湿化学法制备纳米WO3粉体的研究进展

综述了目前国内外湿化学法制备纳米WO3粉体的主要方法:水解法、沉淀法、溶胶-凝胶法、水热合成法及微乳液法,并对各种制备方法的优缺点进行了简要的讨论.与传统方法相比,湿化学法制备的纳米WO3粉体更细且粒径分布可控、均匀性及分散性好.     

湿化学法制备纳米WO3粉体的研究进展

综述了目前国内外湿化学法制备纳米WO3粉体的主要方法：水解法、沉淀法、溶胶-凝胶法、水热合成法及微乳液法，并对各种制备方法的优缺点进行了简要的讨论。与传统方法相比，湿化学法制备的纳米WO3粉体更细且粒径分布可控、均匀性及分散性好。     

不同干燥工艺制备CaO-ZrO_2复合氧化物粉体及粉体性能表征

采用烘箱干燥、乙醇脱水－烘箱干燥及乙醇脱水－超临界流体干燥三种工艺对共沉淀制备的ＣａＯ－ＺｒＯ２复合水凝胶进行脱水处理，考察了干燥工艺对产品粉体性能的影响。结果表明，有机溶剂置换－超临界流体干燥法制备的粉体比表面积和比孔体积都比较大，粒径较小且分布均匀，作为陶瓷及催化材料性能明显优于其他两种方法制备的粉体     

湿化学法制备高比表面积纳米氧化铝粉体

分别采用溶胶-凝胶法、超声-化学沉淀法、反相微乳液法合成了具有不同比表面积的纳米A12O3粉体。采用扫描电子显微镜、透射电子显微镜、比表面积分析仪等表征手段,分别对产物的形貌、比表面积和孔容进行了表征和对比。纳米A12O3粉体的比表面积为200～600m2/g(随合成方法和反应参数不同发生变化),均属γ-Al2O3,粒径均匀。考察了不同的合成方法以及干燥方式等关键参数对产物比表面积等物理性质的影响。结果表明,采用反相微乳液法结合真空冷冻干燥技术可以合成比表面积大于500m2/g的高比表面积纳米氧化铝粉体。     

湿化学法制备高比表面积纳米氧化铝粉体

分别采用溶胶-凝胶法、超声-化学沉淀法、反相微乳液法合成了具有不同比表面积的纳米Al2O3粉体。采用TEM、HRTEM、SAED、XRD、比表面积分析等表征手段,分别对产物的形貌、结构、比表面积和孔容进行了表征和对比。纳米Al2O3粉体的比表面积为200～600m2/g(随合成方法和反应参数不同发生变化),均属γ-Al2O3,粒径均匀。考察了不同合成方法以及干燥方式对产物比表面积等物理性质的影响。结果表明,采用反相微乳液法结合真空冷冻干燥技术可以合成比表面积500m2/g的纳米Al2O3粉体。     

超临界干燥制备PSNB气凝胶及其超疏水性能研究

以聚硼硅氮烷为原料,二乙烯苯为交联剂,通过硅氢加成反应结合超临界干燥工艺制备聚硼硅氮烷气凝胶。利用红外光谱、扫描电镜、比表面积与孔径分析仪对所制备气凝胶的形成及微观结构进行了分析,并通过接触角仪对样品的疏水性能进行了研究。结果表明:聚硼硅氮烷和二乙烯苯通过硅氢加成反应制得聚硼硅氮烷气凝胶;所制备的气凝胶的比表面积为307~458cm~2/g,孔体积为1.20~2.17cm~3/g,孔径分布为2.0~100nm,是一种具有三维网状结构的介孔材料,并具有超疏水性能,且当起始溶剂体积分数为85%时,气凝胶疏水性能最佳,接触角为151.5°。     

Si02气凝胶微球的制备及表征

以正硅酸乙酯（TEOS）为先驱体制备硅溶胶,再以硅油为分散介质,在吐温80为乳化剂的油相与SiO2溶胶为水相的乳化体系中,应用雾化法和乳液成球技术制备微米级SiO2凝胶小球,然后,通过超临界CO2干燥技术制备微米级siO2气凝胶小球,用光学显微镜、SEM、红外光谱（FT—IR）及cBET技术对其表征,结果表明,微米及SiO2气凝胶小球表观粒径较为均匀,平均粒径约为30μm,密度为216kg／m2,平均孔径6．72nm,BET比表面积为802．35m2／g,孔体积为1．15cm3／g,是一种具有典型气凝胶结构的微粒状轻质纳米多孔材料。     

亚临界干燥制备疏水SiO_2气凝胶

以Ｅ－４０（多聚硅氧烷）为硅源、三甲基氯硅烷的异丁醇溶液为干燥介质,用溶胶凝胶法,在亚临界条件下制备出疏水的ＳｉＯ２气凝胶．通过ＳＥＭ、孔径分布、比表面积、接触角以及红外光谱的测试对其物性进行了研究．结果表明,所制备的ＳｉＯ２气凝胶具有典型的纳米网络结构、比表面积大且具有疏水性能．亚临界干燥使得制备压力从６．４ＭＰａ降低到２．３ＭＰａ,降低了制备成本和风险,同时疏水性能提高了ＳｉＯ２气凝胶环境适应性,从而十分有利于气凝胶的商业应用．     

疏水性二氧化硅气凝胶性能表征

目前SiO2气凝胶是世界上最轻、隔热性最好、孔隙率较高且声传播速率较低的固体材料,由于其特殊的网络结构使其具有很多独特的性能,而制备疏水性气凝胶是解决常压干燥过程中体积收缩和开裂的关键.采用溶胶-凝胶法以三甲基氯硅烷(TMCS)为化学表面修饰剂通过衍生法制备了疏水性二氧化硅气凝胶,并利用X射线衍射光谱、扫描电镜、能量色散谱、透射电镜、红外光谱、差热-热重分析等测试方法对其结构、形貌及化学组成进行了分析.研究表明:该样品是表面连有疏水基团-CH3的疏水性SiO2气凝胶,且组成其连续网络结构的球状纳米粒子纯度较高、粒径均匀,是热稳定性较高的非晶、多孔、轻质纳米材料.     

超疏水性气凝胶粉体涂层的制备与性能

为提高建筑物表层的抗蚀性,将经三甲基氯硅烷(TMCS)改性过的疏水性SiO2气凝胶粉体溶于丙酮溶剂中,制成表面防护涂层。研究了不同温度对气凝胶疏水性能的影响,以及超疏水性气凝胶粉体涂层制备条件、涂刷于混凝土表层时对水的耐久性能;利用红外光谱和扫描电镜对其化学基团和微观形貌进行分析。实验结果表明,250℃以下时,气凝胶为超疏水性,之后随温度升高大幅度下降直到完全消失;涂刷次数与气凝胶在分散体系中的质量有关;冲刷时,涂层先由超疏水性变为疏水性,之后长时间保持不变,水浸泡不改变涂层的超疏水性。     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

The Research of Anti-Wear Properties of Organomolybdenum Compounds in the Engine Oils

A four-ball tester was used to evaluate the anti-wear performance of three kinds of organomolybdemun compounds in the engine oils, i. e., molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate (MoDDP), molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate ( MoDTC), and sulphur and phosphorus freeorganomolybdeum (Molybdate). The results indicate that a low concentration of MoDDP doesn' t improve the anti-wear properties of the commercial engine oils, but a high concentration of MoDDP can obviously improve the anti-wear properties and the load-carrying capacity of the engine oils. MoDTC doesn' t improve the antiwear properties of the engine oils, but worsens the anti-wear properties of the oils. Signifi can timprove ment of frictional and wear characteristics is obtained with Molybdate added in the commercial engine oils and the formulated oils.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Certification Becomes Important for the I Quality; and Safety Supervision of the Chinese Liquor Sector

The end of 2007, over 200 unit products of more than 80 Chinese firms have passed the quality grade certification for liquor products. These products involve distilled spirits, beer, wine, yellow wine, fruit syrup wine and others, and cover over 80% of the national top-branded liquor products.……     

Deposition and Coating Properties on CVD Tungsten

Surface characterization and microstructure studies are performed on chemical vapor deposited (CVD) tungsten coating. There is about 2 μm thickness diffusion layer of tungsten in the molybdenum substrate. The thermal shock test shows tungsten coating has good adhesion with molybdenum substrate, but the elements of oxygen and carbon in the tungsten coating have the bad affection to the adhesion. The result of high-temperature diffusion experiment is the diffusion rate from molybdenum substrate to tungsten coating is faster.     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Analysis of marine hydrobiont lipid extracts as possible cryoprotective agents

We studied a combined effect of the cryoprotectants both of lipid and carbohydrate origin at the presence of DMSO or without it on cell viability and the RNA synthesis in the embryonic mollusc and echinoderm cell cultures obtained at different developmental stages. Cryoprotective properties of exogenous lipids correlated with their thermotropic behavior. Lipid extracts from marine hydrobiontes, which thermal transitions are characterized by relatively small part of calorimetric thermogram area lying at temperatures above 0 °C (6–18%), were found to possess a considerable cryoprotective activity. The results are discussed in relation to the prediction of the cryoprotective activity of lipid extracts for marine animal cells. In addition, it was found that marine invertebrate cells can be cryopreserved without DMSO at the presence of trehalose and lipid extracts of some marine hydrobiontes.     

Low-Temperature Properties of Silver

Pure silver is used extensively in the preparation of high-temperature superconductor wires, tapes, films, and other configurations in which the silver not only shields the superconducting material from the surrounding materials, but also provides a degree of flexibility and strain relief, as well as stabilization and low-resistance electrical contact. Silver is relatively expensive, but at this stage of superconductor development, its unique combination of properties seems to offer the only reasonable means of achieving usable lengths of conductor. In this role, the low-temperature physical (electrical, thermal, magnetic, optical) and mechanical properties of the silver all become important. Here we present a collection of properties data extracted from the cryogenic literature and, to the extent possible, selected for reliability.