关于垃圾焚烧发电项目环境影响评价技术要点分析

垃圾焚烧发电是人口较多城镇处理生活垃圾的一种主要方式,其工艺经过多年发展后,较为成熟稳定.与传统的垃圾填埋等方式相比,生活垃圾焚烧发电占地少、处理周期短、无害化程度高,还能实现资源的再生利用,被国际上公认为是最有效的垃圾处理方式.但垃圾焚烧发电过程中所产生的废气、废水等也会给周边环境带来影响,在进行环境影响评价报告编制...     

Life Cycle Assessment of Internal Recycling Options of Steel Slag in Chinese Iron and Steel Industry

 The internal recycling process of BOF slag which is one of the huge solid wastes from iron and steel industry was emphasized. Based on the four scenarios of different internal recycling strategies for BOF slag, life cycle assessment (LCA) as a valuable tool for industrial solid waste management was applied to analyze the contribution to reducing environmental impacts and resources burdens for each scenario. The global warming potential (GWP) results of the four scenarios show that the scenario which performs best in carbon reduction cuts off 14.2% of GWP impacts of the worst scenario. The results of this study show that the optimized internal recycling process of BOF slag can improve the environmental performance of crude steel. It is important to assess and choose an appropriate strategy to recycle BOF slag from LCA perspective to reduce the environmental impacts and resource burdens as much as possible.     

钢厂模式与工业生态链--钢铁工业的未来发展模式--在第二届地球环境与钢铁工业国际研讨会上的报告

进入21世纪以后，如何认识钢铁企业的社会经济角色，特别是如何认识钢铁制造流程的功能，是一个时代性的命题。仅从冶金学、材料学的角度上看，钢厂的功能只是钢铁冶炼与钢材生产而已。如果进一步扩展到资源、环境、生态、循环经济等视野来看，则钢厂应是生态工业链中的重要一环。从钢铁企业的未来社会、经济角色来看，钢铁厂生产流程应该(特别是高炉-转炉长流程)主要有三种功能：钢铁产品制造功能；能源转换功能；社会大宗废弃物处理-消纳功能。作为与环境-生态协调的循环经济社会中的钢铁厂大体可有两种模式，即：港口生态工业带钢铁厂；都市周边型钢铁厂。     

含镍、铬不锈钢尘泥资源化利用探讨

不锈钢生产会产生大量的不锈钢除尘灰和酸洗污泥等含镍、铬固体废弃物,如若处理不当,不仅会导致大量镍、铬等资源的浪费,而且会造成严重的环境污染。目前,含镍、铬不锈钢尘泥资源化利用途径虽然较多,但无论是回收其中有价金属元素,还是生产水泥、陶粒、化工颜料和肥料等资源化利用,都存在一定的局限性。因此,展望未来不锈钢尘泥的资源化利用应以直接返生产工序循环利用为重点研究和发展方向。     

Introducing a multi-criteria indicator to better evaluate impacts of rare earth materials production and consumption in life cycle assessment

Life cycle assessment （LCA） is based on the basic principles of sustainable development. LCA method demonstrated its efficiency in providing a systematic environmental assessment approach of a product or a process. The effectiveness and efficiency of these methods lies in the fact that they take into account all life cycle stages of a product, from the extraction of raw materials to end of life treatment （recycling, ...） through an assessment covering different impact categories such as climate change, human health, ecosystems and resources. Existing LCA indicators reflect different issues surrounding resource depletion, creating inconsistency and moreover confusion among LCA practitioners. The evaluation of different life cycle impacts assessment （LCIA） methods done by EC JRC showed that available models did not address the same parameters： short- vs long-term, stock vs backup technology, etc. It also showed that if the correlation between the methods was sufficient for some resources, others such as rare earth elements showed a high level of inconsistency between methods. It was therefore necessary to develop a relevant indicator and harmonized assessment of impacts on resources in LCA. Furthermore, a resource strategy indicator based on the three pillars of sustainable development （eco- nomic, environmental and social） would better address wider challenges and making it a more powerful decision making tool. This study aimed to introduce an indicator for evaluating the strategy implications of metal resources for products and to compare different ways of production resulting from extraction of raw materials or recycling, with a special focus on rare earth materials. The indicator would assess the impacts based on a reserve-resource vision [BGS NERC] and the evolution over time and founded over three pa- rameters： technical feasibility, economic viability and political stability （including social and environmental aspects） in representing countries.     

飞灰资源化工业化的实践

飞灰资源化可以从根本上解决飞灰的出路,使生活垃圾焚烧产业发展的瓶颈得以解除,是推进生活垃圾处置产业向前发展的关键技术。上海市固体废物处置中心对飞灰资源化进行了工业规摸的实验,在控制重金属污染的前提下通过水洗的方式除去飞灰中的氯离子,处理后的飞灰用作水泥生料。实验表明,该工艺有效控制了资源化过程中的环境风险,可以环保、安全地实现飞灰的资源化。     

有色金属循环经济推进建议

循环经济突破传统工业经济的自然资源旧理念,把资源开发重点转向废弃物资源再生利用,确立了新型资源和原材料供应渠道,再生资源成为资源循环新起点,再生资源产业则成为循环经济的重要组成部分。本文遵循发展循环经济3R原则,在全面分析我国发展有色金属循环经济必要性、现状、存在问题基础上,探索构建有色金属循环经济产业链的思路,提出推进我国有色金属循环经济产业壮大与快速发展的对策和政策性建议,从而确保我国有色金属资源供给安全,实现有色行业经济效益、环境效益和社会效益的统一。     

炼钢含铁废弃物循环利用技术研究

在炼钢生产过程中产生了大量的含铁废弃物,通过短流程循环利用、供转炉工序使用,改善了转炉渣性能,提高了含铁废弃物的循环利用率,解决了炼钢含铁资源浪费、运输过程环境污染等问题,为炼钢含铁资源的循环利用奠定了坚实的基础。     

Some Problems of Recycling Industrial Materials

The industrial system should learn from the natural ecosystem. The resource utilization efficiency should be increased and the environmental load should be decreased, depending on the materials recycled in the system. The classification of industrial materials from the viewpoint of large-scale recycling was stated. Recycling of materials, on three different levels, was introduced in the industrial system. The metal flow diagram in the life cycle of products, in the case of no materials recycled, materials partially recycled, and materials completely recycled, was given. The natural resource conservation and the waste emission reduction were analyzed under the condition of materials completely recycled. The expressions for the relation between resource efficiency and material recycling rate, and the relation between eco-efficiency and material recycling rate were derived, and the curves describing the relationship between them were protracted. The diagram of iron flow in the life cycle of iron and steel products in China, in 2001, was given, and the iron resource efficiency, material recycling rate, and iron eco-efficiency were analyzed. The variation of iron resource efficiency with the material recycling rate was analyzed for two different production ratios.     

对铜原料加工贸易政策不宜取消的探讨

随着中国铜冶炼企业不断壮大,需要进口大量的铜原料,一般贸易和加工贸易是铜行业原料进口的主要方式,犹如企业"两条腿"走路。而在国家"两高一资"政策的调控下,取消了铜原料加工贸易政策。本文阐述了铜原料加工贸易对企业的重要性、合理性,以及通过本企业对资源、环保等综合利用情况的分析,认同铜原料加工贸易政策存在的可行性,表达了恢复铜原料加工贸易政策对铜企业的重大意义。     

铝电解电极废渣的无害化与资源化研究进展

铝电解电极废渣(包括大修渣、阳极炭渣等)作为铝电解工业的主要固体废弃物，不仅含有氟化物和氰化物等有害组分，同时还含有大量优质的炭质和电解质等有价组分，兼具危险固废和二次资源的双重属性，对其进行综合处置不仅可以实现资源循环和变废为宝，还能有效缓解其造成的环境污染问题。以无害化处置、资源化回收以及资源化利用为主线，对铝电解电极废渣的无害化与资源化研究现状进行了综述，指出了目前各技术方法存在的主要问题，并对我国铝电解电极废渣处置的发展方向提出了合理建议，为铝电解电极废渣的综合处置提供参考，对我国铝电解行业的绿色可持续发展具有借鉴意义。     

Physical Characterization of Municipal Solid Waste for Geotechnical Purposes

A procedure to characterize municipal solid waste (MSW) for geotechnical engineering purposes is developed based on experience with waste characterization and testing. Existing MSW classification systems are reviewed briefly, and the field and laboratory waste characterization programs of two important projects are presented. Findings on the influence of the waste’s physical composition on its mechanical response from these projects and recent studies of MSW are integrated to develop a waste characterization procedure for efficient collection of the relevant information on landfill operation and waste physical characteristics that are most likely to affect the geotechnical properties of MSW. A phased approach to implementation of this procedure is proposed as a best practice for the physical characterization of MSW for geotechnical purposes. The scope of the phased procedure can be adjusted to optimize the effort required to collect relevant information on a project-specific basis. The procedure includes a systematic evaluation of the moisture and organic content of MSW, because they are important factors in the geotechnical characterization of MSW.     

钢铁企业氧化铁二次资源深加工技术最新进展

介绍了氧化铁二次资源深加工最新技术,如钢铁企业含铁尘泥集中资源化利用技术、冷轧副产铁红和钢材酸洗废液制备三氯化铁技术、钢材酸洗废液制备墨粉级氧化铁技术、转炉泥制备颜料级氧化铁红技术、环保工艺资源化利用轧钢油泥技术.这些新技术对钢铁企业提高氧化铁二次资源的附加值具有重要意义,可为企业带来很大的经济效益、环保效益和社会效益.     

废旧三元动力电池正极材料中有用元素提取技术进展

随着新能源汽车产业的发展，汽车动力电池产量快速增长，动力电池报废量也逐年增加。为实现废旧动力电池中有价元素的循环利用，降低废弃物对环境的污染，缓解锂、钴资源供需不平衡矛盾，废旧动力电池资源化迫在眉睫。三元正极材料是废旧动力电池中最具有回收价值的成分，综述了废旧三元动力电池正极材料的湿法提取技术、火法—湿法联合提取技术以及其他提取技术的进展，分析比较了各种技术的优势与不足，并对废旧三元动力电池正极材料中有价元素提取技术未来的发展方向进行展望。     

鞍钢鲅鱼圈固体废弃物的综合利用

介绍了鞍钢鲅鱼圈固体废弃物的种类和主要来源、回收加工成混料的过程,以及混料返回烧结系统和生产铁碳球再利用情况。生产实践表明,鞍钢鲅鱼圈固体废弃物加工成混料用于烧结生产或生产铁碳球代替含铁原料,既可以创造较大的经济效益,同时也解决了由于各种固体废弃物无序堆放带来的环境污染问题。     

要重视金属矿产资源开发中的环境问题

受矿石供求矛盾和价格上升的刺激,金属矿投资持续升温,无序开发问题日益严重。金属矿无序开发不仅造成资源的浪费,而且带来严重的环境问题和安全问题。本文结合金属矿供求形势和开发现状,研究了金属矿无序开发引发的各种环境问题,并提出依法管理,加强监管,从源头把关,从战略高度强化金属矿资源集中开发、集中管理等对策。     

西藏某铜矿工程设计中环保措施的合理应用

通过对处于雪域高原矿山项目开发过程中所涉及到的厂(场)址选择、废水处理及回用、废石处置以及濒危野生动物保护等生态环境保护问题的分析研究,从工程设计角度最大限度地落实环保工程措施,做到既合理开发利用矿产资源、带动地方经济发展,又严格保护当地生态环境、避免生态破坏和环境污染。该项目有关环保措施思路可供类似工程借鉴。     

生态城区建设中固体废弃物的源头减量化和资源化

从理论层面分析了生态城区产生的固体废弃物的特点以及现行的固体废弃物管理中各方面的问题所在,生态城区对固体废弃物在源头减量和生态资源化有更加严格的要求,人的生态环保意识的提升,废弃物再生资源化全面实行清洁生产,建立循环经济体系和完善的废品收购业等可以作为生态城区中达到固体废弃物源头减量化和资源化的手段。     

金洲矿业集团提高矿产资源综合利用率的有效途径

金洲公司通过发展循环经济,采取各种措施对矿山的废石、尾矿砂、水资源综合回收利用,变废为宝,基本实现矿山生产无废排放,既最大化地利用了矿产资源,又保护了生态环境,实现了企业和社会的双重效益。     

氧化铁粉的回收与再利用技术探讨

从环保角度出发,介绍了钢铁企业酸再生产线对热轧钢板酸洗后形成的废酸循环利用及氧化铁粉制备和应用过程。通过技术优化和创新,不断提高产品品质和用途,并逐步满足了高端客户对氧化铁粉的不同品质需求,有效提升了酸再生能力和氧化铁粉一级品率,减轻了钢铁企业副产物对环境的影响。在现代企业生产过程中,提高固废资源利用效率,逐步实现资源化利用,减少环境污染,降低运营成本,形成绿色循环和可持续发展理念,成为时代发展的主题,也是企业应尽的社会责任。