掺铒钨碲酸盐玻璃光谱性质的研究

研究了掺铒钨碲酸盐玻璃的吸收光谱和荧光光谱。应用JuddOfelt理论计算了Er3+的光谱强度参数Ωt(t=2,4,6)、自发辐射跃迁几率、荧光分支比和辐射寿命。从光谱强度参数的计算说明掺铒钨碲酸盐玻璃中Er—O键的共价性强于碲酸盐玻璃中Er—O键的共价性。玻璃的荧光半高宽为52nm,大于Er3+在磷酸盐和硅酸盐玻璃中的荧光半高宽。应用McCumber理论,计算了钨碲酸盐玻璃中Er3+离子在峰值波长1532nm的受激发射截面,为0.91×10-20cm2,大于Er3+在碲酸盐玻璃中的受激发射截面0.75×10-20cm2。由于掺铒钨碲酸盐玻璃的玻璃转变温度高、有较大的声子能量、较宽的荧光半高宽和较大的受激发射截面,是制作高增益的光波导放大器的理想材料。     

Yb3+和Ce3+对Er3+掺杂碲酸盐玻璃光谱性质的影响

;在掺Er3 的70TeO2-20ZnO-5La2O3-5Nb2O5(各组成以摩尔比计)玻璃中引入Yb3 和Ce3 ,分析比较了975nm泵浦下Yb3 和Ce3 对于Er3 的1.5μm波段红外荧光和可见上转换发光特性的影响.结果表明:在掺Er3 的碲酸盐玻璃中引入Yb3 ,有效地提高了Er3 的1.5μm波段红外荧光强度、展宽了其荧光谱,也显著增强了可见上转换发光强度.随着玻璃中Ce3 的引入,进一步提高了Er3 的4I11/2→4I13/2能级间无辐射弛豫速率,1.5μm波段红外荧光也得到进一步增强,但可见上转换发光大幅减弱.与Er3 /Yb3 共掺相比,Er3 /yb3 /Ce3 共掺碲酸盐玻璃是一种更为理想的应用于1.5 μm波段宽带放大器的增益介质.     

Spectroscopic Properties and Energy Transfer Mechanism of Er^3＋/Yb^3＋/Ce^3＋ Codoped Tellurite-based Glasses

为进一步揭示多稀土离子共掺低声子能量玻璃中Er3＋的光谱特性及其发光机理,采用高温熔融法制备了Er3＋/Yb3＋/Ce3＋共掺组分为（72.5–x）TeO2–20ZnO–5La2O3–0.5Er2O3–2Yb2O3–xCe2O3（x=0,0.4,0.7,1.0,摩尔分数x%）的碲酸盐玻璃,通过测量吸收光谱、荧光光谱和无掺杂样品的Raman光谱,以及计算相应能级间的吸收截面和受激发射截面,研究并分析了Yb3＋和Ce3＋离子掺杂对于Er3＋的1.55μm波段荧光特性的影响。结果显示：Yb3＋和Ce3＋的引入能显著增强975nm泵浦下Er3＋的1.55μm波段荧光强度。分析表明：Er3＋在1.55μm波段荧光强度的增强主要归结于Yb3＋/Yb3＋、Yb3＋/Er3＋离子间的共振能量传递过程以及基于单声子和双声子辅助的Er3＋/Ce3＋离子间的能量传递过程,并通过计算得到了相应稀土离子间的能量传递微观参数和声子所作的贡献比。     

掺铒0.7TeO2-0.2ZnO碲酸盐玻璃的热膨胀性能探讨

研究表明掺铒TeO2-ZnO碲酸盐玻璃具有良好的热力学稳定性和光学性能.本文通过对掺杂不同浓度Er2O3的TeO2-ZnO碲酸盐玻璃的热膨胀性能进行测试,依据玻璃的热机械分析(TMA)测试曲线来分析碲酸盐玻璃的热膨胀性能的影响规律,以期得到一种具有良好热力学稳定性以及热膨胀性能的光纤放大器用碲酸盐玻璃基质.     

Tm3+离子浓度对碲酸盐玻璃热稳定性及光谱性能的影响

用高温熔融冷淬法制备Tm3+离子掺杂75TeO2-20ZnO-5La2O3碲酸盐玻璃,运用差示扫描量热仪(DSC)分析了玻璃样品的热稳定性,结果表明样品均具有良好的热稳定性.根据紫外-可见-近红外分光光度计测量得到的玻璃吸收光谱,运用Judd-Ofelt理论,计算了Tm3+离子在碲酸盐玻璃中的Judd-Ofelt强度参数、自发辐射概率A、荧光分支比β和辐射寿命ΤR等光谱参数.当掺杂浓度为0.8mol％时,玻璃热稳定性好,3H4的荧光寿命最长,为0.285ms,有望成为一种理想的S波段宽带光纤放大器用基质材料.     

掺铒0.7TeO2-0.2ZnO碲酸盐玻璃的热稳定性研究

本文探讨了0.7TeO2-0.2ZnO玻璃系统中Er2 O3掺杂浓度对玻璃热力学稳定性的影响,确立了0.7TeO2-0.2ZnO玻璃系统中Er2O3掺杂浓度的最优值,制备出一种具有良好热力学稳定性的适合于光纤放大器用的碲酸盐玻璃基质.     

Er3+掺杂TeO2-WO3-ZnO玻璃的发光性质

制备了不同组成和掺Er3 量的TeO2 WO3ZnO(TWZ)玻璃样品 ,测量了样品的吸收光谱和 970nmLD激发下的荧光光谱、荧光寿命。对制得的Er2 O3掺杂摩尔分数为 0 .6%的玻璃样品 ,由吸收光谱测得的 1.5 μm峰值吸收截面及计算的受激发射截面分别为 0 .74～0 .77pm2 和 0 .86～ 0 .90pm2 ,且玻璃的组成对其影响很小 ;Er3 在摩尔组成为 75TeO2 2 0WO35ZnO的TWZ玻璃中具有较大的荧光发射半高宽 (fullwidthathalfmaximum ,FWHM) ,且随掺Er3 量的增加 ,Er3 1.5 μm发射荧光强度和FWHM总体呈增加趋势 ,实验得到掺Er3 量为 3 .3 4× 10 2 0 /cm3时的FWHM为 80nm。研究同时发现Er3 在TWZ玻璃中具有很好的溶解性且其浓度猝灭效应较小     

掺铒铋酸盐玻璃和掺铒碲酸盐玻璃的荧光俘获和浓度猝灭效应

用高温熔融法制备了系列掺铒铋酸盐和碲酸盐玻璃,用分光光度计测试吸收光谱,并用荧光光谱仪测试了不同铒离子掺杂浓度时玻璃样品的荧光光谱和荧光寿命.结果显示:掺铒后,铋酸盐玻璃和碲酸盐玻璃中存在着强烈的荧光俘获和浓度猝灭效应.随着玻璃中铒离子掺杂浓度的增加,1.53 μm波段荧光谱展宽,1 560 m波长处荧光次峰增强,但相对于铋酸盐玻璃,碲酸盐玻璃具有更为强烈的荧光俘获效应.同时,随着铒离子掺杂浓度的增加,4I13/2能级荧光寿命和1.53 μm波段荧光强度呈先增加后减小趋势.根据Dexter能量转移理论,计算并分析比较了这2种宽带玻璃系统中铒离子发生浓度猝火的临界距离R0及相互作用参数Cer-Er.     

羟基对掺铒铋酸盐玻璃1.53 μm波段荧光及信号放大特性的影响

用高温熔融法制备了组分为Bi2O3-B2O3-SiO3铋酸盐掺铒玻璃,研究了羟基含量对玻璃中Er3+的1.53 μm波段荧光和对光纤中信号放大特性的影响.研究表明:通过氧气鼓泡除水处理.能有效地去除玻璃中羟基,从而显著提高1.53μm波段荧光强度.同时,对铋酸盐掺铒玻璃光纤中Er3+离子数速率方程和光功率传输方程的理论模拟表明:减少纤芯玻璃中羟基含量可以使1 520～1 620mm范围内信号增益得到不同程度的提高.因此,除水处理对于铋酸盐掺铒玻璃应用于1.53μm波段宽带光纤放大器是非常必要的.     

铋碲酸盐玻璃中钐离子的光学和光谱特性

制备了高折射率钐离子掺杂铋碲酸盐玻璃,测量并利用Brewster定律计算的玻璃折射率nd=2.344。测试与分析了玻璃的吸收和荧光光谱,根据Judd Ofelt理论对吸收光谱进行了拟合,求得Sm3+的光谱参量Ωt(t=2,4,6)分别为4.73×10~(-20),2.78×10~(-20),1.77×10~(-20)cm2,并进一步计算了Sm3+在玻璃中各能级跃迁的振子强度、自发辐射跃迁几率、辐射寿命和荧光分支比等光谱参数。激发光谱表明:氩离子激光器和紫外、蓝色激光二极管及发光二极管是Sm~(3+)掺杂铋碲酸盐玻璃有效的泵浦光源。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Many Drugs of Abuse May Be Acutely Transformed to Dopamine,Norepinephrine and Epinephrine In Vivo

It is well established that a wide range of drugs of abuse acutely boost the signaling of the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, where norepinephrine and epinephrine are major output molecules. This stimulatory effect is accompanied by such symptoms as elevated heart rate and blood pressure, more rapid breathing, increased body temperature and sweating, and pupillary dilation, as well as the intoxicating or euphoric subjective properties of the drug. While many drugs of abuse are thought to achieve their intoxicating effects by modulating the monoaminergic neurotransmitter systems (i.e., serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine) by binding to these receptors or otherwise affecting their synaptic signaling, this paper puts forth the hypothesis that many of these drugs are actually acutely converted to catecholamines (dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine) in vivo, in addition to transformation to their known metabolites. In this manner, a range of stimulants, opioids, and psychedelics (as well as alcohol) may partially achieve their intoxicating properties, as well as side effects, due to this putative transformation to catecholamines. If this hypothesis is correct, it would alter our understanding of the basic biosynthetic pathways for generating these important signaling molecules, while also modifying our view of the neural substrates underlying substance abuse and dependence, including psychological stress-induced relapse. Importantly, there is a direct way to test the overarching hypothesis: administer (either centrally or peripherally) stable isotope versions of these drugs to model organisms such as rodents (or even to humans) and then use liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to determine if the labeled drug is converted to labeled catecholamines in brain, blood plasma, or urine samples.     

Novel polyurethane coating technology through glycidyl carbamate chemistry

Glycidyl carbamate chemistry combines the excellent properties of polyurethanes with the crosslinking chemistry of epoxy resins. Glycidyl carbamate functional oligomers were synthesized by the reaction of polyfunctional isocyanate oligomers and glycidol. The oligomers were formulated into coatings with several amine functional crosslinkers at varying stoichiometric ratios and cured at different temperatures. Properties such as solvent resistance, hardness, and impact resistance were dependent on the composition and cure conditions. Most coatings had an excellent combination of properties. Studies were carried out to determine the kinetics of the curing reaction of the glycidyl carbamate functional oligomers with multifunctional and model amines. Detailed kinetic analysis of the curing reactions was also undertaken. The results indicated that the glycidyl carbamate functional group is more reactive than a glycidyl ether group. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, on October 27–29, 2004, in Chicago, IL.