镁表面铝熔覆层微观组织的观察

为改善镁合金表面的耐腐蚀性能,以铝粉作为激光熔覆材料,在镁表面进行激光熔覆,得到了无气孔、无裂纹且与基体能够良好结合的熔覆层结构.研究了激光工艺参数对该熔覆层的微观组织的影响.     

不同工艺制备铁基非晶复合涂层组织与性能研究

分别采用大功率光纤激光器与超音速等离子喷涂设备在45号钢基体表面制备Fe基非晶复合涂层。采用扫描电镜、显微硬度计、X射线衍射仪对熔覆层进行微观组织和成分的研究;并分析熔覆层的显微硬度和耐腐蚀性能。结果表明,激光熔覆涂层成型良好,无明显的孔隙、宏观裂纹等缺陷,熔覆层与基体之间为结合强度较高的冶金结合。超音速等离子喷涂涂层存在一定的气孔、微裂纹等缺陷,涂层与基体之间为机械结合,结合强度相对较弱。激光熔覆层组织为柱状晶、树枝晶和非晶共存组织。激光熔覆层内组织致密,且析出了Fe-Cr、(CrFe)_7C_3化合物等硬质相。超音速等离子喷涂涂层截面形貌为典型的层状结构,涂层的非晶含量明显高于激光熔覆涂层,但由于其内部的孔隙和微裂纹,使激光熔覆涂层耐腐蚀性能优于超音速等离子喷涂涂层。     

汽车发动机用AZ91合金的激光表面改性处理

采用预置式两步激光熔覆的方法在汽车发动机用AZ91合金表面进行了等离子喷涂+激光熔覆改性处理,通过金相、扫描电镜、XRD、硬度和极化曲线等测试手段,研究了激光熔覆Al-Si层的显微组织和耐腐蚀性能。结果表明,激光熔覆层主要由α-Al和（α-Al+β-Si）共晶组织组成;激光熔覆层的显微硬度要高于等离子喷涂层,且两种涂层的显微硬度都要高于基体合金;改性层和基体合金的耐腐蚀性能从高至低依次为：激光熔覆层>等离子喷涂层>AZ91合金。     

激光熔覆TiC-H13涂层的微结构及耐腐蚀性能的研究

以H13钢为基体,通过激光熔覆TiC-H13混合粉末获得熔覆层,考察TiC的加入对TiC-H13熔覆层的微观结构以及耐腐蚀性能的影响。采用SEM、EDS和TEM对熔覆层内的微观组成和物相进行表征,利用电化学阳极极化曲线研究熔覆层的耐腐蚀性能。结果表明:TiC-H13粉末和H13钢基体可以形成良好的熔覆层,熔覆层与基体紧密结合,熔覆层中形成新物相TiC。与H13钢相比,TiC-H13熔覆层的腐蚀电位明显升高,腐蚀电流明显降低,耐腐蚀性能得到显著提高。     

激光熔覆制备楔块高硬度层的工艺方法研究

为获得表面高硬度层及冶金结合,分别以铸铁和普通碳钢为基体,以含WC的镍基合金粉末为熔覆材料,采用激光熔覆技术制备了大面积的熔覆层。测试了熔覆层、结合处以及基体的硬度,并采用扫描电镜、能谱仪对熔覆层进行了微观组织分析。结果表明,以铸铁为基体不易制得良好的熔覆层,而以45钢为基体时,在激光功率1200~2000W之间,扫描速度在2 mm/s左右时能获得质量良好的熔覆层。熔覆层表面硬度高达1100 HV以上,熔覆层与基体呈冶金结合,熔覆层无微观裂纹,微观组织分布均匀,磨削平整后熔覆层厚度可达1 mm以上。     

基于激光熔覆不锈钢涂层技术的工艺及腐蚀性研究

通过激光熔覆技术在Q235钢表面激光熔覆316L不锈钢涂层,研究了激光熔覆工艺参数对单道熔覆层几何尺寸及外观形貌的影响。对多道熔覆层的微观组织以及耐蚀性进行了分析。结果表明:激光电流对增大熔覆层高度、宽度和深度具有积极影响,而扫描速度是熔覆层成型尺寸的消极因素。通过耐蚀性实验得出不锈钢涂层的耐腐蚀性能高于基体的耐腐蚀性能。     

高速激光熔覆铁基TY-2合金组织及力学性能分析

目的 通过与激光熔覆进行对比,探究高速激光熔覆铁基TY-2合金的显微组织及力学性能.方法 采用高速激光熔覆技术在27SiMn不锈钢基体上制备铁基TY-2合金熔覆层.利用扫描电子显微镜、X射线衍射仪、显微硬度计,对熔覆层的显微组织、物相结构及力学性能进行分析测试,对比研究高速激光熔覆与激光熔覆铁基TY-2合金熔覆层的显微组织和力学性能.结果 与激光熔覆层相比,获得的高速激光熔覆层均匀致密,无裂纹,孔隙与夹杂较少,与基体形成良好的冶金结合.激光熔覆层的组织以粗大的柱状晶为主,高速激光熔覆层的组织以尺寸为5～10μm的细小晶粒为主.高速激光熔覆层与原始粉末的物相一致,包含(Fe,Ni)、Cr0.19Fe0.7Ni0.11和Fe-Cr等相.激光熔覆层与原始粉末的物相有所差别,高能量密度导致CaNi3C0.5金属间化合物的生成.高速激光熔覆层的平均硬度为604HV0.3,相比激光熔覆层(543HV0.3)提高了9.4％.结论 高速激光熔覆的总能量较低,为激光熔覆总能量的77.9％,其中高速粒子携带的动能占高速激光熔覆总能量的17.7％.高速激光熔覆可实现低能量下的高效熔覆,熔覆层的组织更加细小,成分更加均匀,硬度更高.     

9%Cr钢表面激光熔覆制备低Cr合金改性层组织及Cr含量分析

目的通过对比分析1CrMo合金激光熔覆和埋弧堆焊层中Cr元素含量分布,研究激光熔覆替代堆焊技术用于9%Cr钢汽轮机转子轴颈表面改性的可行性。方法采用与1CrMo合金焊丝成分相同的合金粉末作为激光熔覆材料,利用半导体激光熔覆系统在9%Cr钢表面制备低Cr合金熔覆层。用直读光谱仪、金相显微镜、扫描电镜和显微硬度计等仪器,分析熔覆层中Cr含量分布、熔覆层组织结构和性能,并与堆焊层进行了对比。结果利用激光熔覆技术成功在9%Cr钢表面制备了不同厚度、无缺陷的1CrMo合金熔覆层,熔覆层组织主要由铁素体和颗粒状碳化物相构成。多层熔覆层硬度在220～250HV0.3之间,与基体硬度接近。激光熔覆可有效减少基体对熔覆层的稀释,熔覆层中Cr含量降低明显,在熔覆层约2 mm厚处的Cr含量已低于2%的工作面Cr含量要求,而堆焊需8 mm左右才能达到相同的降Cr效果,激光熔覆所需熔覆层数明显少于埋弧堆焊法的堆焊层数。结论与堆焊相比,激光熔覆用于9%Cr钢汽轮机转子轴颈表面改性需熔覆层数少,表面降Cr效率更高。     

45# 钢表面激光熔覆自熔性镍基碳化钨粉末

目的提高45#钢的表面性能。方法利用IPG光纤激光加工系统,采用不同的工艺参数在45#钢表面激光熔覆自熔性镍基碳化钨粉末,对熔覆层的宏观表面(平整度、表面硬度、裂纹情况)及金相组织、显微硬度分布进行对比分析。结果在激光功率为1200 W、扫描速度为2 mm/s、送粉电压为7 V时,获得的熔覆层宏观表面相对平整光滑,平均洛氏硬度约是基体的2.5倍。由微观组织分析得知,熔覆层及界面处无裂纹、气孔等缺陷,熔覆层中上部组织晶粒细小,沿熔覆层与基体交界处向外,晶粒呈现柱状晶及等轴晶,组织性能良好,基体与熔覆层间冶金结合比较牢固。熔覆层显微硬度分布比较均匀,并且与基体相比提高了约1.5倍。结论 45#钢表面机械性能得到提升,在其表面激光熔覆自熔性镍基碳化钨粉末具有可行性和研究价值。     

灰铸铁激光熔覆铁基和镍基粉末的比较*

采用高功率横流CO2激光器,以铁基和镍基合金粉末为熔覆材料,用同步送粉法在灰铸铁基体材料上进行激光熔覆试验,并对熔覆层组织和性能进行比较分析。结果表明,激光熔覆镍基时覆层内的组织较铁基合金熔覆层组织均匀细致;熔覆镍基和铁基粉末合金层与基体结合紧密成冶金结合;结合区的组织晶粒细小,合金碳化物含量高,其硬度也最高。用正交试验法分析激光功率、扫描速度、熔覆层数对熔覆效果、表面硬度的影响规律,获得激光熔覆层表面硬度显著提高;对表面硬度影响最大的因素是扫描速度,其次是激光功率,熔覆层数则影响不大。熔覆Fe35合金粉末综合优化参数为扫描速度300mm/min、激光功率4.0kW、熔覆二层。熔覆Ni20A合金粉末优化参数为扫描速度400mm/min、激光功率4.0kW。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

THERMODYNAMICS STUDY ON THE DECOMPOSITION OF CHROMITE WITH KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

INFLUENCE OF HEAT TREATMENT ON DAMPING BEHAVIOUR OF THE MAGNESIUM WROUGHT ALLOY AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Theoretical Analysis for the Motion and Temperature of Melt Droplets in Spray Degassing Process

The motion of melt droplets in spray degassing process was analyzed theoretically. The height of the treatment tank in spray degassing process could be determined by the results of theoretical calculation of motion of melt droplets. To know whether the melt droplets would solidify during spraying process, the balance temperature of melt droplets was also theoretically analyzed. Then proof experiments for theoretical results about temperature of melt droplets were carried. In comparison, the experimental results were nearly similar to the calculation results.     

Growth Kinetics of Single Inclusion Particle in Molten Melts

On the basis of the single-particle framework, a new theory on inclusion growth in metallurgical melts is developed to study the kinetics of inclusion growth on account of reaction and collision. The studies show that the early growth of inclusion depends on reaction growth and Brawnian motion collision, and where the former is decisive, the late growth depends on turbulence collision and Stokes＇ collision, and where the former is dominant; collision growth is very quick during the smelting process, lessened in the refining process, but nearly negligible in the continuous casting process.     

An Easy Way to Quantify the Adhesion Energy of Nanostructured Cu/X(X=Cr,Ta,Mo,Nb,Zr) Multilayer Films Adherent to Polyimide Substrates

An approach based on film buckling under simple uniaxial tensile testing was utilized in this paper to quantitatively estimate the interfacial energy of the nanostructured multilayer films(NMFs) adherent to flexible substrates. The interfacial energies of polyimide-supported NMFs are determined to be *5.0 J/m2 for Cu/Cr, *4.1 J/m2 for Cu/Ta,*2.8 J/m2 for Cu/Mo, *1.1 J/m2 for Cu/Nb, and *1.2 J/m2 for Cu/Zr NMFs. Furthermore, a linear relationship between the adhesion energy and the interfacial shear strength is clearly demonstrated for the Cu-based NMFs, which is highly indicative of the applicability and reliability of the modified models.     

High-Speed Friction Stir Welding of SiC_p/Al–Mg–Si–Cu Composite

A 17 vol% SiCp/Al–Mg–Si–Cu composite plate with a thickness of 3 mm was successfully friction stir welded(FSWed) at a very high welding speed of 2000 mm/min for the first time. Microstructural observation indicated that the coarsening of the precipitates was greatly inhibited in the heat-affected zone of the FSW joint at high welding speed, due to the significantly reduced peak temperature and duration at high temperature. Therefore, prominent enhancement of the hardness was achieved at the lowest hardness zone of the FSW joint at this high welding speed, which was similar to that of the nugget zone. Furthermore, the ultimate tensile strength of the joint was as high as 369 MPa, which was much higher than that obtained at low welding speed of 100 mm/min(298 MPa). This study provides an effective method to weld aluminum matrix composite with superior quality and high welding efficiency.     

A STUDY OF TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENT VALENCE BOND STRUCTURE OF TITANIUM

On the basis of energy and shape method for the determination of the valence bond (VB) structures of crystal, the valence bond structure of titanium is redetermined at room temperature and calculated in the whole temperature range of 0-1943K. The outer shell electronic distribution of Ti is e_c~(2.9907) · (s_c~(0.4980) d_c~(2.4927)) ef1.0093 in crystal. The temperature dependences of the VB structures of hcp and bcc phases are the same. The VB structures of hcp and bcc phases monotonically increase or decrease with the increase in temperature, but show discontinuous changes at the phase-transformation temperature 1155K.     

新型的治疗阿尔茨海默氏症药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2,2,2-三氯)-乙基-1-醇烟酸醋对体外神经细胞的作用

目的: 观察本实验室合成的一种治疗阿尔茨海默氏症(AD)的药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2, 2, 2 -三氯)-乙基^-1-醇烟酸醋(NMF),对体外培养的皮层神经细胞活性的影响以及对海人藻酸(KA)所致的神经损伤的保护作用。方法: 采用体外培养皮层神经元的方法,解剖分离 15 d胚胎小鼠皮层神经细胞, 接种于 96孔板,48 h 后加药并培养 72 h,以 MIT 法 观察 NMF 对小鼠皮层神经细胞活性的影响;同时将接种于 24 孔板的细胞预先给予 NMF,d 3 时加或不加KA处理后,以台盼蓝染色鉴别并计数死、活细胞,可得出细胞的存活率。结果: NMF 明显促进胎鼠皮层神经元活性,其中 NMF1、0. 1、10nmol·L^-1促进神经元活性增殖率分别高达 34.7%、37.4%、36. 7%, NMF 明显促进正常胎鼠皮层神经元存活卒,与对照组比较,10nmol·L^-1 NMF 对皮层神经元的存活率分别提高 39.3%、73.5%。 NMF能显著 对抗 KA 所致的神经元损伤,与 KA 损伤组相比, NMF0.1、10、10nmol·L^-1对损伤皮层神经元的保护率分别为 77.30%、80.10%、84.15%。结论: NMF 明 显促进胎鼠皮层神经元的洁性、提高正常皮层神经元,的存活卒,并能有效地保护KA所致的神经元损伤,提示 NMF 是一种很有潜力的治疗 AD 的药物。