高温观察井中光纤监测管柱的轨迹测量

本文主要针对高温观察井中光纤监测管柱在射孔时容易被损坏的问题展开研究,分析采用同位素颗粒作为标志物,通过陀螺仪、水泥密度仪的组合测井方式来测量监测管柱轨迹的具体实现方式与监测管柱轨迹的计算方法。     

基于OTDR技术的光纤式输油管道安全预警系统

提出一种基于光时域反射原理(0DTR)和分布式光纤传感原理实现输油管道泄漏安全实时监测的技术.当输油管道发生泄漏时,使光纤所处的温度场发生变化,利用光纤后向喇曼散射的温度效应测量该处的温度变化来判断管道泄漏;当发生人为破坏(盗油)事件时,所产生的振动、压力等扰动信号使在光纤中传输的后向瑞利散射光产生明显的变化特征,通过测量其光强的变化来检测管道是否受到扰动或破坏.用ODTR技术实现对光纤测量点的定位.实验结果表明,系统已达到的主要技术指标:光纤长度5 km(可延长),测温范围0-90℃(可扩展),温度测量偏差小于 5℃,对扰动外力和温度的定位偏差小于15 m.该检测技术可以有效地提高输油管道泄漏监测和防盗油水平.     

锦45块Ⅱ类稠油蒸汽驱先导试验区光纤测温技术的应用

分布式光纤测温技术利用光纤后向喇曼散射光谱的温度效应和光时域反射技术实现温度测量,它是一种利用既是传输介质,又是传感介质的光纤进行实时测量空间温度场分布的传感系统.文章介绍了分布式光纤测温系统进行井温测量的工作原理、系统构成及在稠油热采井中进行测量的测试工艺和现场应用.该系统具有良好的测量精度和分辫率,可以在不影响温度场原始分布的情况下实现实时快速的测量.     

分布式光纤测温技术及其在稠油开采中的应用

分布式光纤测温技术利用光纤后向喇曼散射光谱的温度效应和光时域反射技术实现温度测量,它是一种利用既是传输介质,又是传感介质的光纤进行实时测量空间温度场分布的传感系统。文章介绍了分布式光纤测温系统进行井温测量的工作原理、系统构成及在稠油注蒸汽井中进行测量的测试工艺和现场应用。该系统具有良好的测量精度和分辨率,可以在不影响温度场原始分布的情况下实现实时快速的测量。     

基于分布式布里渊光纤散射传感的海底动力电缆监测技术研究

针对海底动力电缆出现故障而寻找电缆监测的技术与方法,分析渤海湾不稳定海域的海底动力电缆多次出现短路和断路故障的原因与机理,提出基于布里渊散射原理的分布式光纤传感技术监测电缆所受外力变化和监测电缆内部温度变化的方案和方法,进行三相高压电缆截面温度场和电缆外部受力变形的数值模拟分析,通过室内模拟实验和海堤沉降段电缆敷设后的光纤传感监测数据及水准仪观测监测数据对比分析,得出光纤传感器检测数据趋势与水准仪器测量结果吻合。模拟和现场测试结果表明,基于光纤布里渊散射原理的分布式光纤传感技术可有效实现海底动力电缆的温度和变形监测。     

光纤传感测试技术在稠油热采中的应用

与传统的电子式油藏动态测试技术相比,光纤传感器具有体积小、不含电子设备、信号传输不受电磁辐射、可靠性好、抗电磁干扰、抗腐蚀等优点。利用光纤既可以作为传输媒体,又可以作为传感媒体的特点,及该系统具有的良好温度性能,真正实现了高温、高压测试,可以在不影响原始温度场、压力场分布,及不影响油田正常生产的情况下,实现实时多点温度、压力或连续的温度分布快速测量。尤其是光纤永久测量技术以其独特的安装方式,可以对水平井进行实时监测,解决以往水平井测量难的难题。从而实现直井、大斜度井、水平井的实时测试。本文主要介绍了光纤光栅传感技术、F-P腔传感技术、光纤分布测温技术,就其技术原理、构建方法及其在辽河油田的应用情况进行了综合评述。     

光纤传感技术在稠油热采中的应用

光纤传感测试系统具有良好的温度性能,在不影响原始温度场、压力场分布,及不影响油田正常生产的情况下,实现实时多点温度、压力或连续的温度分布快速测量。尤其是光纤永久测量技术以其独特的安装方式,可以对水平井进行实时监测,解决以往水平井测量难的难题。从而实现直井、大斜度井、水平井的实时测试。本文主要介绍了光纤光栅传感技术、F—P腔传感技术、光纤分布测温技术,就其技术原理、构建方法及其在辽河油田的应用情况进行了综合评述。     

石英光纤表面化学镀镍磷合金工艺

引　言石英光纤广泛应用于光通信、光传感等领域 ,利用它制作的光纤传感器可用来测量物体的应力和应变 .但在测量前应先将传感器牢固地固定在待测物体上 ,常用的固定方法是使用环氧树脂等胶黏剂 ,这种方法存在着致命的缺点 ,即胶黏剂与待测物体和光纤涂覆层之间、光纤芯层和光纤涂覆层之间会产生相对移动 ,使得测量的数据不能真实地反映待测物体的应力和应变[1,2 ] .因此 ,若能将石英光纤表面金属化 ,然后用锡焊的方法使光纤固定在　　Receiveddate:2 0　待测物体上 ,这一难题将会完全解决 .光纤表面金属化有多种方法可以实现 ,常用的方法…     

相位测量定位法在焦炉车辆上的应用与研究

文中通过测量载波相位进行定位的方法来解决焦炉车辆的定位问题，以达到无线定位的目的。并对定位的数学模型进行了详细的分析与论述。     

挤出法制备聚合物光纤过程中光纤直径的在线监测

聚合物光纤相对于石英光纤有许多优点。简要介绍了挤出法制备聚合物光纤(POF)的工艺流程和激光测径仪的工作原理。重点介绍了聚合物光纤直径在线监测的实现方法。以激光测径仪为测量手段,通过其RS232串行通信接口发送数据。基于虚拟仪器软件平台LabVIEW,编写了数据采集以及处理程序,实现了对直径数据的采集、显示、保存、分析等功能。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Many Drugs of Abuse May Be Acutely Transformed to Dopamine,Norepinephrine and Epinephrine In Vivo

It is well established that a wide range of drugs of abuse acutely boost the signaling of the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, where norepinephrine and epinephrine are major output molecules. This stimulatory effect is accompanied by such symptoms as elevated heart rate and blood pressure, more rapid breathing, increased body temperature and sweating, and pupillary dilation, as well as the intoxicating or euphoric subjective properties of the drug. While many drugs of abuse are thought to achieve their intoxicating effects by modulating the monoaminergic neurotransmitter systems (i.e., serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine) by binding to these receptors or otherwise affecting their synaptic signaling, this paper puts forth the hypothesis that many of these drugs are actually acutely converted to catecholamines (dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine) in vivo, in addition to transformation to their known metabolites. In this manner, a range of stimulants, opioids, and psychedelics (as well as alcohol) may partially achieve their intoxicating properties, as well as side effects, due to this putative transformation to catecholamines. If this hypothesis is correct, it would alter our understanding of the basic biosynthetic pathways for generating these important signaling molecules, while also modifying our view of the neural substrates underlying substance abuse and dependence, including psychological stress-induced relapse. Importantly, there is a direct way to test the overarching hypothesis: administer (either centrally or peripherally) stable isotope versions of these drugs to model organisms such as rodents (or even to humans) and then use liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to determine if the labeled drug is converted to labeled catecholamines in brain, blood plasma, or urine samples.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Novel polyurethane coating technology through glycidyl carbamate chemistry

Glycidyl carbamate chemistry combines the excellent properties of polyurethanes with the crosslinking chemistry of epoxy resins. Glycidyl carbamate functional oligomers were synthesized by the reaction of polyfunctional isocyanate oligomers and glycidol. The oligomers were formulated into coatings with several amine functional crosslinkers at varying stoichiometric ratios and cured at different temperatures. Properties such as solvent resistance, hardness, and impact resistance were dependent on the composition and cure conditions. Most coatings had an excellent combination of properties. Studies were carried out to determine the kinetics of the curing reaction of the glycidyl carbamate functional oligomers with multifunctional and model amines. Detailed kinetic analysis of the curing reactions was also undertaken. The results indicated that the glycidyl carbamate functional group is more reactive than a glycidyl ether group. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, on October 27–29, 2004, in Chicago, IL.