固溶制度对Ti60合金轧棒组织和性能的影响

在α+β两相区研究了固溶温度、冷却方式对Ti60合金轧制棒材组织和力学性能的影响。结果表明,随着固溶温度的升高,组织中等轴α相含量减少,板条状α相消失,次生α相含量增加;试样的拉伸强度略有增加,塑性变化不明显。随着冷却速率的降低,片状α的厚度,α集束的尺寸以及晶界α的厚度增加;试样的室温拉伸强度及550℃高温强度均降低。试样最优热处理制度为1010℃保温2h,空冷+700℃保温2h,空冷。     

热处理对Ti-8V-8Cr-2Zr-3A1合金丝材组织和性能的影响

分别选用不同的固溶温度、固溶冷却方式和时效保温时间对Ti-8V-8Cr-2Zr-3A1合金丝材进行热处理,研究了热处理制度对丝材室温拉伸性能及金相显微组织的影响。结果表明：固溶处理温度在740～820℃范围内,力学性能及显微组织对温度不敏感,固溶温度继续提高时,材料晶粒明显变大,强度降低,塑性下降;固溶温度为740℃,分别以水淬、空冷方式冷却,材料的组织、性能无明显变化,以炉冷方式冷却,强度提高,塑性下降。眼镜架用Ti-8V-8Cr-2Zr-3A1合金丝材较为理想的热处理工艺为740℃×10min／AC＋550℃×（4～6）h／AC,经该工艺处理后,材料的抗拉强度约1120MPa,延伸率大于12％,能够满足用户要求。     

固溶时效对TC19钛合金棒材组织及性能的影响

对TC19钛合金棒材进行固溶时效热处理,利用SEM及力学性能测试研究固溶温度、时效温度对其组织及室温力学性能的影响,并对不同固溶冷却方式及时效时间下的组织和力学性能差异进行对比研究。结果表明:固溶处理后棒材组织为初生α相和亚稳态β相基;再经时效处理后组织转变为分布在β相基体间的条状初生α及弥散在β相中的细小α析出相。当时效温度一定时,随固溶温度的升高,强度增加,塑性下降;当固溶温度一定时,随时效温度的升高,强度先略微升高后降低,塑性升高;固溶后冷却速度较快及延长时效处理时间时,试样均呈现强度升高,塑性下降的规律。热处理工艺为860℃/1 h,空冷+570℃/4 h,空冷时,棒材强塑性匹配最佳。     

固溶处理对镍基高温合金的拉伸性能的影响

研究了各种不同固溶温度及冷却介质对镍基高温合金室温、高温拉伸性能的影响,详细研究了合金在1 100℃下固溶处理后的拉伸性能;并对拉伸实验所得到的断口进行了分析.实验结果表明:固溶处理空冷试样拉伸强度大于水冷试样拉伸强度,但其以延伸率为代表的塑性却小于水冷试样;拉伸强度随固溶温度的增加而降低.确定1 120℃左右为最佳固溶处理温度,水冷为最佳冷却制度.     

固溶温度对TB10钛合金力学性能的影响

研究了固溶温度对TB10(Ti-5Mo-5V-2Cr-3Al)钛合金在热处理过程中力学性能变化规律。结果表明:当TB10钛合金在740～840℃之间固溶,并在520℃时效时,在相变点以下固溶,随着固溶温度的升高,材料的强度降低、塑性升高,但在800℃时网状晶界α相恶化了材料的塑性,在相变点以上固溶时,材料的强度和塑性随着固溶温度的升高而下降;时效后的TB10钛合金随着固溶温度升高,材料的强度升高、塑性下降;当固溶温度为740℃时,时效态的材料强度和塑性比固溶态略有升高,固溶温度越高,时效强化效果越显著,时效态材料的塑性比固溶态的低,但在800℃时由于晶界α相的网状被破坏使时效态材料的塑性比固溶态的高。     

固溶温度对改型Inconel 718合金组织和性能的影响

用X-射线衍射法(XRD)和扫描电镜(SEM)研究了960～1020℃固溶+720℃8 h炉冷至620℃8 h空冷(二次时效)处理的改型718合金的力学性能和组织。结果表明,随固溶温度的提高。合金室温和350℃强度降低,塑性和韧性显著提高。随固溶温度升高,合金中强化相η数量减少,1000℃时完全消失;强化相γ′+γ″随固溶温度升高而增加,达到1000℃时最多。固溶+二次时效后,大部分γ′尺寸为10～18 nm。     

固溶后冷速对7715D钛合金室温拉伸和冲击性能的影响

本文研究了7715D钛合金固溶后在四种不同的冷速(水淬、风冷、空冷和炉冷)对室温拉伸和冲击性能的影响。结果表明,随着固溶后冷速的增加,材料的屈服强度增加而塑性降低。水淬冲击韧性最低,炉冷次之,风冷较好,空冷最高。屈服强度受次生α相尺寸和数量的影响。塑性和冲击韧性受初生/等轴α界面密度、次生α相含量和尺寸影响。风冷和空冷时,初生α相界面减少和次生α相片层厚度增加(较水淬)引起的裂纹偏转是冲击韧性增加的主要原因。冲击韧性与屈服强度及塑性在一定条件下有相关性。     

不同热处理工艺下TC4-DT钛合金的显微组织及力学性能

研究了几种热处理制度对TC4-DT钛合金板材显微组织和力学性能的影响。结果表明:等轴或双态组织具有好的拉伸性能,片层组织能够有效提高材料的断裂韧性;控制单相区固溶的冷却速度以及第二重热处理的温度和冷却速度,可以获得不同尺寸的片层组织;单相区固溶后空冷,再经两相区第二重热处理,空冷的组织中含有粗的初生α片层和细小的次生α片层,炉冷的组织中α片层变厚,单相区固溶后水冷得到马氏体组织,在两相区热处理保温时,马氏体组织直接分解成粗的α片层。采用1 015℃/1 h/AC+955℃/1.5 h/AC+550℃/6 h/AC多重热处理,可以获得粗细相间的片层组织,具有更好的强度-塑性-断裂韧性的综合匹配。     

不同热处理工艺对工业TC4合金板材组织和性能的影响

研究了两相区普通热处理和β相区固溶+两相区固溶双重热处理对工业TC4合金板材组织和性能的影响。结果表明:两相区普通退火处理(分别在700,750,800℃保温1 h,空冷)可以得到较好的综合性能,随温度升高,晶粒略有长大,强度、塑性逐渐降低;β相区固溶+两相区固溶双重热处理(1 050℃×30 min,AC+720℃×2 h,AC)得到网篮组织,强度、塑性明显降低。     

固溶时效对TC4合金组织与机械性能的影响

研究了固溶时效对TC4合金的显微组织、室温力学性能、硬度、冲击韧性的影响。结果表明,经过α＋β区固溶处理＋530~760℃时效处理后的TC4合金显微组织分别为球状或条状初生α和转变β基体,随时效温度的提高,室温强度和硬度降低,塑性和冲击韧性无明显变化;β区固溶处理＋530℃时效处理后的TC4合金显微组织分别为魏氏组织和马氏体。     

The effect of amount of possession of the trait of hostility on accuracy of perception of hostility in others.

Some theories of personality hold that an individual's perception of others is influenced by his own personality characteristics; more specifically, that a trait of low social value will be projected more into others, and that insight into the possession of these characteristics reduces this distortion. These 2 hypotheses were tested by having a group of college students rate each other (including themselves) on degree of friendliness or hostility. Agreement with group rating about self yielded the insight score. In general, the hypotheses were supported; the "friendly" Ss were most accurate in their perception of others, and insight was positively associated with accurate perception. From Psyc Abstracts 36:04:4HL16M. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Comparison of rates of infection of two methods of emergency ventricular drainage

The rates of infection of two methods of external ventricular drainage in use at Atkinson Morley's Hospital--namely, (a) percutaneous drainage with Rickham reservoirs and (b) tunnelled ventriculostomies--were compared in this retrospective review. Percutaneous drainage of CSF with Rickham reservoirs was associated with a 27% rate of infection as identified by positive microbiological cultures; tunnelled ventriculostomy catheters had a 10% infection rate. The difference in the infection rate between the two methods was statistically significant (P < 0.015). Other variables examined, including the age and sex of the patients and the reasons for ventricular drainage, were not associated with an increased rate of infection. Most infections from either method were caused by a coagulase negative staphylococcus. The average duration of ventricular drainage before identification of positive cultures was 5.7 days for Rickham reservoirs and 6.0 days for ventriculostomies.     

浅析《野草》的版画特征

鲁迅先生一生热爱美术作品,对版画中木刻兴趣尤甚.<野草>作为其"写心之作",亦呈现出一些与木刻版画一致的审美特征:一是具有木刻版画的色彩特征,多对比、多冷色,有阴郁的美感;二是具有木刻版画的力度特征,环境描写、人物刻画处处刀锋毕现,遒劲有力,有一种"力之美".     

四辊破碎机车刀架的改造

针对四辊破碎机车刀架车削中存在的几个问题,详细介绍了电动车刀架的结构和工作原理,建立主要设计参数的数学表达式,并进行适当的分析。改造后,这种电动车刀架运行平稳、可靠、方便、省力,取得了预期的效果。     

转炉炉壳热应力分析

根据实际转炉建立实体模型。以有限元为手段,考虑了炉衬和炉壳材料的物性参数随温度变化的特点和炉衬与炉壳之间膨胀间隙,计算了转炉炉壳在温度载荷和炉衬膨胀压力同时作用下的热应力。所得结果可为转炉炉壳设计提供依据。     

Comparison of the results of surgical and conservative treatment of fractures of the diaphysis of the tibia

In this paper is treated the fundamental problematic of the fracture of the diaphysis of the tibia and the therapeutic results after the conservative and operative treatment are confronted. Among 518 patients with 433 open fractures and 35 with closed fractures of the diaphysis of the tibia, successful treatment of more 2/3 was obtained in the period from 1968 to 1972. Following our casuistics and literature, whose results are similar, we find out that the average total treatment of the osteosynthesis of the fracture of the diaphysis was shortened for 2,5 months depending upon the type and the localisation of the fracture. Apolied methods of the operative and conservative and conservative treatment in relation to the velocity of the medical cure as well as to the extreme anatomical-functional results are analised. We noticed that osteosynthesis, made by the intermedullary nail and the extension of the canals or by a small AO table, by the achieved stability makes conditions of immediate motions and an early rehabilitation. Because of that it gives the best functional results.     

焦炭热性能指标意义浅析

通过对焦炭在高炉内的历程及其变化规律的剖析,阐述焦炭热性能指标的意义,形象地把焦炭在高炉内的损耗分为三部分(M1,M2,M3)。指出M2对焦比及焦炭价格有一定的指导作用。     

Results of treatment of cancer of the cardia

Cancer of the cardia is traditionally discussed with cardiac cancer of the lower portion of the esophagus and upper gastric cancer invading the esophagus, and the specific characteristics of cancer of the cardia have never been clearly defined. We reviewed the outcome of 172 patients with adenocarcinoma of the cardia who had undergone radical surgery between 1949 and 1994 in the Division of Gastrointestinal Surgery of the Cancer Institute Hospital. The centers of the tumors were located within 2 cm above and below the boundary between the esophagus and the stomach, and their longitudinal diameter was less than 8 cm. We divided the patients into an early period (1949-1979; n = 79) and a late period (1980-1994; n = 93), and focused on the historical transition. There were no differences in patient gender or histology between the two periods. However, the late period was associated with fewer cases of esophageal invasion and shorter longitudinal diameter, as the age of the population advanced. The number of advanced cancers such as the localized and infiltrative type had decreased, and early cancer and early clinical stage had become more common, but despite the fact that the number of early cancers had increased, extended dissection, such as thoracic and paraaortic lymph node dissection, was performed more frequently. By clinical stage, the long-term outcome markedly improved in Stage I patient in the late period, and tended to improve in Stage II and III patients. This appears to have been attributable to the prevention of micrometastasis by extended dissection, although the number of early cancers is another major potential cause. There were no differences in the outcome of Stage IV patients between the two periods, and further advances in multimodality therapy must be awaited. The range of resection is basically proximal gastrectomy, and if there are adequate indications, the prognosis is favorable. In view of the status of lymphatic flow and lymph node metastasis, and long-term results, lateroaortic lymph node dissection is important. Since the number of early cancer patients has been increasing, if intraabdominal recurrence is prevented, intrathoracic lymph node dissection will contribute greatly to the outcome of such patients.     

参与式农业基地建设行动方案设计

为了编制实用性强的基地建设行动方案,首先,确定参与式发展的主体,搭建一个"决策框架";其次,针对行动目标,提出不同参与主体,如管理者、农民、消费者等团队与个人的目标及行动内容;最后,工作应向重塑伙伴式合作关系,挖掘农民自我发展潜力,完成三大角色的转换,打造农业基地文化等方向推进.