环保型脲醛树脂胶的制备

提供了一种低物质的量比配方来制备环保型脲醛树脂胶,甲醛与尿素的物质的量比是1．06：1,生产过程中尿素分3次加入,合成的脲醛树脂胶游离甲醛质量分数小于0．12％．性能指标满足GB／T4897—92,GB／T14732—93和GB18580-2001国家标准。     

低游离甲醛脲醛胶的合成

研究了用甲醛与尿素低物质的量比和加入氧化剂的方法合成低游离甲醛脲醛胶的工艺条件 ,游离甲醛含量可小于 0 .5 %。     

改性低毒脲醛树脂的合成及性能研究

采用六亚甲基四胺做催化剂，加入聚乙烯醇（PVA）、三聚氰胺和硫脲作为改性剂，通过降低甲醛与尿素物质的量比、采用尿素分批加入的合成方法，制备出改性低毒的脲醛树脂（UF），使游离甲醛质量分数低于0．30％；采用捏合和模压成型方法，将改性和普通UF树脂分别与剑麻纤维（SF）制备UF／SF共混复合材料，研究了复合材料的力学性能和吸水性能。结果表明，甲醛和尿素物质的量比为1．1时，游离甲醛质量分数降低到0．16％；甲醛和尿素物质的量比为1．2时，三聚氰胺、PVA及硫脲加入量分别为尿素总量的2．0％，1．5％，1．0％（质量分数）时，游离甲醛质量分数降低到了0．10％，粘度达到0．41Pa·S，贮存期大于80d；改性UF／SF复合材料的性能比普通UF／SF复合材料的冲击性能和耐磨性能分别提高了114％和261％。     

影响脲醛胶中游离甲醛含量测定因素的探讨

依据GB/T14074-2006《木材胶粘剂及其树脂检验方法》中3.16.2的试验方法来测定脲醛胶中游离甲醛含量,探讨测定温度、亚硫酸钠加入后溶液的搅拌时间、碳酸钠加入后溶液的反应时间对脲醛胶中游离甲醛含量的影响。结果表明:测定温度和亚硫酸钠加入后的搅拌时间对脲醛胶的游离甲醛含量有较大的影响,测定温度控制在0-5℃、搅拌时间控制在14～16min,游离甲醛含量测定结果的重现性好;而碳酸钠加入后溶液的反应时间对游离甲醛含量测定结果几乎没有影响。     

杉木苯酚液化物合成热固型酚醛树脂的研究

以杉木为研究树种,对比不同料液比(木材与苯酚质量比)液化物与甲醛在碱性环境中反应,进行热固酚醛树脂制备试验。考察不同甲醛与苯酚物质的量之比值(r_F/P)、氢氧化钠与苯酚物质的量之比值(r_NaOH/P)和树脂化温度对树脂理化性能的影响。结果表明,采用料液比为1:2的液化物,r_F/P1.8,r_NaOH/P0.7,树脂化温度 80℃ 条件下合成的杉木液化物树脂压制的杨木三层胶合板满足I类胶合板强度要求,各项物理力学性能与常规PF树脂压制的板材相当,板材的甲醛释放量为 0.1 mg/L,远低于GB/T 9846-2004《胶合板》中的E₀级要求。     

标准简介

GB／T3673—1995酞菁绿G本国家标准系推荐性标准。它代替了GB3673－83。本标准规定了酞菁绿G的技术要求、试验方法、检验规则、标志、包装、运输和贮存。本标准适用于钢酞菁在三氯化铝及氯化钠的熔融体中，以氯化钢为催化剂通以氯气而制成的多氯代铜酞菁经颜料化而成的酞菁绿G颜料。产品主要用于油漆、油墨、涂料印花浆、橡胶、塑料和文教用品等。酞菁绿G应符合如下技术要求：颜色为近似至微（与标准样比）；相对着色力≥100％（与标样比）；105℃挥发物≤2．5％（m／m）；水溶物≤1．5％（m／m）；吸油量为32～42g／100g；筛余物（180p…     

WD-202新型环保型脲醛胶

众所周知 ,高游离甲醛含量的脲醛胶是诱发“装修病”的主要原因 ,也是室内的主要污染源。最近武汉现代工业技术研究院研究成功了新型环保型脲醛胶 ,其游离甲醛指标达到了国际公认的欧洲标准（Ｅ１级≤１０ｍｇ／１００ｇ）。新型环保型脲醛胶广泛用作人造板材的胶粘剂 ,价格低廉 ,具有较高的粘合强度、耐热性和耐腐蚀性 ,其高分子聚合物能溶于水 ,不需要有机溶剂 ,固化时间短 ,在常温和加温下均能较快固化 ,固化和颜色浅、不污染制品。预计“十五”期间我国人造板材产量将以每年１０ %左右的速度增长 ,到２００５年将达到２６００万ｍ３,脲…     

高交联密度酚醛树脂的合成

以较高的甲醛（F）／苯酚（P）比（物质的量之比），采用复合可以得到高交联密度酚醛树脂。树脂合成过程中应严格控制温度；F／P比在1.6和1.8时，合成反应过程平稳，且可以提高酚醛树脂炭化率和玻璃纤维／酚醛树脂复合材料的抗烧蚀性能，适当的催化剂可以缩短反应时间。     

气膜法低醛化脲醛树脂合成及木材胶合性能

采用中间加入起泡剂鼓泡,进行气液传质交换的方法,合成环保型脲醛胶,游离甲醛降到0．05％以下,胶合板胶合强度达0．7MPa以上,并且对板材生产工艺可操作性强,其制品甲醛释放量都达到1．5mg,／L(干燥器法)以下,符合GB18580-2001E1标准要求。红外(IR)光谱进一步证实,气膜法可提高脲醛树脂、尿素中-NH2的加成反应率以及树脂固化的交联度,降低游离甲醛。     

化工实用技术资料

053 低毒脲醛树脂的合成机理 应用胶体理论,在不脱水、不增加过多改性剂的基础上,探索了低毒脲醛树脂胶的合成机理。所得胶达到GB/T14372-93要求,制得的刨花板满足GB/T4897-92A类板一等品要求,甲醛释放量达到欧洲En级。 054 改性脲醛树脂胶粘剂的研制 利用聚乙烯醇缩甲醛树脂在酸性条件下与大分子脲醛树脂进一步交联,合成了改性脲醛树脂胶粘剂。分步加入尿素,降低了脲醛树脂中的游离甲醛含量,提出了工艺条件及影响合成的因素。 055 脲醛树脂低醛胶制备工艺进展 提出了脲醛树脂胶粘剂的低醛化控制理论。认为提高树腐化反应平衡常数是最理想的控制手段,也是脲醛胶生产工艺改进的方向。 056 低游离甲醛含量脲醛树脂胶粘剂的合成     

Sapindaceae,cyanolipids, and bugs

Scentless plant bugs (Heteroptera: Rhopalidae) are so named because adults of the Serinethinae have vestigial metathoracic scent glands. Serinethines are seed predators of Sapindales, especially Sapindaceae that produce toxic cyanolipids. In two serinethine species whose ranges extend into the southern United States,Jadera haematoloma andJ. sanguinolenta, sequestration of host cyanolipids as glucosides renders these gregarious, aposematic insects unpalatable to a variety of predators. The blood glucoside profile and cyanogenesis ofJadera varies depending on the cyanolipid chemistry of hosts, and adults and larvae fed golden rain tree seeds (Koelreuteria paniculata) excrete the volatile lactone, 4-methyl-2(5H)-furanone, to which they are attracted.Jadera fed balloon vine seeds (Cardiospermum spp.) do not excrete the attractive lactone. Loss of the usual heteropteran defensive glands in serinethines may have coevolved with host specificity on toxic plants, and the orientation ofJadera to a volatile excretory product could be an adaptive response to save time.Mention of a commercial product does not consititute an endorsement by the USDA.     

2008～2009年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2008年7月～2009年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2008～2009年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况。按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、环氧树脂、不饱和聚酯树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍。     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Many Drugs of Abuse May Be Acutely Transformed to Dopamine,Norepinephrine and Epinephrine In Vivo

It is well established that a wide range of drugs of abuse acutely boost the signaling of the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, where norepinephrine and epinephrine are major output molecules. This stimulatory effect is accompanied by such symptoms as elevated heart rate and blood pressure, more rapid breathing, increased body temperature and sweating, and pupillary dilation, as well as the intoxicating or euphoric subjective properties of the drug. While many drugs of abuse are thought to achieve their intoxicating effects by modulating the monoaminergic neurotransmitter systems (i.e., serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine) by binding to these receptors or otherwise affecting their synaptic signaling, this paper puts forth the hypothesis that many of these drugs are actually acutely converted to catecholamines (dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine) in vivo, in addition to transformation to their known metabolites. In this manner, a range of stimulants, opioids, and psychedelics (as well as alcohol) may partially achieve their intoxicating properties, as well as side effects, due to this putative transformation to catecholamines. If this hypothesis is correct, it would alter our understanding of the basic biosynthetic pathways for generating these important signaling molecules, while also modifying our view of the neural substrates underlying substance abuse and dependence, including psychological stress-induced relapse. Importantly, there is a direct way to test the overarching hypothesis: administer (either centrally or peripherally) stable isotope versions of these drugs to model organisms such as rodents (or even to humans) and then use liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to determine if the labeled drug is converted to labeled catecholamines in brain, blood plasma, or urine samples.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.