基于内容预测和项目评分的协同过滤推荐

文中提出了一种基于内容预测和项目评分的协同过滤推荐算法，根据基于内容的推荐计算出用户对未评分项目的评分，在此基础上采用一种基于项目的协同过滤推荐算法计算项目的相似性，随后作出预测。实验结果表明，该算法可以有效解决用户评分数据极端稀疏的情况，同时运用基于项目的相似性度量方法改善了推荐的精确性，显著提高推荐系统的推荐质量。     

基于熵优化近邻选择的协同过滤推荐算法

协同过滤推荐系统的近邻选择环节中不仅没有考虑目标项目对用户间相似性计算的影响,而且也未考虑邻居用户对目标用户的推荐贡献能力,导致既降低了相似性计算的准确性,也提高了近邻集合中伪近邻的比例。针对这些问题,提出了一种基于熵优化近邻选择的协同过滤推荐算法。算法首先使用巴氏系数计算项目间相似性,并以此为权重加权计算用户间相似性。其次引入熵描述用户评分分布特性,根据评分分布差异性衡量邻居用户的推荐贡献能力。最后,利用双重准则共同计算推荐权重,并构建近邻集合。实验结果表明该算法能够在不牺牲时间复杂度的条件下准确地选取近邻集合,提升推荐准确度。     

基于人口统计学的改进聚类模型协同过滤算法

针对传统基于用户的协同过滤推荐算法在大数据环境下存在评分高维稀疏性、推荐精度低的问题,提出一种基于人口统计学数据与改进聚类模型相结合的协同过滤推荐算法,以提高推荐系统精度和泛化能力。该方法首先通过用户人口统计学数据属性,结合用户-项目评分矩阵计算各个用户间的相似度;然后对用户、项目进行分层近邻传播聚类,根据用户对项目的评分数据计算用户或项目之间的相似性,产生目标用户或项目的兴趣近邻;最后根据兴趣最近邻进行推荐。对Epinions,MovieLents等数据集进行仿真实验,仿真的结果表明, 与传统的协同过滤算法相比, 提出的算法提高了推荐精度,为传统的协同过滤推荐算法提供了参考。     

基于共同评分和相似性权重的协同过滤推荐算法

协同过滤推荐算法是在电子商务推荐系统中应用最成功的推荐技术之一。提出了一种基于共同评分和相似性权重的协同过滤推荐算法。该算法选择用户的共同评分数据计算用户的相似性,选择项目被用户共同评分的数据计算项目的相似性,再分别计算基于用户以及项目算法的预测评分,然后通过相似性权重结合两者得到最终的预测结果,最后再根据预测结果产生推荐。实际数据的实验结果表明,提出的算法显著提高了预测准确度,从而提高了推荐质量。     

协同过滤中一种有效的最近邻选择方法

协同过滤中的评分数据稀疏性使得最近邻搜寻不够准确,导致推荐质量较差。基于此,文中提出一种有效的针对稀疏评分的最近邻选择方法--两阶段最近邻选择算法(TPNS)。TPNS分为两个步骤,首先计算用户间的近邻倾向性,选择近邻倾向性较高的用户组成初始近邻集合;然后根据初始近邻集合计算目标用户与其他用户间的等价关系相似性,使用等价关系相似性对目标用户的初始近邻集合进行修正,得到最近邻集合。在MovieLens数据集上对比常用的推荐算法,实验结果表明文中方法在协同过滤推荐的应用中具有更高的准确性。     

基于用户对项目属性偏好的协同过滤算法

为了缓解用户项目评分矩阵数据的稀疏性,在传统的协同过滤项目评分矩阵的基础上,对项目的特征进行分析,引入项目特征矩阵,然后结合余弦相似性和基于用户对项目属性偏好相似性综合计算用户的相似性,并通过一个权值来控制两者的重要程度,提出了一种基于用户对项目属性偏好的协同过滤算法。研究结果表明余弦相似性和用户对项目属性偏好的用户相似性比重相等时,推荐系统的推荐质量最好;而且当评分矩阵越稀疏的时候,用户对项目属性偏好的用户相似性的比重越大越可以提高推荐质量;同时提出的基于用户对项目属性偏好的协同过滤算法在[MAE]值都要小于两种传统的协同过滤算法。     

协同过滤算法中新项目推荐方法的研究

为了有效地解决协同过滤算法中新项目难以推荐的问题,文中提出了一种对项目矩阵进行划分的方法。其基本思想是,首先利用分类树算法划分项目矩阵并计算项目间的相似度,在此基础上缩小近邻搜索的范围和需要预测的资源数目。通过用户对已有项目的评分排列顺序和项目间相似性预测用户对新项目的评分。实验结果表明:基于项目矩阵划分的协同过滤算法有效地解决新项目推荐困难的问题,显示出了比传统推荐算法更好的推荐质量和扩展性。     

协同过滤算法中新项目推荐方法的研究

为了有效地解决协同过滤算法中新项目难以推荐的问题,文中提出了一种对项目矩阵进行划分的方法.其基本思想是,首先利用分类树算法划分项目矩阵并计算项目间的相似度,在此基础上缩小近邻搜索的范围和需要预测的资源数目.通过用户对已有项目的评分排列顺序和项目间相似性预测用户对新项目的评分.实验结果表明基于项目矩阵划分的协同过滤算法有效地解决新项目推荐困难的问题,显示出了比传统推荐算法更好的推荐质量和扩展性.     

基于用户引力的协同过滤推荐算法

针对传统的基于用户的协同过滤推荐算法存在用户兴趣偏好模型过于粗糙和邻居集不够准确等问题,本文提出了一种新的协同过滤推荐算法,命名为基于用户间引力的协同过滤推荐算法。该算法认为用户使用的社会标签可以反映用户的喜好类型及喜好程度,利用社会标签构建用户喜好物体模型,并计算它们之间的万有引力,把万有引力的大小作为用户相似性的度量,在此基础上获得目标用户的邻居用户和评分预测,把获得预测评分高的若干项目推荐给用户。实验结果说明本文的算法可以获得较其它算法较优的推荐性能。     

基于项目分类和用户群体兴趣的协同过滤算法

由于用户评分数据在极端稀疏的情况下会导致传统协同过滤算法的推荐质量下降,针对该问题,提出一种基于项目分类和用户群体兴趣的协同过滤算法。该算法根据项目类别信息对项目进行分类,相同分类的项目具有较高的相似性;利用评分数据计算各个项目分类上的用户相似性矩阵,并计算用户群体在各个分类上的兴趣,通过二者构造加权的用户相似性矩阵;利用用户加权相似性矩阵寻找用户的最近邻以获得最佳的推荐效果。实验结果表明,该算法能有效提高推荐质量。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计及其仿真实现

为了设计一种具有低成本、低功耗、易操作、功能强且可靠性高的煤矿井下安全分站,针对煤矿安全生产实际,文章提出了采用MCS-51系列单片机为核心、具有CAN总线通信接口的煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计方案;首先给出煤矿井下安全监控分站的整体构架设计,然后着重阐述模拟量输入信号处理系统的设计过程,最后说明单片机最小系统及其键盘、显示、报警、通信等各个组成部分的设计;为验证设计方案的可行性与有效性,使用Proteus软件对设计内容进行仿真验证,设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有瓦斯、温度等模拟量参数超标报警功能和电机开停、风门开闭等开关量指示功能;仿真结果表明:设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有一定的实际应用价值.     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。