交互式多模型算法的MT-R机器人视觉跟踪

针对机器人的视觉跟踪问题,提出了一种基于交互式多模型算法的视觉跟踪方法。该方法采用HSV颜色模型,通过交互式多模型算法进行滤波估计,获得目标的运动属性。利用交互式多模型算法对目标的位置进行一步或者N步预测,在获得下一帧的观测值后,在预测位置的区域进行目标搜索,可减少搜索区域,节省搜索时间,增加了跟踪的实时性。使用该方法对机器人足球比赛中的红色球进行搜索跟踪。实验结果表明,应用该方法可获得目标的运动属性,能快速搜索到运动目标,并能进行准确跟踪。     

基于计算机视觉的自主导航机器人门检测算法

研究了自主导航机器人中如何有效提高室内房门检测定位的问题。针对导航中非视觉传感器通过探测距离来判断门的位置,而关闭状态的门和周边的墙几乎处于同一平面无法定位,导致检测不准。可根据室内房门的形状特点,提出了一种计算机视觉的自主导航机器人门检测算法,能在单目视觉下进行图像采集,并根据房门的高度、宽度比以及门的形状特征,进而实现图像中门的检测。由于在检测门特征过程中使用了改进了的直线检测算法,因此具有检测速度快、效率高的特点。实验结果表明,与传统非视觉距离探测方法相比,改进方案不仅适用于单一背景下开状态的门检测,更对关闭状态门的检测具有有效性,完成导航平均处理时间约为2.2s,速度较高,对于家庭智能服务机器人的自主导航具有很大的应用价值。     

人机协作视觉手部保护系统设计

针对人机协作中人与机器人共享工作空间时的安全问题,设计了一套人机协作视觉手部保护系统,并搭建相应的验证系统。该系统采用深度学习目标检测算法结合双目视觉技术实现对操作人员手部的识别与定位,同时利用手眼标定将视觉定位后的手部坐标转换到机器人基座坐标系下,通过计算操作人员手部与机器人末端执行器之间的距离,机器人自主执行减速、急停等安全策略。经实验验证:当操作人员在机器人工作空间作业时,通过检测手-末端相对位置关系,可以有效避免人机协作过程中机器人末端执行器与手部发生碰撞,达到了保护操作人员安全的目的。     

协作环境下的人机距离建模与最小距离迭代算法

为了使机器人适应更广泛、更复杂的任务需求,实现人与机器人的协作与共融,精确并实时地计算人与机器人之间的相对距离成为了不可避免的问题.针对该问题,提出了一种协作环境下的人机距离建模方法以及计算人机间最小距离的迭代算法.首先,利用机器人的3D模型构建机器人结构特征,并通过3D视觉传感器提取人体骨骼特征,将以上2组特征映射到同一坐标空间中建立协作环境下的人机距离模型.然后,在此模型的基础上迭代计算人与机器人间的最小距离并给出对应的空间位置点.最后以ABB公司的YuMi机器人为测试对象进行人机最小距离测量实验,实验结果表明该方法降低了建模难度、实现了计算的实时性,验证了该建模方法与迭代算法的有效性和实用性.     

室内单目机器人视觉目标发现与跟随

本文研究了室内单目机器人上的视觉目标人发现与跟随问题,分为场景变化检测,目标人检测,目标人视觉追踪和目标人主动跟随几个部分,主要研究了场景变化检测算法和目标人视觉追踪算法. 高速的场景变化检测算法通过对场景建模来分析该场景是否变化,为目标检测部分提供潜在变化帧和潜在变化区域. 实验结果表明能够提高系统运行速度,减少机器人运行时的卡顿. 视觉目标追踪算法结合表观模型和SLAM过程得到的地图点信息,估计目标区域内属于背景的部分,减少由于遮挡和目标尺度变化对于追踪算法的表观模型的影响,实验结果相比于对比算法取得较大效果提升. 本文尝试使用近年来效果较好的深度神经网络来进行目标检测. 使用小型深度网络并加强对于室内场景下人的学习,在运行速度和检测效果方面取得较好的平衡. 在视觉目标人的发现和跟踪的基础上,我们实现了机器人的跟随. 由于单目视觉仅能够提供目标的方向信息,所以机器人主动跟随的目标是保持目标人在成像平面的水平居中位置. 在目标无遮挡和部分遮挡的情况下,机器人能够成功的跟随人.     

嵌入式单目机器人视觉检测及避障系统设计

为实现机器人在移动中快速检测和避开障碍物功能,提出一种在室内以单目视觉为基础的嵌入式机器人检测障碍和避障的设计方案;通过对HSI颜色空间的H空间进行分块,获取分块区的颜色矩特征进行比较,能快速检测障碍物;通过几何法建立机器人坐标和图像坐标的关系,计算障碍物实际距离,准确定位障碍物;通过输入障碍物距离和偏离前进方向的角度到模糊控制器,获得输出转动角度,并对输出的角度进行调节;实验结果表明该系统具有实时性和可行性,实现了利用图像分块的信息快速检测定位障碍物,并通过模糊控制器完成了避障要求。     

基于单目视觉的移动机器人测距方法

本文针对多机器人编队过程中的跟踪控制,提出了一种跟踪机器人采用单目视觉技术获取前方被跟踪机器人距离信息的方法.该方法首先对跟踪机器人摄像机进行内参数标定,并在目标机器人背部设置视觉标记.然后系统获取目标机器人的含有视觉标记的单帧图像,预处理此图像,并识别出图像中的视觉标记所在的目标区域,用Hu氏不变矩计算该区域形心.最后推导出单目测距算法,利用图像信息和其它参数可以计算出两机器人之间的距离.实验结果表明,所设计的单目测距系统能得到准确的距离,为跟踪控制提供了重要的反馈信息.     

基于全景视觉的移动机器人同步定位与地图创建研究

提出了一种基于全景视觉的移动机器人同步定位与地图创建（Omni-vSLAM）方法．该方法提取 颜色区域作为视觉路标;在分析全景视觉成像原理和定位不确定性的基础上建立起系统的观测模型,定位出 路标位置,进而通过扩展卡尔曼滤波算法（EKF）同步更新机器人位置和地图信息．实验结果证明了该方法在 建立环境地图的同时可以有效地修正由里程计造成的累积定位误差．     

基于人脸识别与光流追踪的移动机器人视觉导航方法

针对移动机器人视觉导航中跟踪目标丢失的问题,提出了基于人脸识别与稀疏光流算法(KLT)结合的移动机器人视觉导航方法(FR-KLT视觉导航方法)。采用OpenCV库中的Haar特征提取人脸识别算法实时检测识别目标人脸,通过Harris角点检测获取目标人体特征点,对目标人体进行精准定位;KLT光流追踪法测算目标移动趋势,并预测目标下一刻大致位置。目标人体位置变动时移动机器人对目标进行实时追踪导航。通过Pioneer-LX机器人在真实环境下试验,验证了该方法准确识别并跟踪目标的实时性和有效性。     

视觉同步定位与地图重建—–基于先验信息的SIFT 匹配算法

鉴于尺度不变特征转换（SIFT）匹配算法存在计算效率不高且容易出现误匹配的问题,针对视觉同步定位与地图重建,提出了一种基于先验信息的SIFT匹配算法．该算法首先根据机器人和特征点的相对距离变化来预测尺度空间的变化;然后根据机器人和特征点的当前状态来预测特征点的图像位置;最后在预测的图像位置进行SIFT匹配．实验结果表明...     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计及其仿真实现

为了设计一种具有低成本、低功耗、易操作、功能强且可靠性高的煤矿井下安全分站,针对煤矿安全生产实际,文章提出了采用MCS-51系列单片机为核心、具有CAN总线通信接口的煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计方案;首先给出煤矿井下安全监控分站的整体构架设计,然后着重阐述模拟量输入信号处理系统的设计过程,最后说明单片机最小系统及其键盘、显示、报警、通信等各个组成部分的设计;为验证设计方案的可行性与有效性,使用Proteus软件对设计内容进行仿真验证,设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有瓦斯、温度等模拟量参数超标报警功能和电机开停、风门开闭等开关量指示功能;仿真结果表明:设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有一定的实际应用价值.     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。