Calculation of the Free Surface Energy of Coals from the Donets Basin and Graphites

The methodologies of the determination of the free surface energy of solids were analyzed. It was shown that the currently available models for the calculation of free surface energy are based on the measurements of the angles of contact, and they contain an internal contradiction that consists in the fact that the surface energy is divided into two or three components: a polar component, hydrogen bonds, and a dispersion component. The free surface energy was calculated for the metamorphic series of coals from the Donets Basin (long-flame, gas, coke, and lean coals and anthracites) and graphites. Considerable differences in the values of free surface energy for different coalmine beds of anthracites were not revealed. Technical-grade and spectral graphites are insignificantly different from anthracites in terms of free surface energy, but a polar component of free surface energy has lower values of 0.0054–0.0117 J/m².     

Natural Graphites Used as Additions and Their Effect on the Performance of Carbon-Containing Refractories

Natural graphites as additions to periclase-carbon refractory materials are considered. The effect of ash components and natural graphites with different specific surface on the oxidizability, mechanical strength, and slag resistance of the refractory material are studied. Low-ash natural graphites with low specific surface are recommended for production of periclase-carbon refractories.     

Thermal Conductivity of Anisotropic Solids at High Temperatures—The Thermal Conductivity of Molded and Pyrolytic Graphites

A method has been developed for the determination of the thermal conductivities of anisotropic solids under conditions of two–dimensional, steady–state heat conduction in a cylinder of finite length heated in vacuum by high–frequency induction and radiating heat to the surroundings. The method has been used to determine the radial thermal conductivity, K_r , and the axial thermal conductivity, K_z , of molded ZT-type and pyrolytic graphite in the temperature range 1260° to 2200°K. For ZT-type graphite, K_z/K_r =–0.101 + 2.002 × 10⁻⁴± T (1260°K < T < 2200°K); for pyrolytic graphite, K_z/K_r = 0.0376 at 1817°K.     

膨胀型石墨/水滑石对聚丁二酸-co-己二酸丁二醇酯的复合成核作用及其非等温结晶动力学研究

用差示扫描量热仪( DSC)研究PBSA和PBSA/膨胀型石墨/水滑石复合材料的非等温结晶过程,结果表明:膨胀型石墨/水滑石可以提高PBSA的结晶温度,并可以将其非等温结晶温度提高15 ～22℃.通过Jeziornyz用于非等温结晶峰修正的Avrami方程拟合得到PBSA和PBSA/膨胀型石墨/水滑石复合材料的n值分别为4.3 ～4.9和4.2～6.3,但是Ozawa方法在实验中并不能得到理想的处理结果.通过莫志深法进一步处理此非等温结晶过程,可以计算得到Ozawa指数m为3.0和2.7,表明膨胀型石墨/水滑石在PBSA体系中起到了异相成核的作用.     

Study of detergency. II. Effect of sodium tripolyphosphate

A study of the effect of added sodium tripolyphosphate (STPP) on oily soil removal efficiency in hard water showed that as the concentration of STPP increases, the water hardness at maximum oil removal efficiency increases and the sharpness of the oil removal peak is lessened. The value of maximum oil removal efficiency was not influenced greatly by the concentration of STPP. The action of STPP on oil removal efficiency in hard water was that of softening the water. The pH of various hard water/STPP/sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate (0.1 wt. %) solutions had a maximum oil removal efficiency at 7.7.     

C．I．分散绿9合成研究

C.I.分散绿9是一个杂环偶氮型染料,性能优异,适用于多种印染工艺.本文叙述的合成方法能获得较高的收率.     

结晶紫合成工艺研究

阐述了碱性染料结晶紫，即Ｃ．Ｉ．ＢａｓｉｃＶｉｏｌｅｔ３的合成工艺，选用了催化氧化工艺路线，成功地完成了工业规模的制备。     

八角茴香化学成分的研究

采用硅胶层析法从广西八角茴香中分离得到7个化合物,根据化合物理化性质及波谱图鉴定为：莽草酸、莽草酸甲酯、原儿茶酸、槲皮素、4-羟苯基-β-D-吡喃型葡萄糖苷、槲皮素-5-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷、厚朴酚。其中4-羟苯基-β-D-吡喃型葡萄糖苷首次从八角科植物中分离得到,槲皮素-5-O-β-D-喃葡萄糖苷和厚朴酚首次从八角茴香中分离得到。     

八角茴香化学成分的研究

采用硅胶层析法从广西八角茴香中分离得到7个化合物,根据化合物理化性质及波谱图鉴定为：莽草酸、莽草酸甲酯、原儿茶酸、槲皮素、4-羟苯基-β-D-吡喃型葡萄糖苷、槲皮素-5-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷、厚朴酚。其中4-羟苯基-β-D-吡喃型葡萄糖苷首次从八角科植物中分离得到,槲皮素-5-O-β-D-喃葡萄糖苷和厚朴酚首次从八角茴香中分离得到。     

野生植物鬼针草营养成分的研究

对野生植物鬼针草的营养成分进行了分析,结果表明,鬼针草中含有多种营养成分,丰富的矿质元素和维生素及β—胡萝卜素,至少含有17种氨基酸。     

High-temperature aging of halar film. I. Study of physicochemical changes

A heat-aging study was undertaken to determine the physicochemical changes in an experimental Halar film [about 80% alternating 1:1 copolymer of ethylene (E) and chlorotrifluoroethylene (CTFE)] as a result of exposure to elevated temperatures in air. This work was intended to evaluate how Halar would behave upon exposure to high temperatures as might be the case in wire and cable coating or other similar applications. Samples of Halar film were aged (unstressed) in air at three different temperatures (150, 175, and 200°C) for a period of up to 1000 h and then characterized with respect to yellowness index, molecular weight, chemical structure changes, crystalline characteristics, thermal behavior, and tensile properties. The results point out no significant deterioration of properties as a result of aging at 150 or 175°C for 40 days. Actually the exposure at 150 or 175°C increases the molecular weight slightly and enhances crystallinity, which improve the dimensional stability of Halar. Extended exposures at 200°C increased the yellowness index and caused physical distortion of the film. The rest of the properties either remained the same or showed some improvement.     

齿轮系统振动特性的研究

〕本文建立了磨机系统中中心侧传动用３３１０减速机传动装置的振动模型，并通过矩阵迭代法，利用计算机获得其固有频率和振型。     

辣椒提取物的试验研究

以乙醇、丙酮和乙酸乙酯为溶剂,分别对干红朝天椒进行萃取,得到三种相应的提取物。采用国标方法分别检测提取物的辣度和色价,并对检测结果进行了讨论和评价。该辣椒提取物制备方法对辣椒提取物的工业化生产有一定的参考价值。     

液体荧光增白剂CI220工艺研究

液体荧光增白剂属于双三嗪氨基二苯乙烯型结构,该助剂在纤维上具有很高的坚牢度,其最显著特点是对pH的稳定性强,对漂白纸浆有直接性和连接性,也可用于浆内添加,表面施胶、涂布、喷涂。通过对液体荧光增白剂CI220的合成工艺条件进行优化,并应用纳滤膜除盐浓缩,使产品在液体状态下稳定存放,在生产过程不产生废酸、废碱、废渣,属于清洁生产工艺,产品质优价廉,具有较高的经济价值。     

Study of carbonaceous mesophase through the e.s.r. spectra of vanadyl chelates

The behaviour of vanadyl chelate complexes in Iranian heavy oil and ethylene tar pitch during the carbonization process has been investigated by the e.s.r. technique to obtain information on the mesophase transformation. Activation energies for rotation of chelates incorporated with aromatic lamellae, and ordering parameters, are estimated from correlation times and intensities of e.s.r. spectra. The molecular plane of the chelates incorporated into the mesophase was found to be oriented parallel to the applied field. The value of activation energy is higher for a mesophase of small size than for a larger one.     

Study on morphology of ternary polymer blends. II. Effect of composition

The composition effect on morphology of polypropylene/ethylene–propylene–diene terpolymer/polyethylene (PP/EPDM/PE) and polypropylene/ethylene–propylene–diene terpolymer/polystyrene (PP/EPDM/PS) ternary blends has been investigated. In all of the blends, polypropylene as the major phase was blended with two minor phases, that is, EPDM and PE or PS. From morphological studies using the SEM technique a core–shell morphology for PP/EPDM/PE and separated dispersed morphology for PP/EPDM/PS were observed. These results were found to be in agreement with the theoretical predictions. The composition of components affected only the size of dispersed phases and had no appreciable effect on the type of morphology. The size of each dispersed phase, whether it forms core or shell or disperses separately in matrix, can be related directly to its composition in the blend. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 82: 1138–1146, 2001