高强铝合金脉冲变极性等离子弧焊接头组织与性能

采用脉冲变极性等离子弧焊对厚度10 mm的7075铝合金进行焊接,利用光学显微镜、扫描电子显微镜、X射线衍射仪、万能拉伸试验机和显微硬度仪对焊缝的显微组织和焊接接头的力学性能进行了分析和测试,研究植入脉冲对焊接接头组织及力学性能的影响.结果表明,植入脉冲后焊接接头成形良好,由于高低频脉冲的周期性变化引起熔池液体强烈的搅拌作用,细化了焊缝的显微组织,强化相T相得到细化,提高了焊缝的抗拉强度和显微硬度,焊缝处的抗拉强度为397.9 MPa,约为母材强度的67.5%,比未植入脉冲时提高了5.13%,焊缝质量有所提高.     

Effect of pulse frequency in gas tungsten arc welding of powder metallurgical preforms

Abstract

Pulsing of the welding current is one approach for refining the fusion zone microstructure in materials joined by fusion welding. The effect of current pulse frequency on weld bead microstructure, tensile strength, and hardness in joining of powder metallurgical steel preform sheets to wrought copper was studied. Considering weld strength as the quality characteristic in the selection of process parameters, the Taguchi method is used to analyse the effect of each process parameter individually and of their interaction on weld strength, and subsequently to determine the process parameters leading to optimum weld strength. The application of pulsed current causes iron dendrites to become more equiaxed and uniformly distributed owing to dendrite fragmentation. Further, there was an optimum frequency range over which the microstructural refinement was maximal. The same optimum frequency range corresponded to maximum tensile strength. Enhanced fluid flow and reduced thermal gradients are thought to be responsible for refining the solidification structure and the resulting stronger welds.     

DH36钢水下摩擦叠焊接头组织性能分析

采用天津大学自主研制的摩擦叠焊设备进行了DH36钢水下摩擦叠焊试验,对摩擦叠焊接头进行了显微组织观察和硬度测试,对比分析了不同焊接压力和不同焊接环境(水下和空气)下接头不同位置的拉伸性能. 结果表明,水下摩擦叠焊接头不同部位显微组织与硬度均存在较大差异,焊缝区组织以板条马氏体和条状及粒状贝氏体为主,硬度最高值为489.3 HV10,焊缝上部区域硬度值略高于下部,中间单元焊缝(后焊)硬度值整体上高于两侧单元焊缝(先焊);焊接压力增加能一定程度改善接头连接质量;空气中焊接的试件平均抗拉强度高于水中焊接接头.     

Microstructure evolution and tensile properties of friction-stir-welded AM50 magnesium alloy

Friction stir welding(FSW) technique was utilized to weld cast AM50 magnesium alloy plates.The microstructures in the base metal(BM) and the weld joint were observed by optical microscopy.The mechanical properties were investigated by using hardness measurement and tensile test,and the fractographs were observed by scanning electron microscopy.The results show that the microstructure of the base material was characterized by bulk primaryαphase,α-matrix and intermetallic compoundβ(or Mg_(17)Al_(12)),and t...     

振动条件下硬铝合金TIG焊接的工艺优化

采用Al-Si系焊丝对Al-Cu-Mg硬铝合金进行半自动TIG焊，焊接过程中施加机械振动.采用正交试验方法对工艺参数进行优化，并对不同工艺参数下硬铝合金的焊接接头进行拉伸性能、硬度、显微组织和物相分析，分析振动参数和焊接参数对焊接接头组织性能的影响规律和作用机理.结果表明，最佳工艺匹配参数为:焊接电流I=110 A、振动幅度D=0.05 mm、振动频率f=50 Hz，此时接头的性能为:抗拉强度R_m=289.68 MPa，断后伸长率A=4.95%，焊缝平均硬度H为108.0 HV；合适参数的振动可以细化焊缝区显微组织、抑制孔状缺陷，并使焊缝显微组织为细小的等轴树枝晶和胞状树枝晶为主，进而提高焊接接头综合力学性能.     

一种T6态Al-13.0Si-0.7Mg合金的焊接性分析

分别采用ER4047和ER5183焊丝对T6态的Al-13.0Si-0.7Mg合金进行平板对接试验,为了降低热输入的影响,使用双脉冲MIG双面焊成形工艺,确定了两种焊丝对应的焊接工艺参数并且获得了良好的焊缝成形.鱼骨状热裂纹试验说明该种合金及两种焊丝对该合金的抗热裂性能良好.在此基础之上,对焊接接头进行金相组织观察和力学性能测试.结果表明,两种焊丝对应的焊接接头显微组织的差别较大;拉伸试验表明两种焊丝的接头强度为母材的70%左右,显微硬度测试结果表明焊缝热影响区存在软化现象.     

0Cr15Ni5Cu4Nb中厚板锁底结构大功率光纤激光焊接工艺特性

采用大功率光纤激光对7 mm厚度0Cr15Ni5Cu4Nb不锈钢锁底结构实施了焊接试验,通过对不同焊接工艺参数下的接头质量、力学性能、微观组织结构的分析,研究了其焊接工艺特性. 结果表明,焊缝中的主要缺陷是焊接气孔,采用负离焦、高速度的焊接参数能够有效抑制气孔的形成. 焊缝区域硬度有所增加,并且焊缝上部和下部的硬度要高于中部的硬度值,接头的力学性能稳定,焊缝平均抗拉强度为970 MPa,冲击韧性略有降低,为母材的89%. 焊缝组织主要由马氏体、残余奥氏体和δ-Fe组成,焊缝中部δ-Fe要多于上部,马氏体转变不充分,热影响区中主要由晶粒细小的淬火马氏体组成.     

Q550高强钢焊接接头强韧性匹配

在不预热条件下采用不同合金成分焊丝焊接Q550高强钢,试验研究焊丝中合金对焊缝组织、接头抗拉强度及冲击韧性的影响.结果表明,使用MK.G60-1焊丝可获得以针状铁素体为主的焊缝组织.焊缝中沿晶界分布的先共析铁素体在承受拉应力时易萌生裂纹,提高焊缝中针状铁素体含量可以提高接头抗拉强度和韧性.采用MK.G60-1焊丝接头抗拉强度接近母材的抗拉强度,断裂发生在熔合区.接头热影响区的冲击吸收功最高,而熔合区的抗拉强度和韧性最低.焊缝冲击断口纤维区均以穿晶断裂为主,断口韧窝产生的机理是微孔聚集型,针状铁素体区对应的韧窝较大,先共析铁素体对应的韧窝较小.     

镁合金MIG焊接工艺及焊接接头组织性能分析

采用脉冲 MIG 焊接工艺,进行 AZ31B 镁合金板材的焊接性分析,焊后利用光学显微镜、扫描电子显微镜、万能拉伸试验机和显微硬度仪等设备对焊接接头的组织与力学性能进行了检测分析.结果表明,通过优化工艺参数,采用脉冲 MIG 焊接工艺可以在不开坡口、不需背面强制成形的条件下,实现镁合金单面焊接双面成形,获得连续、没有表面缺陷的焊接接头.焊接接头的热影响区较窄,晶粒稍有长大.焊缝区组织均匀,晶粒细小,硬度值高于母材.焊接接头的抗拉强度可达到母材的 95% 以上.

Abstract：

The pulsed MIG welding was used to weld AZ31B Mg alloy, and the weldability of the alloy was studied. The microstructure, mechanical property and hardness of the welded joint were investigated via the metal phase microscopy, scanning electron microscope, tensile testing machine and hardness instrument. The results show that one-side welding with back can be obtained through this technique at optimized parameters when there was no groove and no shaped ban, which continuous butt joints have no surface defects.The heat-affected zone of the joints is narrow, and the grains of the zone are slightly larger than that of the base metal. The grains of fusion zone are tiny, the microstructure is homogeneous and the hardness of welded joint is higher than that of the base metal. The tensile strength is up to 95% of the base metal.     

超声电弧对6061铝合金MIG焊接头组织和性能的影响

为了改善铝合金MIG焊的接头质量,利用外接超声激励装置在MIG焊接电弧中激发出超声,并研究了超声激励频率对6061铝合金对接焊缝的成形、气孔分布、显微组织及力学性能的影响规律. 结果表明,超声电弧可以有效的细化焊缝组织、减少焊缝气孔量,提升接头的强度. 与常规MIG焊接相比,在引入超声电弧后,焊缝的熔宽增加,焊缝中胞状树枝晶组织被细化,等轴晶区域占比增加,在激励频率为30 kHz时组织细化效果最好;随着激励频率的增加,焊缝中的气孔量逐渐降低,焊接接头的抗拉强度提高,当激励频率为50 kHz时,抗拉强度最高,达到235 MPa,为母材强度的73.4%,对应拉伸断口中韧窝的形态更加等轴化、分布更加均匀.     

管线钢大电流双面高速埋弧焊接用焊丝研制

介绍了石油、天然气输送管线用埋弧焊丝的特征及高韧性焊丝成分设计原则,分别采用92kg高频感应炉实验室冶炼。500kg中频感应炉半工业性冶炼和300t顶吹氧气转炉工业化大生产冶炼、进行焊丝研制。对所研制的焊丝配合烧结焊剂SJ101,进行了无坡口双面埋弧焊试验,测试了焊缝成分、冲击韧度、金相组织、硬度和接头抗拉强度,用扫描电镜分析了冲击断口形貌及夹杂物组成,透射电镜分析了焊缝金属的微观结构,俄歇试验分析了B、Ti、N在焊缝中的分布。结果表明,B在原奥氏体晶界偏聚,可抑制先共析铁素体在晶界析出,弥散分布的细小夹杂物有助于针状铁素体的生成,配合降低S、P、气体元素和杂质含量,可使焊缝金属具有高的韧性,焊缝硬度在HV185～HV214之间,与母材平均硬度HV190为同一水平。焊缝金属横向抗拉强度高于母材。     

TC4钛合金线性摩擦焊接头组织和力学性能

文中阐述了线性摩擦焊的原理、特点,并针对TC4钛合金线性摩擦焊接头组织和力学性能进行了研究.对比分析TC4钛合金线性摩擦焊接头焊态和焊后热处理态的接头组织和力学性能.结果表明,焊接接头共分为母材、热力影响区和焊缝区三部分;TC4钛合金的接头(包括焊态和焊后热处理态)抗拉强度和屈服强度均达到母材的90%以上;焊缝中心的硬度值最高,焊后热处理能使接头的硬度分布更加均匀.     

因瓦合金4J36等离子焊接工艺及接头性能

试验采用等离子弧焊设备对4J36因瓦合金板材进行焊接工艺试验,借助光学显微镜(OM)、扫描电镜(SEM)、能谱分析仪(EDS)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)和洛氏硬度计等手段分析接头的微观组织和力学性能.结果表明,合理的等离子工艺参数下焊接接头成形良好,抗拉强度可达到母材的93.6%;接头基体为γ相,同时存在γ'(Ni₃(Al,Ti))强化相;母材为细小的等轴晶,焊缝处呈树枝状结晶且晶粒粗大,热影响区靠近熔池部分的晶粒过热长大,靠近母材部分为均匀细小的等轴晶;焊接接头拉伸断口表现为韧性断裂,硬度最低值出现在热影响区.     

ST14钢激光拼焊板焊缝组织及成形性能分析

对1.5mm和0.8mm两种规格的ST14钢等厚激光拼焊板焊缝部位进行杯突试验,比较焊缝与母材杯突值;再对由这两种规格组合拼焊的不等厚激光拼焊板进行单向拉伸试验,检验拼焊板经拉伸后的断裂部位;分析焊缝区组织及其硬度变化,研究激光焊接参数变化对ST14钢拼焊板成形性能的影响.结果表明,焊缝深冲性能低于母材,焊缝杯突值受焊接速度影响,随焊接速度增加而增加;激光焊缝抗拉强度高于母材;对于1.5 mm拼焊板,提高焊接速度,加快焊缝冷却,有利于生成细小的针状铁素体,可提高激光拼焊板的成形性能;而0.8 mm板焊缝生成晶粒细小的粒状贝氏体组织,可使焊缝区材料成形性能接近母材;焊缝及其热影响区的硬度高于母材硬度.     

高速列车6N01侧墙激光复合焊接头软化行为分析

采用激光-电弧复合焊工艺焊接高速列车侧墙6N01铝合金型材,并对焊接接头的软化行为进行分析. 通过拉伸试验、显微硬度测试、微观金相试验和拉伸断口SEM试验,系统分析激光-电弧复合焊焊接接头软化行为,并与目前生产中应用的MIG焊接头的性能进行对比. 结果表明,采用复合焊,焊接接头强度均较MIG焊接头的强度提升10%以上,HAZ的软化区较MIG焊的减小了40%～60%;激光复合焊接头金相组织晶粒更细小,第二相质点数量多而且弥散细小,MIG焊热影响区晶粒长大倾向较大,强化相质点数量少并且尺寸较大. 采用激光-电弧复合焊方法对高速列车车体的侧墙所发生的焊接接头软化有较大的改善.     

Multi-objective optimization of friction stir welding parameters using desirability approach to join Al/SiCp metal matrix composites

Silicon carbide particulate (SiC_p) reinforced cast aluminium (Al) based metal matrix composites (MMCs) have gained wide acceptance in the fabrication of light weight structures requiring high specific strength, high temperature capability and good wear resistance. Friction stir welding (FSW) process parameters play major role in deciding the performance of welded joints. The ultimate tensile strength, notch tensile strength and weld nugget hardness of friction stir butt welded joints of cast Al/SiC_p MMCs (AA6061 with 20% (volume fraction) of SiC_p) were investigated. The relationships between the FSW process parameters (rotational speed, welding speed and axial force) and the responses (ultimate tensile strength, notch tensile strength and weld nugget hardness) were established. The optimal welding parameters to maximize the mechanical properties were identified by using desirability approach. From this investigation, it is found that the joints fabricated with the tool rotational speed of 1370 r/min, welding speed of 88.9 mm/min, and axial force of 9.6 kN yield the maximum ultimate tensile strength, notch tensile strength and hardness of 265 MPa, 201 MPa and HV114, respectively.     

6061-T6铝合金DP-MIG焊轧复合成形接头组织与力学性能

为解决6061-T6铝合金焊后热影响区软化导致力学性能下降的问题,基于焊接接头余高大变形强化过时效软化区的思想,采用双轧辊系统对6061-T6薄板铝合金直流双脉冲熔化极气体保护焊(DC double pulse metal inert gas welding,DP-MIG焊)接头进行同步双面轧制,并分析了焊轧复合成形接头组织与力学性能.结果表明,焊缝晶粒受到竖直方向的轧制力发生大塑性变形,内部气孔消失,焊缝区域变宽,邻近焊缝的热影响区受到来自焊缝的挤压力发生协同宏观变形,远离焊缝的过时效软化区组织受到来自焊缝处的压应力,从沿垂直焊缝方向产生部分协同形变强化;接头的硬度明显提升,过时效软化区的硬度由60～70 HV提升至80～90 HV,过时效软化区的拉伸性能也有所提升,当焊接速度为800 mm/min时,抗拉强度最佳可达到母材的83.6%,相较于焊接接头提升19.4%,进而实现了对过时效软化区的强化效果.     

Microstructure and mechanical properties of Al-6061-T6 alloy welded by a new hybrid FSW/SSW joining process

In this study for the first time, the effects of decrease in heat inflow to the weld metal in friction stir process by utilising semisolid processing and decreasing the pin rotational speed as well as increasing the pin transverse speed were examined. As a result, the characteristic loss of hardness and strength in the weld zone were eliminated. The results showed that by approaching the ultrafine microstructure in the weld zone through the hybrid FSW/SSW process, the hardness and elongation values reached to 90?Hv and 8.88%, respectively. These are only slightly different from those of the base metal of the welded samples. Furthermore, the ultimate tensile strength of the samples welded by the hybrid technique was found to be about 167?MPa that was higher than those of the samples welded by friction stir welding (151?MPa) and semisolid welding (114?MPa) techniques.     

DH36高强度钢摩擦柱塞焊工艺与接头组织性能

对高强度船体结构钢DH36钢板进行了摩擦柱塞焊工艺试验研究,对焊接接头微观组织、显微硬度、抗拉强度及连接界面处冲击吸收功进行了观察与测试,对连接界面处拉伸断口进行了扫描电镜观察.结果表明,采用优化摩擦柱塞焊工艺可成功实现DH36高强度钢和柱塞的冶金连接,焊缝区出现明显的硬化倾向,其显微硬度最高可达333 MPa;焊接接头抗拉强度高于母材,连接界面处拉伸断口具有微小等轴韧窝和解理断裂的混合特征,但接头连接界面处冲击吸收功为37 J±5 J,明显低于母材205 J.这是由于焊接热循环过程中在母材与柱塞连接界面附近产生了大量贝氏体及魏氏体铁素体组织导致的韧性降低造成的.     

ULCB钢电子束穿透焊组织与性能

为了进一步探索ULCB钢的焊接性能,采用真空电子束穿透焊不同束流强度对14 mm钢板对接接头进行了焊接,通过焊缝形貌比较,束流强度为100 mA时,接头焊缝成形最好,选取该接头做了拉伸、硬度、冲击试验及金相组织分析.结果表明,拉伸试样的断裂区域在母材区,抗拉强度为761 MPa、屈服强度为669 MPa,硬度范围在270~330 HV;冲击试样的断裂区域在热影响区,焊缝区平均冲击功为288 J,热影响区平均冲击功为273 J;接头显微组织中,焊缝区和热影响区产生了α'马氏体相,使焊缝区和热影响区产生相变强化,导致焊接接头的强度和硬度均高于母材.