粗集理论中不相容规则的一种修正算法

粗集理论是继概率论、模糊集、证据理论之后的又一种处理模糊和不确定性知识的数学工具。针对粗集理论在实际应用中常常出现的条件属性相同而决策属性不一致问题，提出了一种修正不相容规则的算法。即从相对错误分类率概念出发，在力求保持原知识分类能力的前提下，通过比较不相容规则的相对错误分类率大小，从而对不相容规则进行修正的算法。并通过雷达分类实例验证了算法的可行性。     

Lukasiewicz命题逻辑中命题的Choquet积分真度理论

将已有的不确定性测度概念引入到了Lukasiewicz命题逻辑中的全体赋值之集上,然后利用McNaughton函数关于该不确定性测度的Choquet积分定义了命题的Choquet积分真度概念.证明了当赋值空间上的不确定性测度满足有限可加性时Choquet积分真度函数就具有良好性质,由此可诱导出命题集上的一个伪距离,进而可建立逻辑度量空间并展开程度化推理,特别是证明了当赋值空间上的不确定性测度取为Borel概率测度时Choquet积分真度函数就退化为概率计量逻辑中的Borel概率真度函数.本文是已有命题逻辑概率计量化工作的继续与深入,为表示逻辑命题间不确定性的非线性关系提供了一种推理框架.     

粗集理论原型系统的集成与实现

粗集理论主要基于集合近似的概念，给出了知识划分和规则提取的一套方法．主要有不可分辨类的数据划分定义、上下近似和相对正区域求解方法、最小决策规则生成等。针对粗集中这些重要理论．文章主要介绍开发粗集理论原型系统的设计要求、系统组成以及实现粗集理论中相关算法理论依据，并包含有通用数据库接口．因此有着一定的应用价值。     

基于粗集理论的信息熵属性约简算法

本文针对粗集属性约简存在的问题，提出了一种信息熵的属性约简算法，算法中引入了信息熵的概念代替粗集约简γ准则作为属性选择的标准，克服了粗集约简γ准则对数据噪声的敏感性和不能表达属性间概率因果关系的缺点，本文通过两个实例表明，当属性间存在确定性关系性算法能够象粗集约简γ准则一样找到表达这些关系的属性集，当属性间是概率因果关系，或确定性关系被数据噪声所掩盖，因而粗集约简γ准则无法使用时，算法能够找到具有确定性关系的属性集，或是具有最小不确定性概率因果关系的属性集。     

不确定度问题研究情况综述

不确定度是一个度量不确定性测度函数所表示对象的不确定程度的模型，不同的不确定性理论用不同的不确定性测度描述。很多文献针对不同对象的不同不确定性测度提出了各种不确定度模型。本文从经典Shannon熵和Hartley熵出发，对这些不确定度模型作一个综述，涉及到的不确定性理论包括概率论、模糊集合论、证据理论、可能性理论等。     

基于粗集理论的最小化决策模型

随着Internet的出现，信息过程量已经成为电子商务经营决策人员必须面对的问题。如何才能在大量的可用信息资源中及时发现有用的知识，已经引起了广泛关注。粗集理论在数据挖掘节中的应用，提供了应用处理模糊和不确定知识的数学工具，获取知识、精炼知识和实现知识增值的方法。在粗集基本概念的基础上，探讨了根据粗集理论分析处理信息、提取有用特征的方法，以及通过分析、推理产生最小决策规则的方法。     

基于粗糙集理论的红外小目标检测

红外图像处理中的点目标检测技术是近年来信息处理研究的热点和难点之一，而粗集是一种用于处理含糊和不确定性问题的新的数学工具。本文提出了基于粗集理论的红外小目标检测算法，该检测算法可按红外图像模型的频域属性、灰度值属性和相关性属性，把目标从背景中分离出来。实践结果表明，该算法能够对小目标进行可靠的检测。     

正则化训练的神经网络与粗集理论相结合的股票时间序列数据挖掘技术

论文提出将正则化神经网络与粗集理论相结合应用于股票时间序列数据库的数据挖掘.首先对时间序列数据库进行预处理,除去高频干扰信号,然后将股票时间序列数据按照收盘价的变化趋势分割成一系列静态模式,每种模式代表股票价格的一种行为趋势(上涨或下跌),把决定各种模式的相关属性组成一系列信息,形成一个适用于粗集方法的信息表.然后使用正则神经网络对信息表进行学习,用粗集理论从正则神经网络所存储的知识中抽取规则,得到的规则可以用于预测时间序列在未来的行为。该方法融合了正则神经网络优良的泛化性能和粗集理论的规则生成能力,实验表明,该方法预测效果比较准确。     

基于粗集理论的雷达故障诊断方法

针对雷达故障诊断中数据量庞大和属性维数多的问题，提出了一种基于粗集理论的雷达故障诊断方法，构建了故障诊断模型，介绍了诊断算法和诊断过程，并用实例进行了验证。结果表明，该方法能够有效地提高故障诊断的可靠性，减小诊断的不确定性。     

条件概率关系数据库模型

现实世界中大量存在着的不确定性信息，关系数据库模型仅视它们为空值，有必要增强其处理这类信息的能力，文章在总结前人工作的基础上推广关系数据库模型，创建有效处理随机型不确定性信息的条件概念关系数据库模型，该模型通过在关系模式中增加一个条件概率测度属性，为每条记录指定适当的条件概率的途径，来表示不确定性信息。文中以对象码为基本工具，创建了条件概率关系结构；以特征函数为基本工具，定义了一套基于该结构的代数运算规则。条件概率的语意比概率的语意广泛，灵活，因而该模型能有效克服概率关系模型的许多不足。     

Development of the readout system for waveguide multilayer optical card

Waveguide multilayer optical card （WMOC） is a novel storage device of three-dimensional optical information. An advanced readout system fitting for the WMOC is introduced in this paper. The hardware mainly consists of the light source for reading, WMOC, motorized stages addressing unit, microscope imaging unit, CCD detecting unit and PC controlling ＆ processing unit. The movement of the precision motorized stage is controlled by the computer through Visual Basic （VB） language in software. A control panel is also designed to get the layer address and the page address through which the position of the motorized stages can be changed. The WMOC readout system is easy to manage and the readout result is directly displayed on computer monitor.     

Nanoimprint Lithography -A Next Generation High Volume Lithography Technique

IntroductionNanoimprint Lithography is a well-acknowl-edged low cost, high resolution, large area pattern-ing process. It includes the most promising methods,high-pressure hot embossing lithography (HEL) [2],UV-cured imprinting (UV-NIL) [3] and micro contactprinting (m-CP, MCP) [4]. Curing of the imprintedstructures is either done by subsequent UV-lightexposure in the case of UV-NIL or by cooling downbelow the glass transition temperature of the ther-moplastic material in case of HEL…     

Collinear phase-matching study of terahertz-wave generation via difference frequency mixed in GaAs and Inp

The collinearly phase-matching condition of terahertz-wave generation via difference frequency mixed in GaAs and InP is theoretically studied. In collinear phase-matching, the optimum phase-matching wave hands of these two crystals are calculated. The optimum phase-matching wave bands in GaAs and lnP are 0.95-1.38μm and 0.7-0.96μm respectively. The influence of the wavelength choice of the pump wave on the coherent length in THz-wave tuning is also discussed. The influence of the temperature alteration on the phase-matching and the temperature tuning properties in GaAs crystal are calculated and analyzed. It can serve for the following experiments as a theoretical evidence and a reference as well.     

Effects of the alloy compositions on the phonon-polaritons in ternary mixed crystals

Composition dependence of bulk and surface phonon-polaritons in ternary mixed crystals are studied in the framework of the modified random-element-isodisplacement model and the Bom-Huang approximation. The numerical results for Several Ⅱ - Ⅵ and Ⅲ- Ⅴ compound systems are performed, and the polariton frequencies as functions of the compositions for ternary mixed crystals AlxGa1-xAs, GaPxAS1-x, ZnSxSe1-x, GaAsxSb1-x, GaxIn1-xP, and ZnxCd1-xS as examples are given and discussed. The results show that the dependence of the energies of two branches of bulk phonon-polaritons which have phonon-like characteristics, and surface phonon-polaritons on the compositions of ternary mixed crystals are nonlinear and different from those of the corresponding binary systems.     

Influence of PVK ： NPB hole transporting layer on the characteristics of organic light-emitting devices

A doping system consisting of NPB and PVK is employed as a composite hole transporting layer （CHTL）. By adjusting the component ratio of the doping system, a series of devices with different concentration proportion of PVK ： NPB are constracted. The result shows that doping concentration of NPB enhances the competence of hole transporting ability, and modifies the recombination region of charge as well as affects the surface morphology of doped film. Optimum device with a maximum brightness of 7852 cd/m^2 and a power efficiency of 1.75 lm/W has been obtained by choosing a concentration proportion of PVK ： NPB at 1：3.     

New insert layer structure OLEDs

An insert layer structure organic electroluminescent device（OLED） based on a new luminescent material （Zn（salen）） is fabricated. The configuration of the device is ITO/CuPc/NPD/Zn（salen）/Liq/LiF/A1/CuPc/NPD/Zn（salen）/Liq/LiF/A1. Effective insert electrode layers comprising LiF（1nm）/Al（5 nm） are used as a single semitransparent mirror, and bilayer cathode LiF（1 nm）/A1（100 nm） is used as a reflecting mirror. The two mirrors form a Fabry-Perot microcavity and two emissive units. The maximum brightness and luminous efficiency reach 674 cd/m^2 and 2.652 cd/A, respectively, which are 2.1 and 3.7 times higher than the conventional device, respectively. The superior brightness and luminous efficiency over conventional single-unit devices are attributed to microcavity effect.     

Analysis of error performance on Turbo coded FDPIM

Due to variable symbol length of digital pulse interval modulation（DPIM）, it is difficult to analyze the error performances of Turbo coded DPIM. To solve this problem, a fixed-length digital pulse interval modulation（FDPIM） method is provided. The FDPIM modulation structure is introduced. The packet error rates of uncoded FDPIM are analyzed and compared with that of DPIM. Bit error rates of Turbo coded FDPIM are simulated based on three kinds of analytical models under weak turbulence channel. The results show that packet error rate of uncoded FDPIM is inferior to that of uncoded DPIM. However, FDPIM is easy to be implemented and easy to be combined, with Turbo code for soft-decision because of its fixed length. Besides, the introduction of Turbo code in this modulation can decrease the average power about 10 dBm, which means that it can improve the error performance of the system effectively.     

A method for calculating the center position of collimated light

It is a key problem to accurately calculate beam spots＇ center of measuring the warp by using a collimated laser. A new method, named double geometrical center method （DGCM）, is put forward for the first time. In this method, a plane wave perpendicularly irradiates an aperture stop, and a charge couple device （CCD） is employed to receive the diffraction-beam spots, then the geometrical centers of the fast and the second diffraction-beam spots are calculated respectively, and their mean value is regarded as the center of datum beam. In face of such adverse instances as laser intension distributing defectively, part of the image being saturated, this method can still work well. What＇s more, this method can detect whether an unacceptable error exits in the courses of image receiving, processing and calculating. The experimental results indicate the precision of this method is high.     

Preparation and Characterization of TaN ALD Precursors

High purity organic-tantalum precursors for thin film ALD TaN were synthesized and characterized.Vapor pressure and thermal stability of these precursors were studied.From the vapor pressure analysis,it was found that TBTEMT has a higher vapor pressure than any other published liquid TaN precursor,including TBTDET,TAITMATA,and IPTDET.Thermal stability of the alkyl groups on the precursors was investigated using a 1H NMR technique.The results indicated that the tertbutylimino group is the most stable group on TBTDET and TBTEMT as compared to the dialkylamido groups.Thermal stability of TaN precursors decreased in the following order:TBTDET ＞ PDMAT ＞ TBTEMT.In conclusion,precursor vapor pressure and thermal stability were tuned by making slight variations in the ligand sphere around the metal center.     

Curved crystal spectrometer for the measurement of X-ray lines from laser-produced plasmas

In order to diagnose the laser-produced plasmas, a focusing curved crystal spectrometer has been developed for measuring the X-ray lines radiated from a laser-produced plasmas. The design is based on the fact that the ray emitted from a source located at one focus of an ellipse will converge on the other focus by the reflection of the elliptical surface. The focal length and the eccentricity of the ellipse are 1350 mm and 0.9586, respectively. The spectrometer can be used to measure the X- ray lines in the wavelength range of 0.2-0.37 nm, and a LiF crystal （200） （2d = 0.4027 nm） is used as dispersive element covering Bragg angle from 30° to 67.5°. The spectrometer was tested on Shengnang- Ⅱ which can deliver laser energy of 60-80 J/pulse and the laser wavelength is 0.35 μm. Photographs of spectra including the 1 s2p ^1P1-1s^2 ^1S0 resonance line（w）, the 1s2p ^3P2-1s^2 1S0 magnetic quadrupole line（x）, the 1s2p ^3P1-1 s^2 ^1S0 intercombination lines（y）, the 1 s2p ^3S~1-1 s^2 ^1S0 forbidden line（z） in helium-like Ti Ⅹ Ⅺ and the 1 s2s2p ^2P3/2-1 s622s ^2S1/2 line（q） in lithium-like Ti Ⅹ Ⅹhave been recorded with a X-ray CCD camera. The experimental result shows that the wavelength resolution（λ/△ 2） is above 1000 and the elliptical crystal spectrometer is suitable for X-ray spectroscopy.