烧结铁矿中FeO含量对其在富氢高炉中还原行为的影响

Japan started the national project “COURSE 50” for CO₂ reduction in the 2000s. This project aimed to establish novel technologies to reduce CO₂ emissions with partially utilization of hydrogen in blast furnace-based ironmaking by 30% by around 2030 and use it for practical applications by 2050. The idea is that instead of coke, hydrogen is used as the reducing agent, leading to lower fossil fuel consumption in the process. It has been reported that the reduction behavior of hematite, magnetite, calcium ferrite, and slag in the sinter is different, and it is also considerably influenced by the sinter morphology. This study aimed to investigate the reduction behavior of sinters in hydrogen enriched blast furnace with different mineral morphologies in CO–CO₂–H₂ mixed gas. As an experimental sample, two sinter samples with significantly different hematite and magnetite ratios were prepared to compare their reduction behaviors. The reduction of wustite to iron was carried out at 1000, 900, and 800°C in a CO–CO₂–H₂ atmosphere for the mineral morphology-controlled sinter, and the following findings were obtained. The reduction rate of smaller amount of FeO led to faster increase of the reduction rate curve at the initial stage of reduction. Macro-observations of reduced samples showed that the reaction proceeded from the outer periphery of the sample toward the inside, and a reaction interface was observed where reduced iron and wustite coexisted. Micro-observations revealed three layers, namely, wustite single phase in the center zone of the sample, iron single phase in the outer periphery zone of the sample, and iron oxide-derived wustite FeO and iron, or calcium ferrite-derived wustite 'FeO' and iron in the reaction interface zone. A two-interface unreacted core model was successfully applied for the kinetic analysis of the reduction reaction, and obtained temperature dependent expressions of the chemical reaction coefficients from each mineral phases.     

Mg和La对Ca–Ti 处理钢中夹杂物演变和组织的影响

The evolution of inclusions and the formation of acicular ferrite (AF) in Ca–Ti treated steel was systematically investigated after Mg and La addition. The inclusions in the molten steel were Ca–Al–O, Ca–Al–Mg–O, and La–Mg–Ca–Al–O after Ca, Mg, and La addition, respectively. The type of oxide inclusion in the final quenched samples was the same as that in the molten steel. However, unlike those in molten steel, the inclusions were Ca–Al–Ti–O + MnS, Ca–Mg–Al–Ti–O + MnS, and La–Ca–Mg–Al–Ti–O + MnS in Mg-free, Mg-containing, and La-containing samples, respectively. The inclusions distributed dispersedly in the La-containing sample. In addition, the average size of the inclusions in the La-containing sample was the smallest, while the number density of inclusions was the highest. The size of effective inclusions (nucleus of AF formation) was mainly in the range of 1–3 μm. In addition, the content of ferrite side plates (FSP) decreased, while the percentage of AF increased by 16.2% due to the increase in the number of effective inclusions in the La-containing sample in this study.     

具有良好可再生性的新型二氧化硅磁性氧化石墨烯纳米复合材料

Graphene oxide (GO) wrapped Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles (NPs) were prepared by coating the Fe₃O₄ NPs with a SiO₂ layer, and then modifying by amino groups, which interact with the GO nanosheets to form covalent bonding. The SiO₂ coating layer plays a key role in integrating the magnetic nanoparticles with the GO nanosheets. The effect of the amount of SiO₂ on the morphology, structure, adsorption, and regenerability of the composites was studied in detail. An appropriate SiO₂ layer can effectively induce the GO nanosheets to completely wrap the Fe₃O₄ NPs, forming a core-shell Fe₃O₄@SiO₂@GO composite where Fe₃O₄@SiO₂ NPs are firmly encapsulated by GO nanosheets. The optimized Fe₃O₄@SiO₂@GO sample exhibits a high saturated adsorption capacity of 253 mg·g?1 Pb(II) cations from wastewater, and the adsorption process is well fitted by Langmuir adsorption model. Notably, the composite displays excellent regeneration, maintaining a ~90% adsorption capacity for five cycles, while other samples decrease their adsorption capacity rapidly. This work provides a theoretical guidance to improve the regeneration of the GO-based adsorbents.     

摩擦焊接碳钢（EN24）和镍基高温合金（IN718）的显微组织和力学性能

Continuous-drive rotary friction welding was performed to join cylindrical specimens of carbon steel (EN24) and nickel-based superalloy (IN718), and the microstructures of three distinct weld zones—the weld interface (WI)/thermo-mechanically affected zone (TMAZ), the heat-affected zone (HAZ), and the base metal—were examined. The joint was observed to be free of defects but featured uneven flash formation. Electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) analysis showed substantial changes in high-angle grain boundaries, low-angle grain boundaries, and twin boundaries in the TMAZ and HAZ. Moreover, significant refinement in grain size (2–5 μm) was observed at the WI/TMAZ with reference to the base metal. The possible causes of these are discussed. The microhardness profile across the welded joint shows variation in hardness. The changes in hardness are ascribed to grain refinement, phase transformation, and the dissolution of strengthening precipitates. The tensile test results reveal that a joint efficiency of 100% can be achieved using this method.     

汽车暴露面板带有表面条状缺陷的夹杂物分布特征分析:一种定量电解方法

The specific distribution characteristics of inclusions along with the sliver defect were analyzed in detail to explain the formation mechanism of the sliver defect on the automobile exposed panel surface. A quantitative electrolysis method was used to compare and evaluate the three-dimensional morphology, size, composition, quantity, and distribution of inclusions in the defect and non-defect zone of automobile exposed panel. The Al₂O₃ inclusions were observed to be aggregated or chain-like shape along with the sliver defect of about 3–10 μm. The aggregation sections of the Al₂O₃ inclusions are distributed discretely along the rolling direction, with a spacing of 3–7 mm, a length of 6–7 mm, and a width of about 3 mm. The inclusion area part is 0.04%–0.16% with an average value of 0.08%, the inclusion number density is 40 mm?2 and the inclusion average spacing is 25.13 μm. The inclusion spacing is approximately 40–160 μm, with an average value of 68.76 μm in chain-like inclusion parts. The average area fraction and number density of inclusions in the non-defect region were reduced to about 0.002% and 1–2 mm?2, respectively, with the inclusion spacing of 400 μm and the size of Al₂O₃ being 1–3 μm.     

在酸性溶液中加压氧化三价砷离子和二价铁离子

The co-oxidation of As(III) and Fe(II) in acidic solutions by pressured oxygen was studied under an oxygen pressure between 0.5 and 2.0 MPa at a temperature of 150°C. It was confirmed that without Fe(II) ions, As(III) ions in the solutions are virtually non-oxidizable by pressured oxygen even at a temperature as high as 200°C and an oxygen pressure up to 2.0 MPa. Fe(II) ions in the solutions did have a catalysis effect on the oxidation of As(III), possibly attributable to the production of such strong oxidants as hydroxyl free radicals (OH·) and Fe(IV) in the oxidation process of Fe(II). The effects of such factors as the initial molar ratio of Fe(II)/As(III), initial pH value of the solution, oxygen pressure, and the addition of radical scavengers on the oxidation efficiencies of As(III) and Fe(II) were studied. It was found that the oxidation of As(III) was limited in the co-oxidation process due to the accumulation of the As(III) oxidation product, As(V), in the solutions.     

活化天然矿石选择性还原二氧化碳为无定形碳

Natural magnetite formed by the isomorphism substitutions of transition metals, including Fe, Ti, Co, etc., was activated by mechanical grinding followed by H₂ reduction. The temperature-programmed reduction of hydrogen (H₂-TPR) and temperature-programmed surface reaction of carbon dioxide (CO₂-TPSR) were carried out to investigate the processes of oxygen loss and CO₂ reduction. The samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). The results showed that the stability of spinel phases and oxygen-deficient degree significantly increased after natural magnetite was mechanically milled and reduced in H₂ atmosphere. Meanwhile, the activity and selectivity of CO₂ reduction into carbon were enhanced. The deposited carbon on the activated natural magnetite was confirmed as amorphous. The amount of carbon after CO₂ reduction at 300°C for 90 min over the activated natural magnetite was 2.87wt% higher than that over the natural magnetite.     

含钛高炉炉渣微波合成碳化钛及其介电性能测定

The preparation of functional material titanium carbide by the carbothermal reduction of Ti-bearing blast furnace slag with microwave heating is an effective method for valuable metals recovery; it can alleviate the environmental pressure caused by slag stocking. The dynamic dielectric parameters of Ti-bearing blast furnace slag/pulverized coal mixture under high-temperature heating are measured by the cylindrical resonant cavity perturbation method. Combining the transient dipole and large π bond delocalization polarization phenomena, the interaction mechanism of the microwave macroscopic non-thermal effect on the titanium carbide synthesis reaction was revealed. The material thickness range during microwave heating was optimized by the joint analysis of penetration depth and reflection loss, which is of great significance to the design of the microwave reactor for the carbothermal reduction of Ti-bearing blast furnace slag.     

RAPD技术在实验动物中的应用

随着生物医学的发展 ,实验动物种质资源的保护和利用、实验动物的标准化问题已成为当今实验动物科学发展的主题。实验动物遗传背景分析、品种或品系的鉴定、引种和繁育均需要一定的遗传标记辅助完成 ,分子遗传标记作为一种有效精确的监测手段 ,突破了形态学标记、细胞学标记和同功酶标记等表达型标记的局限性 ,可以从分子水平揭示物种的遗传变异 ,在许多领域发挥着独特的作用。RAPD技术是 1990年被首次提出 ,由于该方法具有简便、快速、成本低、信息含量丰富等特点 ,在生物类群种属分类鉴定、遗传图谱构建、物种亲缘关系的确定以及种群遗…     

动物基因图谱的研究现状及其应用

随着人类基因组测序的完成，近年来，动物基因组计划也取得了巨大进展．目前已有猪、牛、羊、马、鹿、鸡等动物绘制了较完善的遗传图谱。这些图谱的建立对了解动物整个基因组结构和对家畜中与重要经济性状相关的基因或遗传标记的鉴定及对家畜开展分子标记辅助选择均十分重要，该文从国内外构建动物基因图谱的方法、研究现状及发展趋势等方面对动物基因图谱的研究作了简要阐述；并探讨了其在基因定位、遗传分析、分子标记辅助选择和研究动物染色体行为等方面的应用。     

DNA分子标记在水稻遗传育种上的应用

综述了近年来DNA分子标记在水稻遗传图谱的构建,基因标记,辅助选择育种等方面研究的应用.     

DNA分子标记技术在果树上的应用

近20年来,随着分子生物学技术的发展,出现了一类重要的遗传标记--DNA分子标记。本文综述了DNA分子标记技术的原理、特点及其在果树上的研究进展,并对其存在问题和解决途径及应用前景进行了讨论。     

DNA分子标记技术在海水鱼类遗传育种中的应用与展望

DNA分子标记技术自问世以来已被广泛应用于动植物的遗传育种领域,应用该技术来开展海水鱼类遗传育种的研究对海洋鱼类资源的保护与开发有着重要意义.阐述了DNA分子标记技术在海水鱼类遗传育种研究中的应用现状,并对我国鱼类遗传育种工作提出了若干意见,同时就其发展前景作了展望.     

分子标记及其在作物育种上的应用

分子标记是随着遗传学的发展而诞生的一种基于DNA多态性的遗传标记.主要综述了几种分子标记的基本原理及其在作物育种上的应用,实践证明,分子标记技术为作物育种提供了一种新的研究手段,必将在作物育种领域开拓广阔的应用前景.     

猫遗传多态性的研究进展

实验用猫自19世纪末用于科学研究,现已广泛用于医药研发等各个领域,并作为人类遗传性疾病和感染性疾病的动物模型越来越受重视。猫的质量(尤其是遗传质量)对研究结果的准确性,重复性以及科学性有重要的影响。定期开展遗传质量检测,可有效避免实验用猫的种质退化、遗传漂移,减少实验结果误差等。随着生化标记和DNA分子标记的出现,为了解猫的遗传结构提供了更为简便可靠的方法。本文主要就生化标记和DNA分子标记在研究猫的遗传结构和多态性中的研究现状以及存在的问题进行了探讨。     

微卫星与生化位点法对BALB/c小鼠遗传检测比较分析

目的 应用微卫星DNA标记检测BALB/c小鼠的遗传质量,并与现行国家标准生化标记法进行比较,探讨其在近交系小鼠遗传监测中的应用,为建立微卫星DNA检测方法奠定基础。方法 采用20个微卫星基因位点和毛细管电泳技术对BALB/c小鼠进行遗传质量检测,同时采用现行国家标准生化标记法进行检测比较分析。结果 各样品20个微卫星基因位点DNA片段大小相同,没有新的等位基因出现;生化标记检测结果亦显示Akp1等14个生化标记基因均为纯合,个体间生化标记表型均一致,根据国家标准符合品系特征。微卫星DNA标记检测结果与生化标记检测结果一致。结论 微卫星DNA标记可准确可靠、方便快捷地检测近交系小鼠遗传质量,本研究所选的20个微卫星基因位点可用于BALB/c小鼠遗传质量监测。     

扩增片段长度多态性技术在动物遗传多样性研究中的应用

扩增片段长度多态性(AFLP)是一种有效的分子遗传标记方法,具有快速、经济、简便、模板需要量少、重复性高、结果可靠等优点。目前AFLP在动物方面的应用还不是很多,处于初级阶段,主要用于鉴定分类关系、种群遗传多样性分析、遗传连锁图谱构建等方面。     

AFLP技术及其在动物遗传育种中的应用

扩增片段长度多态性(AFLP)被称为“下一代分子标记”。是检测DNA多态性的一种新技术．该技术可靠性强,多态性检出率高,因而被认为是最有效的DNA指纹分析技术,AFLP已广泛应用于分类学、种群遗传学、病理学、DNA指纹分析的研究和建立数量性状基因图谱,成为最主要的遗传标记,论述了AFLP的原理、特点、影响实验成功的关键因素及在动物遗传育种中的应用。