氟表面活性剂和氟聚合物(Ⅴ)——PFOS的短碳氟链替代品

主要介绍PFOS的短碳氟链替代品,分析短碳氟链产品作为替代品的可行性依据、性能和环境行为,进一步讨论短碳氟链替代品的研究进展和优化策略,并指出短碳氟链产品当前面临的问题。     

氟表面活性剂和氟聚合物(VIII)——含氟织物整理剂的发展及建议

介绍了含氟织物整理剂的国内外发展历程、我国的产业与市场现状等;从几个方面阐述了长碳氟链产品(主要是C8)的替代品,从环保及成本角度考虑复配型含氟织物整理剂具有很大的发展空间;并提出了发展含氟织物整理剂的建议。     

氟表面活性剂和氟聚合物(Ⅷ)——含氟织物整理剂的发展及建议

介绍了含氟织物整理剂的国内外发展历程、我国的产业与市场现状等;从几个方面阐述了长碳氟链产品(主要是C8)的替代品,从环保及成本角度考虑复配型含氟织物整理剂具有很大的发展空间;同时提出了发展含氟织物整理剂的建议。     

超声波降解全氟丁酸水溶液

全氟丁酸(PFBA)作为全氟辛烷磺酸基化合物(PFOs)和全氟辛酸化合物(PFOA)的替代品,相对于PFOS和PFOA,因水溶解度更大和碳链短等特点造成PFBA更难处理和代谢[1-2].     

氟表面活性剂和氟聚合物(Ⅳ)——PFOS问题的应对策略

碳氟链的特殊性质决定了某些氟烷基化合物在目前很多特殊场合是不可替代的,但传统的PFOS引发的环境及安全问题亟待解决。讨论了PFOS问题的若干解决办法,包括探索其降解方法或分离及循环使用方法或降低PFOS的使用浓度至规定限量以下,而根本解决之道还是寻求PFOS的替代品。从几个角度讨论了PFOS的替代品并对其应用的合理性进行了分析。     

氟表面活性剂和氟聚合物(IV)——PFOS问题的应对策略

碳氟链的特殊性质决定了某些氟烷基化合物在目前很多特殊场合是不可替代的，但传统的PFOS引发的环境及安全问题亟待解决。讨论了PFOS问题的若干解决办法，包括探索其降解方法或分离及循环使用方法、或降低PFOS的使用浓度至规定限量以下，而根本解决之道还是寻求PFOS的替代品。从几个角度讨论了PFOS的替代品并对其应用的合理性进行了分析。     

碳氟表面活性剂合成与应用研究

系统归纳了碳氟表面活性剂主要合成方法——电解氟化法、调聚法和齐聚法,对比分析了各种合成方法的优缺点及用于合成碳氟表面活性剂的重要中间体,探讨了其分子结构对生态环境的影响及其发展趋势,具有低生物积累性和低生物毒性的短链碳氟表面活性剂将是未来研究重点。阐述了碳氟表面活性剂在石油、消防等领域的应用现状。根据表面活性剂清洗含油钻屑的作用原理,提出了利用碳氟表面活性剂改变钻屑表面润湿性来清洗细粒含油钻屑的新思路。     

全氟丁基丙烯酸酯拒水剂的合成及其应用

以短碳链含氟单体N-甲基全氟丁基磺酰胺基乙基丙烯酸酯(C4氟酯)、甲基丙烯酸十八烷基酯（SMA）、甲基丙烯酸甲酯(MMA)和偏二氯乙烯(VDC)为聚合单体,采用半连续种子乳液聚合法制备了短碳链全氟丁基丙烯酸酯（PC4FA）共聚物乳液,并将其应用于织物整理上。采用FTIR、XPS表征了共聚物的结构和表面元素组成,利用AFM、SEM观察了短碳链全氟丁基丙烯酸酯拒水剂整理前后棉织物的表面形态变化。考察了拒水剂中含氟单体用量、拒水剂质量分数、焙烘温度和焙烘时间对织物拒水效果的影响。优化的整理工艺为：拒水剂中含氟单体质量分数为51.02%,拒水剂质量分数1.8%,焙烘温度180℃,焙烘时间5min。经该工艺整理后的棉织物对水的接触角可达142.5°,拒水等级为100分。     

CFCS的又一种替代品—氢氟聚醚

氟化流体因具有如下一些独特性能而被广泛使用：化学与生物惰性、无毒、稳定、不燃和可与大多数溶剂溶混。但是，氟化流体中许多都有能引起臭氧层耗损和全球变暖的作用，为此必须寻找可供使用的替代品。最近（化学技术）上发表的文章描述了全氟醚用作致冷剂替代品的特性。本文介绍已经合成的一类新的氟聚醚即氢氟聚醚（HFPEs），它们可望用作灭火剂和热交换流体。所研讨的分子中只含有CF20和CFZCF20两种单元的线型全氟聚醚主链端的二氟甲氧基中具有链端氢原子：HCF20－（CF20）u（CFZCF20）m－CFZH这类产品保持全氟流体的化学与热…     

双尾及多尾氟表面活性剂在有机溶剂中的表面活性研究

拟通过增加油溶性氟表面活性剂分子中碳氟链的数目,从而增大有机溶剂表面吸附层的碳氟链密度,以提高其降低有机溶剂表面张力的能力。合成了2个系列的氟表面活性剂:将全氟辛基磺酰氟与二胺(NH_2(CH_2)nNH_2,n=2,3,6,10)反应,合成以磺酰胺键为连接基、分子中含有2个碳氟链的油溶性氟表面活性剂;通过全氟辛酸与多元醇(乙二醇、1,2-丙二醇、丙三醇和季戊四醇)反应,合成以酯键为连接基、分子中分别含有2,3和4个碳氟链的油溶性氟表面活性剂。研究了这2个系列氟表面活性剂在乙醇、乙酸乙酯、丁酮以及乙醇-乙酸乙酯-丁酮三元混合溶剂中的表面活性,考察了氟表面活性剂分子结构、溶剂种类对表面活性的影响。结果显示,单纯增加碳氟链数目与降低表面张力之间不具有必然的依赖关系,分子整体构型也很重要,同时有机溶剂的种类对氟表面活性剂溶液的表面张力有显著影响。     

防晒化妆品功效性评价与发展趋势

综述了防晒化妆品的功效性评价方法及发展趋势。主要介绍了紫外线的危害及防晒剂的种类和作用机理,重点介绍了防晒化妆品的各种评价方法,主要包括SPF的人体测试法、仪器测试法、抗水性测试法以及UVA防护的人体测试法及体外测试法等,最后指出防晒剂及防晒化妆品的未来发展趋势。     

废PET醇解产物及在聚氨酯弹性体合成中的应用

以醋酸锌或3A分子筛为催化荆、一缩二乙二醇(DEG)为醇解剂,降解废聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET),得到PET醇解产物;再用此废PET醇解产物合成聚氨酯弹性体(PUEs).讨论了醇解催化剂种类、nDEG:nPET重复单元、醇解产物添加量对PUEs性能的影响,同时采用TIG、DSC、X-射线衍射等分析手段对PUEs进行表...     

美发用品的创新

论述了洗发水、护发素以及头发定型剂等美发用品的市场发展现状,并对其市场状况进行了分析。随着消费者消费意识的增强与消费水平的提高,护发素、发油和发膜等护发型产品将有飞速增长,而且更多的是着眼于发质的保护和护理,不再是单纯的头发受损后的修复、防止头发分叉等。指出,未来洗发水产品的主要潮流是向中高档、功能性和成分天然化的方向发展。     

废轮胎热裂解技术研究现状与进展

结合目前废旧轮胎资源化处理现状及研究成果,本文对热解机理、热解技术进行分析、对比,着重介绍了热解温度、升温速率、物料粒径、催化剂等工艺参数对热解产物产率的影响,分析表明Coast-Redfern积分法所得动力学模型较准确,平均反应活化能为129.5kJ/mol;现有的研究表明,热解温度对产物产率影响最大,气相产物与液相产物产率随温度升高而增加,其中液相产物产率相对较高的热解温度在500~550℃范围内,固相产物品质较高的热解温度在500~650℃范围内。其次对其固、液、气三相产物特性及应用和污染物（S、PAHs）的分布与控制方法做了归纳总结,为废旧轮胎热解技术向工业化发展提供技术依据。     

发用定型剂配方原理与组成(Ⅰ)--概述及组成

介绍了发用定型剂的主要分类、特点及质量评价方法;简要综述了定型剂各组成的特点、物质选择及研究现状,指出定型剂配方的关键为选用合适的合成高分子聚合物作定型树脂,为满足环保和忡能要求,选用水作溶剂、二甲醚作喷射剂和高阳离子性聚季铵盐作调理剂是定型剂的发展趋势。     

Fatty alcohols through hydroxylation of symmetrical alkenes with selenium dioxide/tert.-butylhydroperoxide

Several symmetrical alkenes were reacted with the selenium dioxide/tert.-butylhydroperoxide system to give three hydroxylated products each. These products were those of allylic mono- and dihydroxylation (meso andthreo dihydroxy compounds) of the double bond. Some dihydroxy products were hydrogenated to give saturated 1,4-diols. The compounds were characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance. The products have potential for application in commercial products, such as biodiesel, lubricants, greases, and cosmetics.     

果蔬农药残留清洗研究

挑选市面上3类生物酶类果蔬清洗剂(标记为产品A,B和C)和碱性果蔬清洗剂进行相关农药残留降解实验。利用UPLC-UV测试3种农药的残留量,分析了常见的果蔬农药残留降解剂的作用效果,同时对比了不同反应时间和温度下4种不同农药残留果蔬清洗剂降解效果的影响。     

PVC在压延制品中的应用

介绍了PVC压延制品生产工艺及设备及其在粮食储藏膜、无滴大棚膜、喷绘广告布、水床膜、防渗土工膜、包装膜、地板革、人造革、炕布革、塑料抗菌制品等方面的应用。     

High conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) content in milk and dairy products using a dietary supplementation of sunflower seed in cows. Thrombogenic/atherogenic risk issues

This study was undertaken to determine the effect of dietary supplementation of sunflower seed in cows on the chemical composition of milk and dairy products. Cream, butter and butter oil were prepared from milk produced by cows fed a control diet (control products) or diet supplemented with 11.2% sunflour seed (CLA-rich products). Milk samples collected were determined for lactose. A sample of CLA-rich or control product was determined for fatty acid profile as well as fat, protein and ash contents. The index of atherogenicity (IA) and the index of thrombogenicity (IT) were also calculated. Results revealed that there was no effect of the inclusion of sunflower seed in the diet on the lactose content in milk and total fat, protein and ash contents in the dairy products. Average contents of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) and transvaccenic acid (TVA), expressed as g/100g total fatty acid were 0.54 and 1.6, respectively in the control products, and 2 and 6.4, respectively in the CLA-rich products. The content of either CLA or TVA was approximately four fold higher in the latter products. Moreover, CLA-rich products showed considerably low IA and IT, which were, respectively, 38.4 and 25.0% less than those from control products. Fatty acid profiles were unaffected during processing, which demonstrates that CLA is a stable component in the dairy products analyzed. It was concluded that dietary supplementation of sunflower seed in cows increases the CLA and TVA contents in milk, which may contribute to the reduction of the risk of cardiovascular diseases in humans.     

Quaternization of Cotton Stalks and Palm Tree Particles for Removal of Acid Dye from Aqueous Solutions

Cotton stalks and palm tree were independently grounded, washed thoroughly, and dried at ambient conditions. The cellulose of the obtained products was reacted with diepoxypropyl dimethyl ammonium chloride (III) along with 2-hydroxy-1,3-bis [(epoxypropyl dimethyl ammonium chloride) propane (IV)], thereby giving rise to quaternized products. Compounds III and IV were the resultants of activation with NaOH of a quaternizing agent known commercially as Refaktam K. Quaternization was carried out under different conditions, including material-to-liquor ratio, concentration of the activated Refaktam K, and time and temperature of the reaction. Nitrogen contents of the reaction products were taken as a measure of the extent of the reaction. Also reported was a thorough investigation into the ability of the quaternized products for acid dye adsorption by virture of their cationic nature. The adsorption data obey the Langmuir and Freundlish isotherms. It was further disclosed that the cationic products examined serve as excellent adsorbents for acid dye.