Gli1在幽门螺杆菌相关胃癌及癌前病变中的表达及意义

目的探讨脑胶质瘤相关同原癌基因1(Gli1)在幽门螺杆菌(H.pylori)相关胃癌及癌前病变中的表达及意义。方法采用改良Giemsa染色法对160例胃癌及癌前病变组织进行H.pylori检测并分组;免疫组织化学二步法检测各组标本中Gli1蛋白的表达;分析H.pylori感染与Gli1蛋白表达的关系。结果 Gli1蛋白在胃癌及癌前病变各组间表达有显著差异(H=39.85,P0.001),胃癌组显著高于慢性浅表性胃炎及化生性萎缩性胃炎组(P均0.001),胃癌组与异型增生组比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05);各病变组再分为H.pylori阴性及阳性亚组,在化生性萎缩性胃炎组中,H.pylori阳性亚组Gli1的表达显著高于H.pylori阴性亚组,其余病变组中,H.pylori阴性及阳性组间无显著差异(P0.05)。结论 Gli1蛋白在胃癌组织中异常高表达;H.pylori感染可能在胃黏膜癌前病变阶段上调Gli1蛋白的表达,以促进胃黏膜癌变的发生。     

早期胃癌和进展期胃癌患者幽门螺杆菌感染与胃黏膜组织学特点的关系

背景幽门螺杆菌(H.pylori)感染已被确认为慢性胃炎的主要病因,由慢性非萎缩性胃炎、慢性萎缩性胃炎至肠化生,经过数十年最终可能导致胃癌发生。目的评价H.pylori感染与胃镜检查正常者、慢性胃炎、早期胃癌和进展期胃癌患者胃黏膜组织学特点的关系。方法在受检者胃窦大弯侧、胃体大弯侧和胃角处各取一块黏膜活检标本,以Giemsa染色和免疫组化染色检测H.pylori感染情况;以HE染色评价胃黏膜炎症、活动性、萎缩和肠化生情况。结果慢性胃炎、早期胃癌和进展期胃癌患者的总体H.pylori感染率均显著高于胃镜检查正常者(52.4%、52.4%和81.2%对44.9%,P<0.05),慢性胃炎与早期胃癌患者的感染率无显著差异,但均显著低于进展期胃癌患者(P<0.05)。胃镜检查正常和慢性胃炎组H.pylori感染者的胃黏膜炎症、活动性、萎缩和肠化生检出率均显著高于无感染者(P<0.05);早期胃癌和进展期胃癌组H.pylori感染者的炎症活动性检出率显著高于无感染者(P<0.05),而炎症、萎缩和肠化生检出率与无感染者无显著差异。结论由H.pylori感染引起的胃黏膜慢性炎症、萎缩和肠化生可能在胃癌的发生、发展过程中起直接或间接作用。     

紧密连接蛋白Occludin及ZO-1在根除幽门螺杆菌慢性胃炎组织中的表达

目的观察闭锁蛋白(Occludin)及闭锁小带蛋白(zonula occludens-1,ZO-1)在根除幽门螺杆菌(Helicobacter pylori,H.pylori)慢性胃炎组织中的表达变化,探讨其与患者临床病理及预后的关系。方法采用免疫组织化学法检测H.pylori阴性正常人(25例)、根除H.pylori前后慢性浅表性胃炎(30例)及慢性萎缩性胃炎(30例)患者胃窦黏膜标本中Occludin、ZO-1的蛋白表达。结果 H.pylori阴性的正常人胃黏膜Occludin、ZO-1蛋白表达较H.pylori阳性慢性胃炎患者高,差异有统计学意义(P0.05),H.pylori阳性的慢性浅表性胃炎组织Occludin及ZO-1蛋白表达较慢性萎缩性胃炎增强,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);H.pylori根除治疗后,慢性浅表性胃炎组织中Occludin及ZO-1表达量较治疗前增强(P0.05),慢性萎缩性胃炎组织Occludin、ZO-1表达无明显变化(P0.05);H.pylori未根除患者,Occludin及ZO-1蛋白变化差异无显著性(P0.05)。结论 H.pylori阳性的慢性胃炎患者胃黏膜屏障受损,萎缩发生前根除H.pylori治疗可提高Occludin及ZO-1蛋白表达,进而修复H.pylori引起的胃黏膜损伤。     

PTTG、c-Myc及Ki67在胃癌中的表达及相关性研究

目的检测PTTG、c-Myc及Ki67在胃癌、慢性萎缩性胃炎及正常胃黏膜中的表达，研究三者在胃癌表达中的相关性，探讨三者对胃癌发生、发展、转移、预后的影响及机制。方法采用免疫组织化学SP法检测PTTG、c-Myc及Ki67在60例胃癌组织、20例慢性萎缩性胃炎和10例正常胃黏膜中的表达。结果PTTG、c-Myc及Ki67表达在正常胃黏膜、慢性萎缩性胃炎及胃癌组织中差异均有显著性（P〈0．05）；按胃癌的临床病理特征分类，三者的表达均与胃癌的病理组织学分级、临床分期及淋巴结转移有关（P〈0．05），而与组织学类型无关（P〉0．05）。三者在胃癌中的表达强度呈显著正相关（P〈0．05）。H．pylori阳性的慢性萎缩性胃炎中PTTG、c-Myc及Ki67的表达均强于H．pylori阴性者。结论PTTG、c-Myc及Ki67参与了正常胃黏膜、胃癌前病变至胃癌的转化过程，三者在胃癌的发生发展中可能有协同作用，均可作为判定胃癌恶性程度，评估其侵袭性及转移的分子生物学指标。三者的表达可能与H．pylori感染有关。     

不同病变胃组织端粒酶活性及其与幽门螺杆菌感染的关系

目的:分析不同病变胃粘膜端粒酶活性的差异及其与幽门螺杆菌(H.Pylori)感染的关系,探讨端粒酶活性、H.pylori感染与胃粘膜癌变的关系.方法:应用端粒重复扩增法测定正常胃粘膜、癌前病变和胃癌组织中的端粒酶活性,用酶免疫法检测H.Pylori感染患者的血清H.Pylori-CagA-IgG水平,并分析端粒酶活性与H.Pylori-CagA-IgG水平的关系.结果:172例胃镜活检标本中,正常胃粘膜、浅表性胃炎、慢性萎缩性胃炎无肠化、伴1度、2度肠化和胃癌组织的端粒酶阳性率分别为0%、0%、0%、25%、37.5%和88.89%.45例手术切除的胃癌组织和相应的非癌胃组织也呈相似结果.正常胃粘膜、浅表性胃炎、慢性萎缩性胃炎无肠化及伴1度、2度肠化组织的H.pylori阳性率分别为0%、52.17%、60%、70%和75%.45例手术切除胃癌的非癌胃组织无肠化、伴1度、2度肠化的H.pylori感染强度分别为10.8±9.6个/50腺体、41.3±31.1个/50腺体和86.4±47.8个/50腺体.慢性浅表性胃炎患者的H.Py-lori-CagA-IgG抗体水平显著低于胃癌患者(P＜0.01),22例H.pylori阳性胃癌患者感染的H.pylori全部为cagA阳性菌株,其非癌胃粘膜有12例呈现端粒酶活性(54.55%);相反H.pylori阳性的22例慢性浅表性胃炎患者感染的H.Pylori只有8例为cagA阳性菌株(36.36%),其胃粘膜均未呈现端粒酶活性.结论:正常胃粘膜和浅表性胃炎不表达端粒酶活性,萎缩性胃炎的端粒酶活性随肠化进展而增高,胃癌组织中端粒酶活性最高,阳性率达88%以上.胃癌患者非癌胃粘膜中的端粒酶活性与肠化程度、H.Pylori感染强度呈平行关系,且感染的H.Pylori多为cagA阳性菌株;而慢性浅表性胃炎感染的H.pylori多为cagA阴性菌株.端粒酶活性检测可作为胃粘膜癌变的早期预测指标,cagA阳性的H.Pylori感染可能是端粒酶重新激活的启动信号.     

幽门螺杆菌感染对老年人胃黏膜环氧合酶-2表达的影响及意义

目的:评估幽门螺杆菌(H pylori)感染对老年人胃黏膜COX-2表达的影响及意义.方法:取不同阶段的胃黏膜病变共200例,用速尿素酶试验结合组织学Giemsa染色或14C尿素呼气试验检测胃黏膜H pylori感染状况,应用免疫组织化学检测胃黏膜上皮细胞COX-2的表达.结果:不同组织类型H pylori检出率以胃癌最高,其次为不典型增生(AH)和肠上皮化生(IM).COX-2在慢性浅表性胃炎(CSG)、IM、AH和胃癌中的表达阳性率分别为8%、24%、46%和64%,呈递增趋势,其阳性率胃癌与非癌组织相比差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01).同一类型 H pylori 阳性组COX-2的表达高于H pylori 阴性组,2组比较有显著性差异(P＜0.05).结论:COX-2表达上调与H pylori感染的胃黏膜的癌变有关,可能在癌前病变早期阶段起作用.     

幽门螺杆菌感染的萎缩性胃炎和胃癌组织中MIF的表达

目的检测幽门螺杆菌(Helicobacter pylori,H.pylori)阳性的萎缩性胃炎和胃癌组织中巨噬细胞移动抑制因子(macro-phage migration inhibitory factor,MIF)的表达,探讨MIF表达和H.pylori感染与萎缩性胃炎和胃癌发病机制的可能联系。方法收集萎缩性胃炎和胃癌组织各60例为实验组,正常胃黏膜25例为对照组,用快速尿素酶试验、Warthin-Starry银染色法和14C呼气试验检测两组患者的幽门螺杆菌感染,用免疫组化和原位杂交技术检测两组组织中MIF和MIF mRNA的表达。结果萎缩性胃炎H.pylori阳性41例,其中MIF和MIF mRNA表达阳性分别为38例和37例,阳性率分别为92.7%和90.2%。胃癌组织中H.pylori阳性55例,其中MIF和MIF mRNA表达阳性分别为52例和51例,阳性率分别为94.5%和92.7%,以上结果与对照组比较,存在显著性差异(P0.001)。结论 MIF表达和H.pylori感染可能与萎缩性胃炎和胃癌的发生有一定的联系。     

慢性萎缩性胃炎患者幽门螺杆菌根除后胃黏膜G细胞数量和血清胃泌素含量的变化

背景:幽门螺杆菌(H.pylori)感染是慢性萎缩性胃炎(CAG)最重要的致病因素,根除H.pylori能否阻止或逆转胃黏膜萎缩目前尚不清楚.目的:通过观察CAG患者H.pylori根除前后胃黏膜G细胞数量和血清胃泌素含量的变化,探讨H.pylori感染对胃黏膜G细胞数量及其分泌功能的影响.方法:60例H.pylori阳性的CAG患者进行了根除治疗,在治疗前和治疗结束3个月后分别行胃镜检查.采用免疫组织化学法和放射免疫分析法测定H.pylori根除前后胃窦黏膜G细胞数量和血清胃泌素含量.结果:31例H.pylori感染的CAG患者在根除治疗3个月后进行了复查,根除率为77.4%.G细胞数量和血清胃泌素含量随胃黏膜萎缩程度的加重而逐渐显著减少(P<0.01).轻度萎缩组H.pylori根除后G细胞数量与治疗前相比无显著差异(P<0.05),而升高的血清胃泌素含量显著降低(P<0.01);中、重度萎缩组H.pylori根除后减少的G细胞数量显著增加(P<0.05),血清胃泌素含量呈上升趋势(P<0.05).结论:CAG患者根除H.pylori后胃黏膜G细胞数量及其合成、分泌胃泌素的功能可出现恢复性变化,可能有助于阻断CAG的进一步发展.     

胃癌组织中过氧化物酶体增殖因子活化受体γ和维甲酸受体α的表达及意义

目的：研究过氧化物酶体增殖因子活化受体γ（PPARγ）和维甲酸受体α（RXRα）在慢性胃炎、胃黏膜不典型增生及胃癌组织中的表达,探讨PPARγ和RXRα在该演进序列中的意义及相关性。方法：采用ABC免疫组化法,检测53例胃癌手术标本中PPARγ和RXRα的表达,同时随机选取18例胃黏膜不典型增生、31例慢性非萎缩性胃炎及30例慢性萎缩性胃炎作对照研究。结果：PPARγ和RXRα于胃癌中的表达率为41．5％和54．7R％,在胃黏膜不典型增生为27．8％和38．9％,慢性萎缩性胃炎中为10．0％和20．0％,慢性非萎缩性胃炎中为6．5％和16．1％;从慢性胃炎、胃黏膜不典型增生到胃癌,PPARγ和RXRα阳性呈递增趋势;与慢性胃炎相比,胃黏膜不典型增生及胃癌中PPARγ和RXRα的表达率均显著升高（P＜0．05,P＜0．01）;PPARγ和RXRα表达与胃癌有无淋巴结转移及胃癌的分化程度无相关性（P＞0．05）;胃癌中PPARγ和RXRα的表达呈显著正相关（r＝0．54）。结论：PPARγ和RXRα于胃癌及胃癌前病变中表达上调,可能是胃癌发生过程中的早期事件。     

~(13)C-尿素呼气试验、血清胃蛋白酶原在慢性萎缩性胃炎筛查中价值的初探

背景:慢性萎缩性胃炎为胃癌的癌前病变。幽门螺杆菌(Hp)能引起胃黏膜细胞的慢性炎症,促使血液中胃蛋白酶原(PG)含量发生变化,从而反映胃黏膜萎缩状态,为诊断萎缩性胃炎提供依据。~(13)C-尿素呼气试验是一种应用广泛的Hp感染检测方法。目的:探讨~(13)C-尿素呼气试验、血清PG在慢性萎缩性胃炎筛查中的应用价值。方法:选取2016年10月—2017年10月在上海电力医院行胃镜病理检查诊断为慢性胃炎的164例患者,分为慢性萎缩性胃炎组和慢性非萎缩性胃炎组,以病理学结果评估Hp感染情况。比较慢性胃炎Hp阳性和阴性亚组中血清PGⅠ、PGⅡ和PGⅠ/PGⅡ比值(PGR)以及肠化生情况,并评估~(13)C-尿素呼气试验判断Hp感染的准确性。结果:慢性萎缩性胃炎Hp阳性和阴性亚组血清PGⅠ水平和PGR均显著低于慢性非萎缩性胃炎Hp阳性和Hp阴性亚组(P0.05);而PGⅡ水平无明显差异(P0.05)。慢性萎缩性胃炎Hp阳性亚组血清PGⅠ、PGⅡ显著高于Hp阴性亚组(P0.05),PGR显著降低(P0.05),肠化生率显著升高(P0.05)。~(13)C-尿素呼气试验诊断Hp阳性的总体准确率为96.3%,敏感性为96.6%,特异性为96.1%。结论:Hp感染与血清PG含量变化有一定相关性,Hp感染可提高慢性萎缩性胃炎的肠化生率。~(13)C-尿素呼气试验是一种无创、有效的Hp感染检测方法。~(13)C-尿素呼气试验、血清PG检测可为胃癌及其癌前病变的早期诊断和治疗提供有价值的依据。     

Detection of H.pylori DNA in gastric epithelial cells by in situ hybridization

AIM: To investigate the presence of H.pylori DNA within gastric epithelial cells in patients with H.pylori infection and its possible carcinogenic mechanism. METHODS: Total 112 patients, with pathologically confirmed chronic superficial gastritis, chronic atrophic gastritis, intestinal metaplasia, atypical hyperplasia or gastric cancer were studied. Among them, 28 were H.pylori negative and 84 H.pylori positive. H.pylori DNA in gastric epithelial cells was detected by GenPoint catalyzed signal amplification system for in situ hybridization. RESULTS: In the H.pylori positive group, zero out of 24 chronic superficial gastritis (0.0%), four out of 25 precancerous changes (16.0%) and thirteen out of 35 gastric cancers (37.1%) showed H.pylori DNA in the nucleus of gastric epithelial cells, the positive rates of H.pylori DNA in the nucleus of gastric epithelial cells were progressively increased in chronic superficial gastritis, precancerous changes and gastric cancer groups (chi(2)=12.56, P=0.002); One out of 24 chronic superficial gastritis (4.2%), eleven out of 25 precancerous changes (44.0%) and thirteen out of 35 gastric cancers (37.1%) showed H.pylori DNA in the cytoplasm of gastric epithelial cells (chi(2)=10.86, P=0.004). In the H.pylori negative group, only one patient with gastric cancer was found H.pylori DNA in the nucleus of gastric epithelial cells; Only two patients, one patient with precancerous changes and another with gastric cancer, showed H.pylori DNA in the cytoplasm of gastric epithelial cells. Furthermore, H.pylori DNA must have been in the cytoplasm as long as it existed in the nucleus of gastric epithelial cells. CONCLUSION: H.pylori DNA exists both in the nucleus and the cytoplasm of gastric epithelial cells in patients with H.pylori infections. The pathological progression from chronic superficial gastritis, precancerous changes to gastric cancer is associated with higher positive rates of H.pylori DNA presence in the nucleus of gastric epithelial cells.     

Effect of Helicobacter pylori infection and its eradication on cell proliferation, DNA status, and oncogene expression in patients with chronic gastritis.

BACKGROUND: Helicobacter pylori, the main cause of chronic gastritis, is a class I gastric carcinogen. Chronic gastritis progresses to cancer through atrophy, metaplasia, and dysplasia. Precancerous phenotypic expression is generally associated with acquired genomic instability. AIM: To evaluate the effect of H pylori infection and its eradication on gastric histology, cell proliferation, DNA status, and oncogene expression. METHODS/SUBJECTS: Morphometric and immunohistochemical techniques were used to examine gastric mucosal biopsy specimens from eight controls, 10 patients with H pylori negative chronic gastritis, 53 with H pylori positive chronic gastritis, and 11 with gastric cancer. RESULTS: All patients with chronic gastritis were in a hyperproliferative state related to mucosal inflammation, regardless of H pylori infection. Atrophy was present in three of 10 patients with H pylori negative chronic gastritis and in 26 of 53 with H pylori positive chronic gastritis, associated in 18 with intestinal metaplasia. DNA content was abnormal in only 11 patients with atrophy and H pylori infection; eight of these also had c-Myc expression, associated in six cases with p53 expression. Fifty three patients with H pylori positive chronic gastritis were monitored for 12 months after antibiotic treatment: three dropped out; infection was eradicated in 45, in whom cell proliferation decreased in parallel with the reduction in gastritis activity; atrophy previously detected in 21/45 disappeared in five, regressed from moderate to mild in nine, and remained unchanged in seven; complete metaplasia disappeared in 4/14, and markers of genomic instability disappeared where previously present. In the five patients in whom H pylori persisted, atrophy, metaplasia, dysplasia, and markers of genomic instability remained unchanged. CONCLUSIONS: Chronic H pylori infection seems to be responsible for genomic instability in a subset of cases of H pylori positive chronic atrophic gastritis; eradication of H pylori infection can reverse inflammation and the related atrophy, metaplasia, and genomic instability.     

alkB基因在胃癌和萎缩性胃炎黏膜组织中的表达改变

背景:DNA或RNA分子异常甲基化导致的抑癌基因沉默、突变或其他功能性障碍是胃癌发生的关键机制之一。最近研究发现alkB基因产物具有修复DNA和mRNA碱基异常甲基化、纠正基因突变、复制转录障碍等功能,但对其在胃癌及其癌前病变组织中的表达情况尚不了解。目的:探讨alkB基因在胃癌及其癌前病变组织中的表达改变。方法:收集11例胃癌、癌旁和远离癌灶正常黏膜组织以及107例慢性萎缩性胃炎和121例非萎缩性胃炎患者的内镜活检黏膜,应用基因表达谱芯片实验评估alkB基因在各组织中的表达。以逆转录聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)检验上述结果。结果:与远离癌灶正常黏膜组织相比,alkB基因在胃癌中的表达降低(Ratio值为0.208);与非萎缩性胃炎黏膜组织相比,alkB基因在萎缩性胃炎黏膜组织中的表达降低(Ratio值为0.378);而alkB基因在癌旁和远离癌灶正常黏膜组织中的表达无显著差异(Ratio值为0.726)。结论:alkB基因在胃癌和萎缩性胃炎黏膜组织中的表达下调,可能参与了胃癌发生过程中基因甲基化紊乱的机制。alkB基因是有潜在研究价值的分子靶标。     

Gastric epithelial cell kinetics in the progression from normal mucosa to gastric carcinoma.

Increased epithelial cell proliferation is associated with an increased risk of adenocarcinoma and is associated with Helicobacter pylori infection. The aim of this study was to assess both gastric epithelial cell proliferation and the influence of H pylori infection on cell kinetics in the progression from normal mucosa to gastric carcinoma. One hundred and forty four subjects were assigned to study groups based on diagnosis and H pylori status: microscopically normal mucosa and H pylori negative (n = 28); chronic active gastritis and H pylori positive (n = 83); atrophic gastritis (n = 9); intestinal metaplasia (n = 19); gastric carcinoma (n = 12). Gastric antral epithelial cell proliferation was assessed using the in vitro bromodeoxyuridine immunohistochemical technique and expressed as the labelling index per cent (LI%). Subjects with chronic atrophic gastritis, intestinal metaplasia or gastric cancer have increased gastric epithelial cell proliferation compared with normal mucosa (LI% mean (SEM): 5.14 (0.6), 4.68 (0.3), 6.50 (0.5) v 3.08 (0.2), p < 0.001). This increase in gastric epithelial cell proliferation was not influenced by H pylori status. Gastritis associated with H pylori had an increased LI% compared with normal controls or subjects with H pylori negative gastritis (4.98 (0.2) v 3.08 (0.2), 3.83 (0.2), p < 0.01). H pylori infection although associated with an increased epithelial cell proliferation in subjects with chronic gastritis, does not influence the increased epithelial cell proliferation seen in subjects with precancerous lesions or gastric carcinoma. This is further evidence that H pylori may be an initiating step in gastric carcinogenesis.     

幽门螺杆菌相关性胃炎和胃癌前期病变的发病机制

幽门螺杆菌（H．pylori）感染诱发胃黏膜的炎症反应是引起一切病变的基础，并且它在慢性胃炎→萎缩性胃炎→胃黏膜肠上皮化生→不典型增生→胃癌的演变过程中至始至终起作用，因此H．priori相关性胃炎是H．priori致病的启动因子。H．priori感染可引起胃黏膜局部固有和获得性免疫异常，炎症介质的释放、ROS和NO含量的异常，胃上皮细胞增殖与凋亡失衡，端粒酶及相关基因表达异常。这些因素综合作用引起胃黏膜炎症，并且由其发展为胃癌前病变，最终导致胃癌发生。     

胃黏膜病变演化过程中抗氧化蛋白Peroxiredoxin6的表达及其与幽门螺杆菌感染的关系

目的探讨胃黏膜病变演化过程中抗氧化蛋白Peroxiredoxin 6(Prx6)表达水平变化及其与幽门螺杆菌(H.pylori)感染的关系。方法根据组织形态学将104例临床内镜检查活检标本分为慢性浅表性胃炎(33例)、慢性萎缩性胃炎(25例)、肠上皮化生(32例)及异型增生(14例)4组。用免疫组织化学方法检测组织标本中Prx6的表达水平。用快速尿素酶试验及Warthin-Starry银染检测H.pylori感染。结果 Prx6在慢性浅表性胃炎、慢性萎缩性胃炎、肠上皮化生、异型增生组的阳性表达率分别为39.4%(13/33)、80.0%(20/25)、93.8%(30/32)、92.9%(13/14),过表达率分别为15.2%(5/33)、44.0%(11/25)、81.3%(26/32)、85.7%(12/14)。慢性浅表性胃炎、慢性萎缩性胃炎组H.pylori阳性者Prx6阳性表达率显著高于H.pylori阴性者(P<0.05),肠上皮化生组Prx6的表达在H.pylori阳性者和阴性者无显著差异(P>0.05)。结论在胃黏膜病变演化过程中,Prx6的表达随着胃黏膜病变的进展而增加,H.pylori在胃黏膜病变演化的早期阶段促进了Prx6的表达。     

Possibility of non-invasive diagnosis of gastric mucosal precancerous changes

AIM: To assess the possibility of non-invasive screening of atrophic chronic gastritis for preventing further development of gastric cancer. METHODS: One hundred and seventy-eight consecutive Helicobacter pylori (H pylori)-positive dyspeptic patients after detection of serum levels of pepsinogen-1 (PG-1) and gastrin-17 (G-17) by enzyme immunoassay were proposed for endoscopy and histology. The serologic and morphologic results were compared with estimating the sensitivity, specificity and prognostic values of the tests. RESULTS: There was statistically significant reverse dependence between the grade of stomach mucosal antral or corpus atrophy and the proper decreasing of serum G17 or PG1 levels. The serologic method was quite sensitive in the diagnosis of non-atrophic and severe antral and corpus gastritis. Also, it was characterized by the high positive and negative prognostic values. CONCLUSION: Detection of serum G-17 and PG1 levels can be offered as the screening tool for atrophic gastritis. The positive serologic results require further chromoendoscopy with mucosal biopsy, for revealing probable progressing of atrophic process with development of intestinal metaplasia, dysplasia or gastric cancer.     

胃黏膜癌变过程中表皮生长因子受体、环氧合酶-2和三叶因子1的表达及其意义

胃黏膜癌变过程中存在癌基因激活和抑癌基因失活所致的细胞无限增殖和凋亡抑制，因此联合检测细胞增殖和凋亡相关因子对揭示胃黏膜的变化规律具有重要意义。目的：探讨表皮生长因子受体（EGFR）、环氧合酶（COX）．2和三叶因子（TFF）1在胃黏膜癌变过程中的变化规律及其意义。方法：经病理检查确诊的19例慢性非萎缩性胃炎、19例慢性萎缩性胃炎、18例慢性萎缩性胃炎伴肠化生、16例异型增生和16例胃腺癌纳入研究。以免疫组化方法检测各病变组织中EGFR、COX-2和TFF1的表达，并分析其间的相关性。结果：EGFR在非萎缩性胃炎组织中的表达显著低于其他胃黏膜病变组织（P〈0．01）；从非萎缩性胃炎→萎缩性胃炎→肠化生→异型增生→胃癌，COX-2的表达逐渐增高，而TFF1的表达逐渐减低。EGFR与COX-2的表达呈正相关（P〈0．01），与TFF1的表达呈负相关（P〈0．01）：COX-2与TFF1的表达呈负相关（P〈0．01）。结论：细胞增殖和凋亡相关因子EGFR、COX-2和TFF1表达异常在胃黏膜癌变过程中发挥重要作用。     

Cell proliferation in Helicobacter pylori associated gastritis and the effect of eradication therapy.

Helicobacter pylori causes chronic (type B) gastritis. The 'intestinal' form of gastric cancer arises against a background of chronic gastritis, and prospective epidemiological studies have shown that H pylori is a major risk factor for this. An increase in mucosal cell proliferation increases the likelihood of a neoplastic clone of epithelial cells emerging where there is chronic epithelial cell injury associated with H pylori gastritis. In vitro bromodeoxyuridine labelling of endoscopic antral biopsy specimens was used to measure mucosal cell proliferation in H pylori associated gastritis before and after therapy for H pylori triple infection. Cell proliferation was increased in H pylori associated gastritis patients compared with normal controls and patients with H pylori negative chronic gastritis (p = 0.0001; Tukey's Studentised range). There was no difference in antral epithelial cell proliferation between duodenal ulcer and non-ulcer subjects infected with H pylori (p = 0.62; Student's t test). Antral mucosal cell proliferation fell four weeks after completing triple therapy, irrespective of whether or not H pylori had been eradicated (p = 0.0001). At retesting six to 18 months later (mean = 12 months), however, those in whom H pylori had not been successfully eradicated showed increased mucosal proliferation compared with both H pylori negative subjects at a similar follow up interval and all cases (whether H pylori positive or negative) four weeks after completion of triple therapy (p = 0.024). These findings suggest that H pylori infection causes increased gastric cell proliferation and in this way may play a part in gastric carcinogenesis.     

Prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection and gastric cancer precursor lesions in patients with dyspepsia

BACKGROUND: Helicobacter pylori infection has been considered to play significant role in gastric carcinogenesis, but only a minority of people who harbor this organism will develop gastric cancer. H. pylori infection first causes chronic non atrophic gastritis. Chronic non atrophic gastritis may evolve to atrophic gastritis and intestinal metaplasia and finally to dysplasia and adenocarcinoma. AIMS: To estimate the prevalence of H. pylori infection and the precancerous gastric lesions and their relationship, in patients with dyspeptic symptoms who underwent upper gastrointestinal endoscopy at a reference center in the central region of Rio Grande do Sul state, Brazil. METHODS: We analyzed gastric biopsies taken from corpus and antrum of patients who underwent upper gastrointestinal endoscopy for H. pylori detection, between 1994 and 2003. According to Sydney system, chronic non atrophic gastritis, atrophic gastritis and intestinal metaplasia were diagnosed by histological examination (H-E stain). The histological diagnoses were related to H. pylori infection status. RESULTS: Biopsies from 2,019 patients were included in the study. Patients mean age was 52 (+/-15) and 59% were female. Seventy six percent had H. pylori infection. Normal mucosa, chronic non atrophic gastritis, atrophic gastritis and intestinal metaplasia were diagnosed in 5%, 77%, 3% and 15%, respectively. The OR for any degree of gastric mucosa lesion in infected patients was 10 (CI95% 6.50 - 17%). The OR for infected patients had chronic non atrophic gastritis was 3 (CI95% 2,2 - 3,4). The OR for infected patients had atrophic gastritis or intestinal metaplasia was less than 1. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of H. pylori infection in this population was high (76%) and infected individuals had the probability 10 folds greater than non infected individuals to have any lesion of gastric mucosa. The prevalence of precancerous lesions was 77% for non atrophic chronic gastritis, 3% for atrophic gastritis and 15% for intestinal metaplasia. Infected patients had risk 3 folds greater than non-infected for the occurrence of non atrophic chronic gastritis. H. pylori infection did not show risk for occurrence of atrophic gastritis and intestinal metaplasia, suggesting that other risk factors should be involved in the carcinogenesis process.