宁夏沙枣中总黄酮的提取工艺研究

[目的]优化宁夏沙枣中总黄酮的提取工艺.[方法]采用乙醇回流法对沙枣中的总黄酮进行提取.在单因素试验的基础上,采用正交设计考察提取温度、乙醇浓度、提取时间和料液比对黄酮提取率的影响.[结果]最佳工艺条件如下:提取温度80℃,提取时间1h,提取剂为体积分数0.60的乙醇,料液比1:18.在此条件下,宁夏沙枣中总黄酮的提取率可达3.070 mg/g.[结论]该研究为提高宁夏沙枣的药用功效和进一步开发利用提供了试验依据.     

超声波辅助提取络石藤总黄酮的工艺研究

[目的]优化超声波辅助提取络石藤中总黄酮的工艺.[方法]以总黄酮含量为考察指标,采用正交试验设计研究超声波辅助提取络石藤总黄酮的最佳工艺条件.[结果]最佳提取工艺为乙醇浓度60%、反应温度70 ℃、超声时间30 min、料液比1:15;在此条件下,总黄酮的提取率为3.22%.[结论]优化后的工艺简便可行,可为络石藤总黄酮提取纯化工艺的产业化提供理论依据.     

高纯度银杏黄酮的制备

[目的]制备高纯度的银杏黄酮,探索一条规模化制备高纯度银杏总黄酮的工艺路线.[方法]用固相填料为ODS的色谱柱纯化银杏黄酮,考察梯度洗脱、浓缩温度、干燥温度对银杏黄酮含量的影响.[结果]甲醇∶0.5%磷酸=5∶5和7∶3(V∶V)的馏分为目标馏分,最佳浓缩温度和干燥温度为45 ℃,在最佳条件下,银杏黄酮质量百分含量≥90%,收率为78.3%.[结论]该试验获得了高纯度银杏黄酮,为高纯度的银杏总黄酮制备提供了一种高效的方法.     

襄麦冬中总黄酮超声波提取最佳工艺的研究

[目的]建立并优化襄麦冬块根中总黄酮的提取方法.[方法]采用超声波辅助提取法,通过单因素试验和正交试验考察提取时间、料液比、乙醇体积分数和超声波功率对襄麦冬块根中黄酮提取的影响,优化提取工艺条件.[结果]正交试验结果表明,影响襄麦冬中总黄酮提取的主要因素为超声波功率,而最佳提取工艺为超声提取时间75 min,乙醇体积分教70%,料液比1:20,超声波功率90W.在此工艺条件下,寰麦冬总黄酮提取率为0.581 mg/g.[结论]研究结果为襄麦冬中总黄酮的开发利用提供了理论依捂.     

2种蜂胶总黄酮提取方法的比较

[目的]为进一步开发和利用蜂胶资源提供依据.[方法]采用正交试验,对乙醇热浸法和微波辅助法提取蜂胶总黄酮的工艺和效果进行比较.[结果]乙醇热浸法提取蜂胶总黄酮的最佳工艺条件为:料液比1:30、提取温度60℃、提取时间6 h、乙醇浓度70%,在此条件下总黄酮提取率为9.931%;微波辅助法提取蜂胶总黄酮的最佳工艺条件为:料液比1:50、微波功率420 w、微波处理时间40 s、乙醇浓度70%,在此奈件下总黄酮提取率为14.574%.[结论]微波法提取时间短、提取效率高,是一种理想的蜂胶总黄酮提取方法.     

白花蛇舌草中黄酮提取工艺的优化及其结构鉴定

[目的]采用微波辅助提取白花蛇舌草(Hedyotis diffusa)中的黄酮类化合物,并优化其提取工艺,对提取物的化学结构进行鉴定,为白花蛇舌草药用价值的进一步开发提供参考.[方法]用正交试验优化白花蛇舌草黄酮类化合物的最佳提取工艺条件,通过紫外光谱、红外光谱等对提取物的化学结构进行表征.[结果]影响黄酮提取率的因素主次顺序为:提取温度＞乙醇浓度＞提取时间＞料液比;最佳提取工艺为:乙醇浓度为80%,提取时间为40 min,料液比为1∶40,提取温度为80 ℃,在此条件下白花蛇舌草中黄酮的提取率达2.86%.白花蛇舌草的黄酮类化合物主要成分为黄酮醇类.[结论]该研究为白花蛇舌草药用价值的进一步开发提供了参考.     

响应面分析法优化柿叶总黄酮提取工艺

[目的]优化柿叶(FOLIUM KAKI)总黄酮的提取工艺.[方法]在单因素试验基础上,采用响应面分析法对影响柿叶总黄酮提取率的主要因素(提取温度、料液比和乙醇体积分数)进行优化,建立了影响因素与响应值之间的函数关系.[结果]柿叶总黄酮最佳提取工艺为:提取温度74.05℃,料液比1:35.01,乙醇体积分数65.78%,在此条件下,提取率最高达4.041%.[结论]采用响应面法对柿叶总黄酮的提取条件进行优化合理可靠.     

超声波辅助法提取甘草总黄酮工艺的研究

[目的]优化甘草中总黄酮的提取工艺.[方法]以乙醇为提取剂,采用超声波法辅助提取甘草中的总黄酮,并采用正交设计试验优化甘草总黄酮的提取工艺.[结果]在提取液乙醇浓度75%、料液比1:25、超声功率350 W,超声时间25 min的条件下,甘草总黄酮提取得率最高达1.943%,各因素影响顺序为乙醇浓度>料液比>超声功率>超声时间.[结论]该试验为甘草的进一步开发利用提供了科学依据.     

回流提取川楝子中川楝素工艺的优化

[目的]优化川楝子中川楝素溶剂回流提取法的最佳提取工艺.[方法]采用HPLC法检测,以川楝素含量作为指标,考察提取溶剂、料液比、提取温度、提取时间、提取次数对川楝素提取率的影响,筛选出最佳的提取工艺.[结果]溶剂回流法的最佳条件:以甲醇为溶剂,料液比为1:30,提取温度为80℃,提取时间为1.0 h,提取次数为2次.在最佳工艺条件下,川楝素提取率达1.344 9 mg/g.[结论]该工艺简单、稳定、可行,为川楝素的提取提供了一种有效的方法.     

正交试验优化蓝靛果忍冬中总黄酮的提取工艺

[目的]对蓝靛果忍冬(Lonicera edulis Turcz.)总黄酮的提取工艺进行优化.[方法]在单因素试验基础上,采用L9(34)正交试验,以蓝靛果忍冬总黄酮含量为考察指标,考察提取时间、乙醇体积分数、乙醇用量和提取次数对总黄酮提取率的影响.[结果]蓝靛果忍冬中总黄酮的最佳提取工艺为:用12倍体积55%乙醇提取2次,每次1.5 h.[结论]该工艺重现性好,对蓝靛果忍冬进一步的开发利用有较好的参考价值.     

The effect of amount of possession of the trait of hostility on accuracy of perception of hostility in others.

Some theories of personality hold that an individual's perception of others is influenced by his own personality characteristics; more specifically, that a trait of low social value will be projected more into others, and that insight into the possession of these characteristics reduces this distortion. These 2 hypotheses were tested by having a group of college students rate each other (including themselves) on degree of friendliness or hostility. Agreement with group rating about self yielded the insight score. In general, the hypotheses were supported; the "friendly" Ss were most accurate in their perception of others, and insight was positively associated with accurate perception. From Psyc Abstracts 36:04:4HL16M. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Comparison of rates of infection of two methods of emergency ventricular drainage

The rates of infection of two methods of external ventricular drainage in use at Atkinson Morley's Hospital--namely, (a) percutaneous drainage with Rickham reservoirs and (b) tunnelled ventriculostomies--were compared in this retrospective review. Percutaneous drainage of CSF with Rickham reservoirs was associated with a 27% rate of infection as identified by positive microbiological cultures; tunnelled ventriculostomy catheters had a 10% infection rate. The difference in the infection rate between the two methods was statistically significant (P < 0.015). Other variables examined, including the age and sex of the patients and the reasons for ventricular drainage, were not associated with an increased rate of infection. Most infections from either method were caused by a coagulase negative staphylococcus. The average duration of ventricular drainage before identification of positive cultures was 5.7 days for Rickham reservoirs and 6.0 days for ventriculostomies.     

浅析《野草》的版画特征

鲁迅先生一生热爱美术作品,对版画中木刻兴趣尤甚.<野草>作为其"写心之作",亦呈现出一些与木刻版画一致的审美特征:一是具有木刻版画的色彩特征,多对比、多冷色,有阴郁的美感;二是具有木刻版画的力度特征,环境描写、人物刻画处处刀锋毕现,遒劲有力,有一种"力之美".     

四辊破碎机车刀架的改造

针对四辊破碎机车刀架车削中存在的几个问题,详细介绍了电动车刀架的结构和工作原理,建立主要设计参数的数学表达式,并进行适当的分析。改造后,这种电动车刀架运行平稳、可靠、方便、省力,取得了预期的效果。     

转炉炉壳热应力分析

根据实际转炉建立实体模型。以有限元为手段,考虑了炉衬和炉壳材料的物性参数随温度变化的特点和炉衬与炉壳之间膨胀间隙,计算了转炉炉壳在温度载荷和炉衬膨胀压力同时作用下的热应力。所得结果可为转炉炉壳设计提供依据。     

Comparison of the results of surgical and conservative treatment of fractures of the diaphysis of the tibia

In this paper is treated the fundamental problematic of the fracture of the diaphysis of the tibia and the therapeutic results after the conservative and operative treatment are confronted. Among 518 patients with 433 open fractures and 35 with closed fractures of the diaphysis of the tibia, successful treatment of more 2/3 was obtained in the period from 1968 to 1972. Following our casuistics and literature, whose results are similar, we find out that the average total treatment of the osteosynthesis of the fracture of the diaphysis was shortened for 2,5 months depending upon the type and the localisation of the fracture. Apolied methods of the operative and conservative and conservative treatment in relation to the velocity of the medical cure as well as to the extreme anatomical-functional results are analised. We noticed that osteosynthesis, made by the intermedullary nail and the extension of the canals or by a small AO table, by the achieved stability makes conditions of immediate motions and an early rehabilitation. Because of that it gives the best functional results.     

焦炭热性能指标意义浅析

通过对焦炭在高炉内的历程及其变化规律的剖析,阐述焦炭热性能指标的意义,形象地把焦炭在高炉内的损耗分为三部分(M1,M2,M3)。指出M2对焦比及焦炭价格有一定的指导作用。     

Results of treatment of cancer of the cardia

Cancer of the cardia is traditionally discussed with cardiac cancer of the lower portion of the esophagus and upper gastric cancer invading the esophagus, and the specific characteristics of cancer of the cardia have never been clearly defined. We reviewed the outcome of 172 patients with adenocarcinoma of the cardia who had undergone radical surgery between 1949 and 1994 in the Division of Gastrointestinal Surgery of the Cancer Institute Hospital. The centers of the tumors were located within 2 cm above and below the boundary between the esophagus and the stomach, and their longitudinal diameter was less than 8 cm. We divided the patients into an early period (1949-1979; n = 79) and a late period (1980-1994; n = 93), and focused on the historical transition. There were no differences in patient gender or histology between the two periods. However, the late period was associated with fewer cases of esophageal invasion and shorter longitudinal diameter, as the age of the population advanced. The number of advanced cancers such as the localized and infiltrative type had decreased, and early cancer and early clinical stage had become more common, but despite the fact that the number of early cancers had increased, extended dissection, such as thoracic and paraaortic lymph node dissection, was performed more frequently. By clinical stage, the long-term outcome markedly improved in Stage I patient in the late period, and tended to improve in Stage II and III patients. This appears to have been attributable to the prevention of micrometastasis by extended dissection, although the number of early cancers is another major potential cause. There were no differences in the outcome of Stage IV patients between the two periods, and further advances in multimodality therapy must be awaited. The range of resection is basically proximal gastrectomy, and if there are adequate indications, the prognosis is favorable. In view of the status of lymphatic flow and lymph node metastasis, and long-term results, lateroaortic lymph node dissection is important. Since the number of early cancer patients has been increasing, if intraabdominal recurrence is prevented, intrathoracic lymph node dissection will contribute greatly to the outcome of such patients.     

参与式农业基地建设行动方案设计

为了编制实用性强的基地建设行动方案,首先,确定参与式发展的主体,搭建一个"决策框架";其次,针对行动目标,提出不同参与主体,如管理者、农民、消费者等团队与个人的目标及行动内容;最后,工作应向重塑伙伴式合作关系,挖掘农民自我发展潜力,完成三大角色的转换,打造农业基地文化等方向推进.