安多霖对微波辐射致大鼠脑损伤的预防作用研究

Objective To study the prevention effects of AduoLa Fuzhenglin(ADL)Oll the brain injury induced by microwave radiation in rats.Methods A total of 140 male Wismr rats were divided randomly into 5 groups,including control group,microwave exposed group,low dosage(0.75 g·kg-1·d-1)group.middle dosage(1.5 g·kg-1·d-1)group and high dosage(3 g·kg-1·d-1)group.Rats in three ADL groups were lavaged with ADL per day for 2 weeks before radiation.After administration,rats were exposed to microwave at 30 mW/cm2 for 15 min.The abilities of learning and memory were detected by Morris water maze,and the contents of amino acids neurotransmitter of hippocampus were detected by HPLC, then the histology and uhrastrncture of hippocampus were observed with light and electron microscope at 6 h,7 and 14 d after exposure.Results The abilities of learning and memory were declined(F=0.000-0.043,P<0.05)from 6 h to 7 d after exposure,and the contents of four kinds of amino acid neurotransmitter in hippocampus were decreased,of which GLU,GLY and GABA were decreased significantly(F=0.000-0.007,P<0.01)at 6h after exposure,then tissue edema,neuronal degeneration,neuron mitoehondria swelling and cavitation,endocytoplasmie rotieulum broaden,synaptic cleft blurred,and perivascular space widen were found in the hippocampus at 6 h and 7 d after exposure.The changes in low dosage group were similar to those of the radiation group.However,in middle and high dosage groups,the abilities of learning and memory were normal to some extent with the significant differences compared to the radiation group from 6 h to 7 d after exposure(F=0.015-0.028.P<0.05).The contents of four kinds of amino acid neurotransmitter were not decreased,especially GLU contents close tO normal level.There were significant differences between middle and high dosage groups and radiation group at 6 h after exposure(F=0.000-0.042,P<0.05).Moreover,no obvious injury in the hippocampus was observed in middle and high dosage groups at 6 h and 7 d after exposure.Conclusions Exposure to 30 mW/cm2 microwave radiation could decrease the abilities of learning and memory,induce amino acid neurotransmitter turbulence,and injure the histology and uhrastructure of hippocampus.ADL at the dosages of 1.5 and 3 g·kg-1·d-1 would have preventive effects on the injury induced by microwave exposure.The concentration of 1.5 g·kg-1 ·d-1 of ADL might be the effective dosage to prevent the brain damage after microwave exposure.     

安多霖对高功率微波辐射大鼠生精细胞凋亡的影响及机制研究

Objective To investigate the protection function of Anduolin (ADL) against exposure to high power microwave,and to probe the mechanism involved.Methods The SPF-class nude rats were randomly divided into ADL groups (Dose of 3,6 and 9 g/kg body weight),model group and control group.Rats in ADL groups were continuously ingested with ADL for 20 d.The rats in ADL groups and model group were exposed to high power microwave at average power density of 100 mW/cm2 for 10 min.Their testes were excised at 24 h,48 h and 5 d after exposure to microwave.Apoptosis of spormatogenic cells and the expression of Bax and Bcl-2 were detected with in situ end-labeling method and immuno-histochemistry method,respectively.Results At 24 h,48 h and 5 d after exposure to high power microwave,compared with control group,the counts of apoptotic spermatagenic cells in exposed model group were increased significantly (t=-41.89,-11.29 and -62.24,P＜0.05),while the ratio of Bcl-2/Bax in exposed group was decreased significantly( t=8.49,4.36 and 4.47,P＜0.05).At the same time,compared with the exposed group,the counts of apoptotie spormatogenic cells in 3,6,and 9 g/kg ADL groups were reduced significandy( F=5.25,9.79 and 15.35,P＜0.05),while the ratio of Bcl-2/Bax was enhanced significandy( F=20.17,11.75 and 11.98,P＜0.05).Conclusions The high power microwave could induce the apoptosis of spermatogenic cells.ADL protect the spermatogenic cells via the ratio Bel-2/Bax increasing.     

慢性镉染毒及联合辐射对大鼠的基因毒性作用

目的 探讨慢性镉染毒及联合辐射对大鼠的基因毒性.方法 雄性SD大鼠分设空白对照组、0.1 mg CdCl2·kg-1·d-1低剂量镉染毒组、0.5 mg CdCl2·kg-1·d-1高剂量镉染毒组、单纯照射组、低剂量镉染毒+照射组和高剂量镉染毒+照射组.腹腔注射镉染毒连续8周,1次/d,然后给予2 Gy γ照射.于照射后第10天或受照即日后继续染镉4周,心脏取血,采用多核细胞法检测外周血淋巴细胞微核率和hprt基因突变率,同时检测外周血白细胞数量变化和血镉含量.结果 大鼠低剂量镉染毒8周和12周组未观察到外周血细胞损伤,而辐射诱导的微核率(F=26.74,P<0.01和F=14.13,P＜0.05)和hprt基因突变率(F=6.60,P＜0.05)显著降低;高剂量镉染毒8周和12周组与空白对照组比较,外周血白细胞数显著增高(F=8.74,P＜0.01和F=13.11,P=0.000),淋巴细胞微核率(F=26.74,P＜0.05和F=14.13,P=0.000)和hprt基因突变率(F=6.60,P＜0.05和F=12.83,P＜0.05)明显增加,而高剂量镉染毒+照射组的基因毒性又显著高于单纯高剂量镉染毒组或单纯照射组,表现出联合毒性效应.结论 慢性、低剂量镉染毒诱导外周血淋巴细胞对辐射产生适应性效应,血镉浓度增加到613～678 μg/L时能刺激白细胞显著增加并与辐射联合作用加重对淋巴细胞的基因毒性.

Abstract：

objective To investigate the effects of chronic cadmium exposure and cadmium exposure combined with γ-ray irradiation on the peripheral lymphocytes and their genotoxicity on hprt gene.Methods Ninety-six SD rats were randomly divided into 6 equal groups:①normal control group,②lowdose cadmium exposure group undergoing intraperitoneal injection of 0.1 mg CdCl2·kg-1·d-1 for 8 weeks,③high-dose cadmium exposure group undergoing intraperitoneal injection of 0.5 mg CdCl2·kg-1·d-1 for 8 weeks,④pure irradiation group exposed to whole-body γ-ray irradiation at the dose of 2 Gy for one time,⑤low-dose cadmium exposure combined with irradiation group undergoing intraperitoneal injection of 0.1 mg CdCl2·kg-1·d-1 for 8 weeks and then whole-body 2 Gy γ-ray irradiation,and ⑥high-dose cadmium exposure combined with whole-body 2 Gy γ-ray irradiation group undergoing intraperitoneal injection of 0.5 mg CdCl2·kg-1·d-1 for 8 weeks and then whole-body 2 Gy γ-ray irradiation.Ten days after the irradiation cardiac blood samples were collected from some of the rats to culture the peripheral lymphocytes to detect the micronucleus rate and hprt mutant frequency of lymphocytes bv multinucleated cell assay.The other rats underwent continuous Cd exposure for 4 weeks after γ-ray irradiation and then cardiac blood samples were collected to detect the micronucleus rate and hprt mutant frequencv of lymphocytes.Meanwhile,the amount of white blood cells(WBC)was counted and the blood cadmium concentration was measured by ICP-MS.Results The numbers of WBC in the peripheral blood at different time points of the high dose cadmium group were significantly higher than those of the normal control group(F=8.74.P<0.01 and F=13.11,P=0.000).The micronucleus rate at difierent time points of the pure irradiation group were significantly higher than those of the control group( F = 26. 74 ,P =0. 000 and F = 14. 13, P = 0. 000). The micronucleus rates of the high-dose cadmium group were significantly higher than those of the control group( F = 26. 74 ,P <0. 05 and F = 14. 13 ,P = 0. 000 ). The micronucleus rates of the low-dose cadmium + irradiation group were significantly lower than those of the pure irradiation group( F = 26. 74, P < 0. 01 and F = 14. 13, P < 0. 05 ). The micronucleus rates of the highdose cadmium + irradiation group were significantly higher than those of the pure irradiation group ( F =26.74,P =0. 000 and F = 14. 13 ,P =0. 000). The hprt mutation rates at different time points of the pure irradiation group were significantly higher than those of the normal control group( F = 6.60, P < 0. 01 and F = 12.83 ,P = 0. 001 ). The hprt mutation rates of the high-dose cadmium group were significantly higher than those of the control group ( F = 6. 60, P < 0. 05 and F = 12.83, P < 0.05 ), but not significantly different from those of the pure irradiation group. However, the hprt mutation rates of the high-dose cadmium + irradiation group were significantly higher than those of the pure irradiation ( F = 12. 83, P =0. 000) and high-dose cadmium group( F = 6.60,P < 0.05 and F = 12. 83, P < 0.05 ). The hprt mutation rates of the low-dose cadmium + irradiation group were significantly lower than those of the pure irradiation ( F = 6. 60, P < 0. 05 ) , but not significantly different from those of the control group. Conclusions Chronic exposure to low dose cadmium induces the adaptive response of lymphocytes to radiation. The cadmium in blood at the level of 613-678 μg/L induces leukocytosis and chronic exposure to high dose cadmium combined with irradiation leads to increased genotoxicity of lymphocytes.     

穿心莲内酯对大鼠辐射损伤防护的实验研究

Objective To explore the effects of andrographolide(AP),extracted from the traditional Chinese herb Andrographlis paniculata(AP),on injury induced by radiation exposure.Methods Sixty male rats were randomly divided into 4 equal groups and irradiated with 60Co γ-rays at the doses of 1,2,and 4 Gy,respectively:low dose AP group(intragnstrically administered with AP at the dose of 100 ms/kg daily for 10 d before irradiation),and high dose AP group(intragastrically administered with AP at the dose of 200 ms/kg daily for 10 d before irradiation),model group(administered with the same volume of normal saline instead of AP for 10 d before irradiation),and control group(irradiated only at 3 different doses).One day after irradiation all rats were killed with their livers being fixed to make paraffin section.The morphological feature was observed under light microscope after HE staining,and the cell apoptosis was detected by TUNEL technology.Results Compared to the control and model groups,the pathological changes of liver were significantly gentler in the AP treatment groups.The apoptosis rates of the liver cells of all the AP sub-groups were significantly lower than those of the control and model subgroup(t=2.19-4.80.P<0.05).Conclusions AP might have prevention effect against radiation exposure.     

重组人白细胞介素-11和姜黄素对中子照射致小鼠肠道损伤的治疗作用

Objective To explore the therapeutic effect of recombinant human interleukin(rhIL-11) and curcumin on jejunal damage in mice after neutron irradiation.Methods 140 male BALB/c mice were randomly divided into 4 groups:20 mice in healthy control group,60 mice in mere irradiation group,30 mice in IL-11 treatment group and 30 mice in curcumin treatment group.The mere irradiation group mice were wholly exposed to 3 Gy neutron irradiation.The treatment groups mice were intraperitoneally enterocoelia once a day for 5 d after irradiation.The mortality of the mice were observed.The mice in the control and mere irradiation groups were killed 6 h,1,3,and 6 d post-irradiation,respectively,and the mice of the 2 treatment groups were killed 3 and 6 d post-irradiation,respectively and the samples of jujunum were colleted.HE staining,argyrophilic of nucleaolar organizer regions staining,Feulgen staining,and image analysis were used to observe the pathology and levels of argyrophilic proteins and DNA.Results The mice in the mere irradiation group all died at 5 d post-irradiation,while 2 mice in the IL-11 treatment group and 3 in the curcumin group survived.Large area necrosis and exfoliation were found in the intestinal epithelial mucosa of the mere irradiated group mice since 6 h to 3 d after irradiation.Crypt cell regeneration was seen occasionally found 3 days later and much more 5 days later.Crypt cell regeneration was obviously found in the intestinal epithelial mucosa and lots of new villi were observed 5 d after irradiation in both treatment groups,however,the amounts of crypt cells and new villi of the curcumin treatment group were less than those of the IL-11 treatment group.The contents of AgNOR and DNA in the intestinal epithelial cells 5 days after irradiation of the 2 treatment groups were all significantly higher than those of the mere irradiation group (F = 0.015-0.035,all P ＜ 0.05) but without significant differences between them.Conclusions Jejunal damage in mice could be induced after 3 Gy neutron irradiation.rhIL-11 and curcumin might reduce the damage and promote the regeneration and repair of the intestinal epithelium.     

神经生长因子基因转染联合强化铁营养防治豚鼠爆震性聋的实验研究

Objective To study the protective effects of adenovirus-mediated human beta-nerve growth factor gene (hNGFβ) transfer combined with iron fortified nutrition on blast hearing damage in guinea pigs. Methods Deafness was induced by blast (172dB SPL) in 35 healthy guinea pigs. Seven days after noise exposure, 10 guinea pigs were inoculated with adenovirus-mediated hNGFβ (Ad-hNGFβ) into the perilymphatic space (the gene group), another 10 guinea pigs were given hNGFβ combined with iron fortified nutritional diet (the combination group), still another 10 guinea pigs were inoculated with artificial perilymphatic fluid (APF), and 5 guinea pigs served as control, given neither medicine nor noise exposure. Auditory brainstem response (ABR) threshold shifts were monitored in the guinea pigs before blast exposure and after gene transfer. Changes in cochlear morphology were examined with immunohistochemical and HE staining. Results One week after successful inoculation of hNGFβ, it was noted that Ad-hNGFβ protein was expressed in each turn of the cochlea, and its intensity was almost equal. After gene transfer in the combination group and the gene group, ABR threshold shifts at week 1 and 4 were significantly smaller than those of the APF group. HE staining showed that the number of the spiral ganglion cells in the combination group and the Ad-hNGFβ group was significantly higher than that of the control group after 4 weeks (P<0.01). Conclusions Ad-hNGFβ combined with iron fortified nutritional diet was effective in the prevention and treatment of blast hearing damage of cochlear hair cells.     

神经生长因子基因转染联合强化铁营养防治豚鼠爆震性聋的实验研究

Objective To study the protective effects of adenovirus-mediated human beta-nerve growth factor gene (hNGFβ) transfer combined with iron fortified nutrition on blast hearing damage in guinea pigs. Methods Deafness was induced by blast (172dB SPL) in 35 healthy guinea pigs. Seven days after noise exposure, 10 guinea pigs were inoculated with adenovirus-mediated hNGFβ (Ad-hNGFβ) into the perilymphatic space (the gene group), another 10 guinea pigs were given hNGFβ combined with iron fortified nutritional diet (the combination group), still another 10 guinea pigs were inoculated with artificial perilymphatic fluid (APF), and 5 guinea pigs served as control, given neither medicine nor noise exposure. Auditory brainstem response (ABR) threshold shifts were monitored in the guinea pigs before blast exposure and after gene transfer. Changes in cochlear morphology were examined with immunohistochemical and HE staining. Results One week after successful inoculation of hNGFβ, it was noted that Ad-hNGFβ protein was expressed in each turn of the cochlea, and its intensity was almost equal. After gene transfer in the combination group and the gene group, ABR threshold shifts at week 1 and 4 were significantly smaller than those of the APF group. HE staining showed that the number of the spiral ganglion cells in the combination group and the Ad-hNGFβ group was significantly higher than that of the control group after 4 weeks (P<0.01). Conclusions Ad-hNGFβ combined with iron fortified nutritional diet was effective in the prevention and treatment of blast hearing damage of cochlear hair cells.     

神经生长因子基因转染联合强化铁营养防治豚鼠爆震性聋的实验研究

Objective To study the protective effects of adenovirus-mediated human beta-nerve growth factor gene (hNGFβ) transfer combined with iron fortified nutrition on blast hearing damage in guinea pigs. Methods Deafness was induced by blast (172dB SPL) in 35 healthy guinea pigs. Seven days after noise exposure, 10 guinea pigs were inoculated with adenovirus-mediated hNGFβ (Ad-hNGFβ) into the perilymphatic space (the gene group), another 10 guinea pigs were given hNGFβ combined with iron fortified nutritional diet (the combination group), still another 10 guinea pigs were inoculated with artificial perilymphatic fluid (APF), and 5 guinea pigs served as control, given neither medicine nor noise exposure. Auditory brainstem response (ABR) threshold shifts were monitored in the guinea pigs before blast exposure and after gene transfer. Changes in cochlear morphology were examined with immunohistochemical and HE staining. Results One week after successful inoculation of hNGFβ, it was noted that Ad-hNGFβ protein was expressed in each turn of the cochlea, and its intensity was almost equal. After gene transfer in the combination group and the gene group, ABR threshold shifts at week 1 and 4 were significantly smaller than those of the APF group. HE staining showed that the number of the spiral ganglion cells in the combination group and the Ad-hNGFβ group was significantly higher than that of the control group after 4 weeks (P<0.01). Conclusions Ad-hNGFβ combined with iron fortified nutritional diet was effective in the prevention and treatment of blast hearing damage of cochlear hair cells.     

神经生长因子基因转染联合强化铁营养防治豚鼠爆震性聋的实验研究

Objective To study the protective effects of adenovirus-mediated human beta-nerve growth factor gene (hNGFβ) transfer combined with iron fortified nutrition on blast hearing damage in guinea pigs. Methods Deafness was induced by blast (172dB SPL) in 35 healthy guinea pigs. Seven days after noise exposure, 10 guinea pigs were inoculated with adenovirus-mediated hNGFβ (Ad-hNGFβ) into the perilymphatic space (the gene group), another 10 guinea pigs were given hNGFβ combined with iron fortified nutritional diet (the combination group), still another 10 guinea pigs were inoculated with artificial perilymphatic fluid (APF), and 5 guinea pigs served as control, given neither medicine nor noise exposure. Auditory brainstem response (ABR) threshold shifts were monitored in the guinea pigs before blast exposure and after gene transfer. Changes in cochlear morphology were examined with immunohistochemical and HE staining. Results One week after successful inoculation of hNGFβ, it was noted that Ad-hNGFβ protein was expressed in each turn of the cochlea, and its intensity was almost equal. After gene transfer in the combination group and the gene group, ABR threshold shifts at week 1 and 4 were significantly smaller than those of the APF group. HE staining showed that the number of the spiral ganglion cells in the combination group and the Ad-hNGFβ group was significantly higher than that of the control group after 4 weeks (P<0.01). Conclusions Ad-hNGFβ combined with iron fortified nutritional diet was effective in the prevention and treatment of blast hearing damage of cochlear hair cells.     

神经生长因子基因转染联合强化铁营养防治豚鼠爆震性聋的实验研究

Objective To study the protective effects of adenovirus-mediated human beta-nerve growth factor gene (hNGFβ) transfer combined with iron fortified nutrition on blast hearing damage in guinea pigs. Methods Deafness was induced by blast (172dB SPL) in 35 healthy guinea pigs. Seven days after noise exposure, 10 guinea pigs were inoculated with adenovirus-mediated hNGFβ (Ad-hNGFβ) into the perilymphatic space (the gene group), another 10 guinea pigs were given hNGFβ combined with iron fortified nutritional diet (the combination group), still another 10 guinea pigs were inoculated with artificial perilymphatic fluid (APF), and 5 guinea pigs served as control, given neither medicine nor noise exposure. Auditory brainstem response (ABR) threshold shifts were monitored in the guinea pigs before blast exposure and after gene transfer. Changes in cochlear morphology were examined with immunohistochemical and HE staining. Results One week after successful inoculation of hNGFβ, it was noted that Ad-hNGFβ protein was expressed in each turn of the cochlea, and its intensity was almost equal. After gene transfer in the combination group and the gene group, ABR threshold shifts at week 1 and 4 were significantly smaller than those of the APF group. HE staining showed that the number of the spiral ganglion cells in the combination group and the Ad-hNGFβ group was significantly higher than that of the control group after 4 weeks (P<0.01). Conclusions Ad-hNGFβ combined with iron fortified nutritional diet was effective in the prevention and treatment of blast hearing damage of cochlear hair cells.     

安多霖对高功率微波辐射大鼠生精细胞凋亡的影响及机制研究

目的 探讨安多霖对微波辐射的防护作用及作用机制。方法 选用SPF级雄性SD大鼠,随机分为3个给药组,剂量分别为3、6、9 g/kg,另设辐射模型组和健康对照组,每组20~21只。给药组大鼠连续灌胃安多霖20 d ,停药后,给药组和辐射模型组动物行一次平均功率密度为100 mW/cm²高功率微波全身辐照10min,健康对照组不辐照。动物分别于辐照后24、48 h和5 d 取睾丸组织,制作睾丸石蜡切片,采用原位末端标记术(TUNEL)检测睾丸生精细胞凋亡,免疫组化法检测细胞凋亡相关蛋白Bax和Bcl-2。结果 微波辐射后24、48 h和5 d,与健康对照组相比,辐射组睾丸生精细胞的凋亡数明显升高(t=-41.89、-11.29、-62.24,P<0.05),Bcl-2/Bax比值明显降低(t=8.49、4.36、4.47,P<0.05);而与辐射组相比,低、中和高剂量给药组的凋亡细胞数显著降低(F=5.25、9.79、15.35, P<0.05), Bcl-2/Bax比值明显升高(F=20.17、11.75、11.98, P<0.05)。结论 高功率微波辐射可诱导大鼠生精细胞凋亡增加,安多霖对细胞凋亡有明显抑制作用。安多霖抑制大鼠睾丸生精细胞凋亡的机制可能与其能够上调Bcl-2及下调Bax蛋白的表达,改变了Bcl-2/Bax的比值有关。     

长期食入低剂量贫铀对大鼠的生殖毒性研究

目的 研究长期食入低剂量贫铀对大鼠的生殖毒性。方法给予初断乳大鼠含贫铀饲料，食入贫铀的剂量分别为0、0．4、4和40mg·k^-1·d^-1，4个月后，采用两代-窝法观察整体生殖毒性效应；放射免疫法检测睾酮（T）、黄体生成素（LH）、卵泡刺激素（FSH）等血清性激素水平；比色法测定睾丸中乳酸脱氢酶同工酶（LDH—X）、琥珀酸脱氢酶（SDH）及Na^＋-K^＋’ATPase、ca2’-ATPase等精子生成和代谢有关酶的比活性。结果亲代（F0代）大鼠各项指标未见显著改变。子代（F1代）高剂量组的受孕率、正常分娩存活率、幼仔出生存活率、幼仔哺育存活率均下降，与对照组相比，差异有统计学意义。食入贫铀的F0代大鼠血清性激素含量较正常组增加，但F1代除T升高外，其余性激素均下降。Fn代高剂量组睾丸中LDH含量降低；F1代大鼠中、高剂量组SDH、LDH和Na^＋-K^＋-ATPaSe含量降低。结论长期食入低剂量的贫铀对F0代大鼠未见明显生殖毒性，但F1代大鼠的生殖毒性效应显著增加。     

The effects of dobutamine stress on cardiac mechanical synchrony determined by phase analysis of gated SPECT myocardial perfusion imaging in a canine model

Background

Precise identification of left ventricular (LV) systolic mechanical dyssynchrony may be useful in optimizing the response to cardiac resynchronization therapy in heart failure (HF) patients. However, LV dyssynchrony is mostly measured at rest; patients often suffer from the HF symptoms during exercise.

Objectives

Our objective was to examine the impacts of stress on LV synchronism with phase analysis of gated SPECT myocardial perfusion imaging (GMPS) within a normal animal cohort.

Methods

Stress was induced with different levels of dobutamine infusion in six healthy canine subjects. Hemodynamic properties were assessed by LV pressure measurements. Also, LV mechanical synchronism (coordination of LV septal and lateral wall at the time of contraction) was determined by phase analysis of GMPS using commercially available QGS software and in-house MHI₄MPI software, with the thickening- and displacement-based method. Synchrony indexes in MHI₄MPI included the septal-to-lateral delay and homogeneity index, derived from each of the two methods. Also, bandwidth, SD, and entropy (synchrony indexes) of the QGS software were assessed.

Results

LVEF increased from 36.7% ± 8.7% at rest to 53.67% ± 12.34% at 20 μg·kg^?1·minute^?1 (P < .001). Also, cardiac output increased from 3.67 ± 1.0 L·minute^?1 at rest to 8.4 ± 2.6 L·minute^?1 at 10 μg·kg^?1·minute^?1 (P < .001). The same trend was observed for dP/dt _max which increased from 1,247 ± 382.7 at rest to 5,062 ± 1,800 mm Hg·s^?1 at 10 μg·kg^?1·minute^?1 (P < .01). Entropy decreased from 55.2% ± 8% at baseline to 43.5% ± 8.5% at 5 and 43.0% ± 3.7% at 10 μg·kg^?1·minute^?1 dobutamine (P < .01). Thickening homogeneity index showed a difference from 91.7% ± 5.53% at rest to 98.2% ± 0.75% at 20 μg·kg^?1·minute^?1 (P < .05).

Conclusions

Dobutamine stimulation could amplify the ventricular synchronism, and the thickening-based approach is more accurate than wall displacement for assessment of mechanical dyssynchrony in GMPS.     

安多霖对微波辐射致大鼠胸腺和脾脏组织学及超微结构损伤的预防作用研究

目的观察安多霖对微波辐射致大鼠胸腺和脾脏组织学及超微结构损伤的预防作用。方法 Wistar雄性大鼠280只,随机分为短期（14 d）及长期（28 d）安多霖预防组,每组140只。每组又随机分为空白对照组、辐射组及0.75、1.5、3 g/（kg.d）安多霖预防组。辐射组及预防组动物连续灌胃给药14 d（每天1次）后进行30 mW/cm2微波辐射15 min,于停药（辐射）后6 h、7 d及14 d将动物分批活杀,采用光镜及电镜观察胸腺和脾脏的组织学及超微结构改变。结果短期安多霖预防组：停药后6 h及7 d,辐射组及0.75 g/（kg.d）安多霖预防组大鼠脾脏组织学及超微结构明显损伤,胸腺无明显改变;1.5及3 g/（kg.d）安多霖预防组：辐射后6 h及7 d,脾脏改变较辐射组明显减轻,停药后14 d各组病变基本恢复;长期预防组改变与短期预防组规律相同。结论预防性给予1.5 g/（kg.d）安多霖可对30 mW/cm2微波辐射引起的大鼠免疫器官结构损伤有明显的改善作用;给药28 d与给药14 d效果无明显差异。     

胶原蛋白肽对X射线照射小鼠免疫功能的影响

目的 了解胶原蛋白肽（CP）对X射线照射小鼠免疫功能的调节作用。方法 ICR小鼠按体重分层随机分为5组,分别为健康对照组、2 Gy、5 Gy、2 Gy+CP 600 mg·kg^-1·d^-1组（2 Gy CP）和5 Gy+CP 600 mg·kg^-1·d^-1组（5 Gy CP）。6 MV X射线单次全身照射诱导免疫抑制小鼠模型,剂量率为6 Gy/min。2 Gy CP和5 Gy CP组的小鼠连续7 d腹腔注射给予胶原蛋白肽600 mg/kg。测量小鼠体质量、胸腺和脾脏质量,计算胸腺和脾脏指数;检测刀豆蛋白A（ConA）诱导的脾脏T淋巴细胞增殖能力及脾脏T淋巴细胞分泌的白介素-2（IL-2）的水平。结果 与健康对照组相比,X射线照射小鼠的胸腺指数、脾脏指数、脾脏T 淋巴细胞增殖能力及IL-2浓度显著降低（F=76.857、181.870、63.133、8.499,P<0.05）。腹腔注射胶原蛋白肽后,与同等剂量单纯照射小鼠比较,上述指标均有所恢复。结论 腹腔注射胶原蛋白肽能够增强X射线照射小鼠的免疫功能。     

低剂量螺旋CT扫描在口腔正畸中的应用

目的 探讨牙齿螺旋CT扫描时降低kV、mA值患者接受的射线剂量及其对图像质量的影响。方法 随机表法将30例口腔正畸患者分为常规剂量组(120 kV、200 mA)、低kV组(80 kV、200 mA)和低mA组(120 kV、80 mA)。扫描时记录容积CT剂量指数(CTDI)及扫描长度,并计算出平均剂量长度乘积(DLP)。对不同扫描参数的图像质量评分进行统计学分析。结果 常规剂量组、低kV组和低mA组的CTDI值分别为43.6、15.0和17.5 mGy,DLP分别为(375.40±13.99)、(128.10±6.30)和(151.90±6.00) mGy·cm,各组图像质量评分差异无统计学意义。结论 牙齿低剂量螺旋CT扫描技术,尤其是低kV扫描,既显著减少辐射剂量,又能保证图像质量。     

安多霖对微波辐射致大鼠海马细胞色素C氧化酶变化的影响

目的探讨中药复方制剂（安多霖）对微波辐射后大鼠海马线粒体呼吸链细胞色素C氧化酶（cytochromec oxidase,COX）变化的影响。方法 100只Wistar雄性大鼠随机分为3个对照组,即正常对照组、辐射预防对照组、辐射治疗对照组和2个安多霖组,即3 g/（kg.d）安多霖预防组及3 g/（kg.d）安多霖治疗组,每组20只。安多霖预防组大鼠于给药后第15天进行微波辐射;安多霖治疗组大鼠于辐射后当天开始连续给药14 d,均1次/d。采用30 mW/cm2微波辐射15 min,于辐射后6 h和14 d活杀动物取海马,通过比色法检测大鼠海马COX活性的变化;采用实时定量PCR和Western印迹检测大鼠海马COXⅠ、ⅣmRNA以及COXⅠ蛋白表达变化。结果辐射预防和治疗两对照组于停药后6 h COX活性、COXⅠ、ⅣmRNA,COXⅠ蛋白均降低（P〈0.05或P〈0.01）;安多霖预防组较辐射预防对照组COX活性及基因表达有不同程度提高,与正常对照组无明显差异;安多霖治疗组与辐射治疗对照组相比明显提高（P〈0.05）,且基本恢复正常。结论给予3 g/（kg.d）安多霖对微波辐射致大鼠海马线粒体呼吸链COX表达降低有较明显改善作用,其治疗效果更为显著。     

微波辐射对大鼠海马线粒体形态及能量代谢的影响

目的探讨微波辐射对大鼠海马线粒体形态及能量代谢的影响。方法采用30mW／cm^2微波辐射30只雄性Wiser大鼠，于辐射后6h、1d、3d和7d活杀取海马，采用电镜观察线粒体超微结构改变，酶活性染色显示线粒体ATP酶活性改变，分光光度计测定线粒体琥珀酸脱氢酶（succino denhydrogenase,SDH）、单胺氧化酶（monoamine oxidase，MAO）活性，高效液相色谱测量线粒体腺苷酸含量的变化。结果30mW／cm^2微波辐射后6h，海马线粒体大小、形状不规则，辐射后1和3d线粒体损伤加重，出现肿胀、空化、嵴紊乱、短小、数量减少等改变。SDH活性和ATP含量在辐射后6h降低，3d降至最低（P〈0．01），7d呈恢复趋势。ATP酶和MAO活性变化一致，于辐射后1和3d活性升高最为显著（P〈0．01）。结论微波辐射可损伤大鼠海马线粒体结构与功能，使线粒体能量代谢酶异常。     

Réponses cardiorespiratoires des personnes âgées sur ergocycle et rameur en vue de l’individualisation de l’entraînement

Aim. – A comparison of cycle and rowing ergometer, the heart rate values at ventilatory threshold 1 (SV1) for healthy elderly people. The derived regression between the two ergometers would make it possible to carry out only one test on either ergometer to set individualized training loads.Methods. – A group of 18 healthy subjects aged 64.4 ± 4.7 years carried out two triangular tests on cycle ergometer and rowing ergometer.Results. – At SV1, heart rate was not significantly different between the two ergometers (118.3 ± 13.0 batt.min^–1 on cycle ergometer; 120.9 ± 15.3 batt.min^–1 on rowing ergometer) and no difference either for the oxygen uptake (17.1 ± 6.2 ml.min^–1.kg^–1 on cycle ergometer; 17.8 ± 6.2 ml.min^–1.kg^–1 on rowing ergometer). On cycling and rowing ergometers, at maximum exercise, the maximum oxygen uptake and maximum ventilatory did not present a significant difference and were represented, respectively, by: 26.5 ± 8.7, 26.1 ± 7.7 ml.min^–1.kg^–1 and 69.5 ± 8.7, 70.3 ± 7.7 l.min^–1.Conclusion. – There was no differences between HR at SV1, no regressions necessary to estimate one HR value from the other and, only one ergometer test is necessary to determine individualized training HR at SV1 in elderly people.     

730名放射工作人员眼晶状体混浊风险分析

目的 探索小剂量长期慢性照射与眼晶状体混浊之间的关系。方法 抽取一个体检机构1 007份在岗放射工作人员一个完整年度职业健康体检资料进行统计分析。采用Logistic回归分析,调整年龄、性别、放射工龄后,估计不同职业照射岗位眼晶状体混浊的风险比值比（OR）。眼晶状体混浊按照部位分为皮质部、核部和后囊下混浊。任何一只眼睛的晶状体出现混浊即记为混浊。结果 信息完整能够进行统计分析的有730例。放射工作人员眼晶状体各部位混浊率为10.27%。诊断放射学与放射治疗组（普通放射诊疗组）、介入组、核医学组、工业应用组混浊率分别为9.07%、11.11%、18.18%、9.33%。与放射诊疗组相比,介入组、核医学组的放射工作人员更易发生后囊下晶状体混浊,OR值和95%置信区间分别为3.00 （1.23~7.33）、4.12 （1.68~10.11）。结论 长期慢性接受小剂量照射从事介入、核医学的放射工作人员晶状体混浊,尤其是辐射所致特异的后囊下晶状体混浊检出率显著高于放射诊疗组。