扫频超声波预处理对玉米醇溶蛋白酶解特性的影响

目的:研究扫频式超声波预处理对玉米醇溶蛋白酶解特性的影响。方法:以ACE抑制活性和水解度为指标,考察扫频超声波对玉米醇溶蛋白制备ACE抑制肽酶解特性的影响;研究经扫频超声处理后,玉米醇溶蛋白二级结构、表面形貌、酶解产物氨基酸组成等特性的变化。结论:扫频超声波预处理玉米醇溶蛋白后,其水解度和酶解液的ACE抑制率显著提高;酶解产物的疏水性氨基酸和支链氨基酸含量大幅度提高。(40±2)k Hz/(68±2)k Hz组合双频扫频超声波预处理后,玉米醇溶蛋白酶解液的ACE抑制率为43.7%,与未超声对照组相比提高了1.21倍。玉米醇溶蛋白经超声处理后其二级结构发生变化;原子力显微镜对其表面形貌分析表明,双频扫频超声处理使玉米醇溶蛋白颗粒迅速疏松、细化,出现分子自组装聚集现象。     

扫频超声波预处理对麦胚蛋白制备ACE抑制肽的影响

研究了扫频式超声波预处理对小麦胚芽蛋白制备ACE抑制肽的影响。以ACE抑制活性和水解度为指标,为了提高蛋白质酶解制备ACE抑制肽的反应效率,改善酶解物的ACE抑制活性,考察了超声频率、扫频周期、上、下振板间距、超声时间和料液浓度对小麦胚芽蛋白预处理效果的影响。试验结果表明,在超声波总功率600 W/30 L、料液初始温度35℃和超声波每工作250 s间歇5 s的前提下,扫频式超声波预处理麦胚蛋白的最佳条件是:上、下振板的超声波频率分别为(24±2)k Hz和(68±2)k Hz、扫频周期170 ms、振板间距5 cm、超声波时间140 min、料液质量浓度1.0 g/100 m L。在此条件下,酶解产物的ACE抑制率可达到36.50%,半数抑制剂浓度IC50为0.53 mg/m L,产物转化率77.5%±2.8%。超声波预处理对麦胚蛋白的水解度和酶解产物的转化率没有明显影响,而使其水解产物的ACE抑制活性显著提高。扫频式超声波的预处理效果优于定频式超声波。     

扫频超声处理对玉米醇溶蛋白酶解特性的影响

为了探索扫频超声技术促进蛋白质酶解反应的效果,提高酶解产物的血管紧张素转换酶(ACE)相对抑制活性,利用扫频超声处理玉米醇溶蛋白,进行单因素考察来寻找最佳扫频超声工作模式、超声预处理参数和最佳酶解条件.在最佳的超声预处理及最佳的酶解条件下,ACE抑制率为48.48％、水解度为11.20％,酶解产物的IC50值为3.77mg/L,比常规酶解(无超声处理)降低了31.20％,产品得率为66.15％,比常规酶解提高了14.39％.这表明扫频超声预处理能够有效地促进玉米醇溶蛋白的酶解反应,提高产物的ACE相对抑制活性.     

超声预处理辅助酶解玉米胚芽ACE抑制肽的研究

旨在研究不同工作模式的超声预处理对玉米胚芽蛋白酶解制备血管紧张素转换酶(Angiotensin-I Converting Enzyme,ACE)抑制肽的影响。以蛋白转化率和高活性肽占比为指标,利用聚能逆流双频、发散三频和对振双频的超声设备,对玉米胚芽粕进行预处理,得到最优的超声预处理模式;采用单因素逐级优化法来确定最佳超声预处理参数;在最优超声处理条件下,优化酶解反应条件。结果表明分子量在300~1000 Da的多肽ACE抑制活性最高,IC₅₀值为0.78 mg/mL;最优的超声模式为20/40 kHz交替双频,最佳超声预处理参数为功率密度100 W/L、底物浓度为8%、超声时间20 min、超声温度30 ℃,酶解条件为加酶量2000 U/g蛋白、酶解时间2.5 h。在最优条件下,蛋白转化率为85.00%,相比于未超声组的73.01%提高了16.42%;高活性肽占比为29.63%,相比于未超声组的26.00%提高了13.96%。因此,逆流双频超声波辅助酶解法能有效提高蛋白转化率和产物ACE抑制活性,有利于ACE抑制肽的制备。     

多模式超声波预处理促进克氏原螯虾酶解效果的优化

为了探寻一种多模式超声高效促进克氏原螯虾酶解效果的方法，分别采用双频探头式超声波和三频发散式超声波对克氏原螯虾进行预处理，对比研究了多模式超声预处理对克氏原螯虾酶解效果的促进作用。通过单因素实验得到探头式双频超声设备的最佳频率模式为20/28 kHz双频顺序超声，三频发散式超声波设备的最佳频率为20/40 kHz双频顺序超声。在此基础上，通过三因素三水平的响应面实验对超声预处理条件进行改进，并建立相应回归方程，优化试验以获得最佳的超声预处理条件。结果表明：双频探头式超声设备的最佳处理条件为：超声功率为250 W，时间为10 min，温度为35 ℃，此时克氏原螯虾的水解度为38.98%；三频超声波设备的最佳处理条件为：超声功率为250 W，时间为40 min，温度为40 ℃，此时克氏原螯虾的水解度为46.12%。实验结果表明多模式超声可以有效提高克氏原螯虾酶解效果。     

超声预处理对脱脂小麦胚芽酶解制备ACE抑制肽的影响

为了研究不同工作模式超声预处理对脱脂小麦胚芽水解度和ACE抑制率的影响,在相同能耗条件,利用聚能逆流单频、聚能逆流双频、脉冲扫频多频、发散三频、对振双频五种工作模式超声,对脱脂小麦胚芽进行预处理。同时进行单因素实验来寻找最佳超声预处理参数。结果表明,超声波预处理对水解度没有显著的影响,但可以显著提高酶解产物的ACE抑制活性,最佳的超声波工作模式为脉冲平板式40 k Hz/28 k Hz双频超声;在此模式下超声预处理单位体积超声功率60 W/L、超声时间70 min、超声初始温度60℃、底物浓度7%时得到的酶解产物IC_(50)值低至2.483 mg/m L,为较优结果,和未超声相比,其产物IC_(50)值降低了5.8%。     

基于超声预处理的脱脂玉米胚芽ACE抑制肽的制备

为了研究超声辅助酶解制备血管紧张素转化酶(ACE)抑制肽的较优工艺,通过三种超声设备对脱脂玉米胚芽预处理,碱性蛋白酶酶解,酶解液体外模拟胃肠消化,以消化液ACE抑制率和酶解过程中玉米胚芽水解度(DH)为指标对超声预处理和酶解的参数进行单因素逐级优化。实验结果表明,最佳超声工作模式为20~40 kHz聚能式逆流双频交替超声模式;超声工作参数为功率密度120 W/L,超声预处理时间15 min,初始温度30℃,物料浓度5%;酶解条件为加酶量3000 U/g,酶解时间30 min,pH9.0,酶解温度50℃。在此条件下,酶解液的IC₅₀为4.166 mg/mL,比对照组降低了5.08%;胃肠消化液的IC₅₀为3.986 mg/mL,比对照降低了4.44%。制备的酶解产物,经模拟胃肠消化后具有较强的ACE抑制活性。优化获得的制备脱脂玉米胚芽ACE抑制肽的工艺是可行的。     

逆流超声辅助酶解法制备大米ACE抑制肽

研究逆流超声预处理大米蛋白对其碱性蛋白酶酶解制备血管紧张素转换酶(Angiotensin-I Converting Enzyme,ACE)抑制肽的影响。首先从米渣中提取大米蛋白,以ACE抑制率为主要指标,水解度为辅助指标,运用单因素逐级优化法对酶解反应的底物浓度、时间、温度、加酶量和pH进行参数优化,在此基础上筛选逆流超声模式的最佳超声参数。结果表明最佳酶解参数为底物浓度30 g/L、加酶量(E/S)7.5%、温度50 ℃、pH8.5和酶解时间60 min,此时酶解产物ACE抑制率为45.59%,水解度为21.49%。最佳超声参数为超声频率20 kHz、功率密度170 W/L、时间12.5 min。此时酶解液ACE抑制率达72.24%,水解度为21.64%,相较于未超声组ACE抑制率提高了57.42%,相较于传统超声组,ACE抑制率提高了11.36%。结果表明逆流超声波辅助酶解法能有效提高酶解效率、减少能耗、促进ACE抑制肽制备。     

超声预处理大米蛋白对其酶解产物ACEI活性的影响

以酶解产物ACEI活性为指标筛选最佳超声预处理模式,在最佳的超声波模式条件下采取单因素逐级优化方法优化超声预处理工艺参数。结果表明:采取20/28/40 kHz同步模式,在超声时间7.5 min、温度40℃、工作间歇比6∶3 (s/s)和功率密度66.7 W/L条件下,大米蛋白酶解所得产物ACEI活性最高,为48.39%,与对照组相比提高了35.20%。说明发散型三频超声对大米蛋白进行预处理能有效的提高酶解产物的ACEI活性。     

基于超声预处理的大米降血压多肽的制备及其功能评价

采用酶法制备大米降血压肽。本文研究大米降血压肽制备中底物蛋白的超声预处理、酶解产物的超滤提取纯化、大米降血压肽的抗消化道酶降解及原发性高血压大鼠(SHR)一次性灌胃试验等。试验结果表明,最优超声预处理的参数为每升处理液施加超声功率250 W、超声时间10 min、工作间歇比1:2、循环转速30 r/s。经过超声预处理,酶解产物对ACE的抑制率由未经超声预处理的69.8%提高到92.8%。5 kDa为最佳的超滤提取纯化截流分子质量。经过超滤,滤液的IC50值随大米多肽分子质量的降低而降至1.71 mg/mL。大米降血压多肽具有良好的抗消化道酶降解能力,对SHR大鼠具有明显的降血压效果。     

Impact of ultrasound on egg white proteins as a pretreatment for functional hydrolysates production

The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of different ultrasound pretreatment on enzymatic hydrolysis of egg white proteins (EWPs) by Alcalase as well as evaluating some functional and antioxidant properties of hydrolysates obtained by various proteases treatment and ultrasound technology. The effects of chosen ultrasound pretreatment parameters including frequency of ultrasonic waves (35 and 40 kHz), temperature (25 and 55 °C), time of pretreatment (15–60 min) and pH of egg white solution (7.00–10.00) were examined. It appeared that controlled ultrasound treatment can improved the hydrolysis process compared with untreated samples, but optimization of the power and length of sonication was important. The optimal ultrasound pretreatment at calorimetric power of 21.3 W and frequency of 40 kHz for 15 min at 25 °C and with naturally basic egg white (pH 9.25) resulted in increased initial rate and equilibrium degree of Alcalase hydrolysis by about 139.8 and 13.86 % compared with the control, respectively. EWP hydrolysates with ≈27.0 % degree of hydrolysis obtained with heat pretreatment and ultrasound pretreatments under optimal conditions were further separated by sequential ultrafiltration into 4 hydrolysate fractions (<1, 1–10, 10–30 and >30 kDa) which were investigated for protein content, peptide yield and antioxidant activity. The hydrolysis after heat pretreatment generated more peptides <1 kDa (19.04 ± 1.02 %) than ultrasound pretreatment did (11.90 ± 0.53 %), whereas the proportion of peptides <10 kDa were higher in the second case (28.80 ± 0.07 vs. 20.46 ± 0.39 %). The fraction obtained by the ultrasound pretreatment containing peptides with a molecular weight between 1 and 10 kDa demonstrated the strongest ABTS radical scavenging efficacy among the fractions (97.54 ± 0.30) with IC₅₀ value of 4.31 mg/mL. Compared with single-enzyme processes, the two-stage enzymatic processes did not significantly improve both antioxidant and functional hydrolysates’ properties.     

不同模式超声预处理对莲子蛋白酶解物及其结构的影响

超声波参数中,超声频率是影响蛋白酶解的主要因素。因此,本实验以不同模式超声频率下得到的莲子蛋白酶解物为研究对象,首先对不同模式超声进行优化,以血管紧张素转化酶（angiotensin converting enzyme,ACE）抑制率和水解度为指标,得出了不同模式下的最优频率参数：单频率超声20 kHz、双频率组合20/35 kHz、三频率超声组合20/35/50 kHz。然后采用表面疏水性、氨基酸分析及内源性荧光光谱等表征不同模式的超声预处理对莲子蛋白酶解物及结构特征影响。结果显示：随着超声频率组合增多,表面疏水性越来越大,疏水性氨基酸含量增多,主要是由于超声预处理使蛋白结构展开,使最初被掩埋在蛋白分子内部的疏水基团暴露。通过荧光光谱发现,超声预处理提高了莲子蛋白的荧光强度,且荧光强度顺序为三频＞双频＞单频;同时,莲子蛋白酶解物λmax发生轻微的红移现象。上述结果对于莲子蛋白酶解及ACE抑制肽的制备至关重要。     

超声预处理时间对金枪鱼皮酶解过程ACE抑制肽释放的影响

以水解度、ACE抑制率为指标,并通过电泳、HPLC、红外光谱(FTIR)、热稳定性分析(DSC)研究不同超声预处理时间对金枪鱼皮酶解过程ACE抑制肽释放的影响。结果表明,酶解5 min后,超声预处理组酶解液的水解度与未处理组呈现显著性差异(p<0.05),并且ACE抑制率均高于未处理组,说明超声预处理可改变金枪鱼皮胶原酶解模式,加快短时酶解过程中ACE抑制肽的快速释放。电泳和HPLC分析表明,随着酶解过程的进行,10 kDa以下小分子组分含量呈现往复增减变化,超声预处理会加速该过程进行,从而提高其释放效率。FTIR和DSC分析可知,超声处理会破坏鱼皮胶原蛋白内部氢键的平衡,使其三螺旋结构松散,更多酶切位点暴露,说明超声处理能促进短时酶解过程ACE抑制肽的快速释放。     

Effects of sweeping frequency ultrasound treatment on enzymatic preparations of ACE-inhibitory peptides from zein

In this study, the effect of sweeping frequency ultrasound (SFU) treatment on the degree of hydrolysis of zein and the angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE)-inhibitory activity of its hydrolysates were investigated. The mechanism through which ultrasonic pretreatment releases peptides with ACE-inhibitory activity was also studied by fluorescence, circular dichroism (CD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and atomic force microscopy (AFM). Compared to the control, SFU and fixed frequency ultrasound (FFU) increased the degree of zein hydrolysis by approximately 11.5 %. Sweeping frequency ultrasound pretreatment increased ACE-inhibitory activity of zein hydrolysates by 12.3–116.7 % over the control. At 40 ± 2 kHz, SFU-treated zein hydrolysates had 42.9 % ACE-inhibitory activity, representing an increase of 116.7 % over the control. The fluorescence intensity of SFU- and FFU-treated zein was weaker than in untreated zein, indicating that more Phe, Trp, and Tyr residues were exposed outside the polypeptide chains. CD spectra show that SFU treatment resulted in increase in the α-helix content by 3.4 %, and β-sheet, β-turns, and random coils content by 24.4 %. Analyses of microstructure by SEM and AFM revealed that ultrasonic pretreatment ruptured the fine meshwork structure of zein resulting in the appearance of several micro-holes. We conclude that the SFU pretreatment for 40 ± 2 kHz can remarkably raise the degree of zein hydrolysis and ACE-inhibitory activity of the hydrolysates by altering the second structure of zein and rupturing the smooth surface of protein.     

超声促进胰蛋白酶酶解米渣蛋白的研究

确定促进酶解反应的适宜超声参数,测定在不同的超声条件对酶促反应的影响。实验结果表明:超声功率为90 W、超声频率36 kHz,超声时间与间歇时间比为1∶1,超声时间10 min的条件下,蛋白质的水解率在1 h内,从未加超声的9.8%提高到21.3%,提高了近1.5倍。表明超声处理能有效促进胰蛋白酶酶解米渣蛋白质。     

超声预处理提高茶籽粕多肽抗氧化活性的研究

以茶籽饼粕为原料,研究了超声波预处理条件对酶解茶籽粕蛋白制备抗氧化肽的水解度和抗氧化活性的影响。以茶粕抗氧化肽的还原力为评价指标,得到超声波处理的最佳工艺条件:超声功率720W,超声初始温度60℃,超声时间40min。在上述条件下,水解度的增长率为32.52%,抗氧化肽还原力吸光值达0.823。与未处理的对照组比较发现,超声处理可以显著提高抗氧化肽的活性,其中.OH清除率、O2-.清除率、还原力吸光值的增长率分别为79.33%、71.72%、113.8%。     

The use of ultrasound for enzymatic preparation of ACE-inhibitory peptides from wheat germ protein

The effects of ultrasonic treatment during proteolysis on kinetic characterisation of the hydrolysis of defatted wheat germ protein (DWGP), and on ACE-inhibitory activity of the hydrolysate, were investigated. The effects of ultrasonic pretreatment on the release of peptides with ACE-inhibitory were also studied. The results showed that the value of k_A for DWGP hydrolysis under ultrasonic irradiation increased by about 22.2%, and K_M decreased about 13.0%, compared with that obtained without ultrasound. Analysis of ACE-inhibitory activity indicated that ultrasound during enzyme treatments had less effect on the ACE-inhibitory activity, while ultrasonic pretreatment caused a 21.0–40.7% increase in ACE-inhibitory activity of DWGP hydrolysate. Analyses of hydrophobicity, microstructure, and amino acid composition revealed that ultrasonic pretreatment could accelerate the release of hydrophobic amino acids from DWGP during enzymatic hydrolysis. In conclusion, ultrasonic treatment during proteolysis could facilitate the enzymatic hydrolysis of DWGP, whereas ultrasonic pretreatment could promote the release of ACE-inhibitory peptides from DWGP during enzymatic hydrolysis.