysis with commercial proteases constitutes the typical process and a variety of peptides result from such extensive proteolysis. This review focuses on the potential of meat by-products for the generation of bioactive peptides through enzymatic hydrolysis. The potential of some of the identified peptides to be used as bioactive supplements in foods has also been considered.     

ACE抑制肽构效关系及其酶法制备的研究进展

高血压是一种全球性的公共健康问题。血管紧张素转换酶(angiotensin converting enzyme,ACE)作为一种二肽缩肽酶,通过肾素-血管紧张素系统和激肽释放酶-激肽系统(kallikrein-kinin system,KKS)对血压进行调节。近年来,已有许多从各种食源蛋白中获得ACE抑制肽的研究报道。相比于化学合成药物,食源性蛋白获得的ACE抑制肽在治疗高血压方面更具安全性和温和性。许多研究已经探讨了食源性降压肽的构效关系,尤其是多肽一级序列对活性的影响。目前,最常用于制备ACE抑制肽的方式是酶催化水解蛋白,包括使用单酶或复合酶对蛋白进行水解。本文将主要对ACE抑制肽构效关系和酶法制备ACE抑制肽的研究进展进行综述,以期为获得优良的ACE抑制肽产品提供理论指导。