化学工程与工艺专业“卓越工程师教育培养计划”的初步总结

简述"卓越工程师"培养的重要意义,明确"卓越工程师"培养的核心任务。结合四川大学化学工程与工艺专业"卓越工程师"培养的设想及措施,从人才培养标准模式、师资队伍建设、毕业论文多样化改革、校企联合培养平台、创新实验平台、学科竞赛平台六个方面对"卓越工程师"培养作初步探索,为建设具有中国特色的卓越工程师培养积累经验。     

化学工程与工艺专业综合改革与建设初探

根据专业综合改革的建设目标,对化学工程与工艺专业进行了一年的综合改革与建设工作,在人才培养方案制订、教学团队建设、课程改革与教学资源建设、教学方式方法改革、实践教学环节改革、教学管理改革等专业发展重要环节取得了良好的进展和较好的绩效,为化学工程与工艺专业卓越工程师的教育培养奠定了坚实的基础。     

基于卓越工程师培养的物理化学教学改革与探索

"卓越工程师培养计划"是我国高等教育领域的一项重大改革。文章从优化理论课内容、加强实验教学环节、增加人文教育内容、采用"三个结合"的教学方法、合理利用教学资源、加强综合素质的考核等六个方面对化学工程与工艺专业卓越班的物理化学课进行了教学改革。     

化学工程与工艺专业卓越工程师人才培养模式的思考与探索

随着我国经济社会发展和高等教育改革的需要,教育部启动和推进了卓越工程师教育培养计划(PETOE),创新应用型本科人才培养模式成为当前实施质量工程、提高本科教学质量的重要任务。武汉理工大学的化学工程与工艺专业采取"1+2+1"模式实施卓越工程师培养计划,以实现教学、科研、工业三位一体的教学模式。该教学模式的实施和实现将可为高校化学工程与工艺专业卓越工程师的培养和改革提供参考和借鉴。     

化学工程与工艺专业本科层次卓越工程师计划校企联合培养模式的研究

针对新疆地区化工人才的需求,文章从卓越工程师的培养目标,培养模式及实施计划的保障措施三个方面,探讨了石河子大学与疆内相关化工企业深度开展校企联合培养化学工程与工艺专业卓越工程师教学模式,相信该教学改革模式的实施和实现将会为高校化学工程与工艺专业卓越工程师人才的培养与改革提供参考与借鉴。     

面对“卓越工程师教育培养计划”的工业催化教学改革研究

对传统工业课程进行改革研究是"卓越工程师教育培养计划"必须完成的一项至关重要而又具有挑战性的关键工作。文章根据"卓越工程师教育培养计划"的总体要求,为了培养高质量的化学工程与工艺专业卓越工程师,系统地分析和研究化学工程专业必修科目《工业催化》的课程体系,教学方法,教学内容改革,以及考核方式,以期为化工专业的卓越工程师奠定催化理论和催化工程实践的基础。     

化学工程与工艺专业卓越工程师培养计划的构想

针对化工类卓越工程师的培养教育问题,本文从卓越工程师的培养目标、培养方案及培养模式三个方面,探讨了太原理工大学对开展校企深度合作培养化学工程与工艺专业工程师教育模式的初步构想,以期为我国化工工程师人才培养提供有益的指导。     

以现代煤化工为学科内涵,制定“化学工程”卓越工程师人才培养体系的企业培养方案

针对最新的"卓越工程师教育培养计划"体制标准,以煤化工为学科内涵制定具有特色的"化学工程"卓越工程师企业阶段的培养方案。本文旨在对煤化工特色专业的培养方案进行探索和创新,以中国矿业大学化学工程专业人才培养为例,制定一个长期有效有弹性的卓越工程师培养方案。     

以能源化工为特色的卓越工程师计划人才培养模式的探索与实践

成功实施“卓越计划”的目的是培养特色鲜明的卓越工程师.本文结合太原理工大学化学工程与工艺专业“卓越计划”的实施情况,以“能源化工”为专业特色方向,从构建基础课及专业课程群体系、改革教学内容、方法和教学手段、加强师资队伍建设、校企合作建立国家级工程实践教育中心及国内、国际“卓越计划”交流活动五个方面展开论述,对化学工程与工艺专业“卓越计划”人才培养模式进行了有益的探索与实践,能为成功实施与深化“卓越计划”提供借鉴和参考.     

化学工程与工艺专业综合改革与建设

为适应国家西部能源大开发、西北地区特别是陕西省石油天然气和煤炭工业发展对化学工程与工艺专业高素质工程技术人才的需要,化学工程与工艺专业要着力培养学生的创新精神和工程实践能力。本文根据专业综合改革的建设目标,从培养方案制订、课程体系建设、专业梯队建设、教学资源建设、实践教学环节改革及教学过程管理等方面阐述了化学工程与工艺专业改革的探索与实践,并提出了有待改革和完善的工作,为化学工程与工艺专业的人才培养奠定了基础。     

Sapindaceae,cyanolipids, and bugs

Scentless plant bugs (Heteroptera: Rhopalidae) are so named because adults of the Serinethinae have vestigial metathoracic scent glands. Serinethines are seed predators of Sapindales, especially Sapindaceae that produce toxic cyanolipids. In two serinethine species whose ranges extend into the southern United States,Jadera haematoloma andJ. sanguinolenta, sequestration of host cyanolipids as glucosides renders these gregarious, aposematic insects unpalatable to a variety of predators. The blood glucoside profile and cyanogenesis ofJadera varies depending on the cyanolipid chemistry of hosts, and adults and larvae fed golden rain tree seeds (Koelreuteria paniculata) excrete the volatile lactone, 4-methyl-2(5H)-furanone, to which they are attracted.Jadera fed balloon vine seeds (Cardiospermum spp.) do not excrete the attractive lactone. Loss of the usual heteropteran defensive glands in serinethines may have coevolved with host specificity on toxic plants, and the orientation ofJadera to a volatile excretory product could be an adaptive response to save time.Mention of a commercial product does not consititute an endorsement by the USDA.     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Many Drugs of Abuse May Be Acutely Transformed to Dopamine,Norepinephrine and Epinephrine In Vivo

It is well established that a wide range of drugs of abuse acutely boost the signaling of the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, where norepinephrine and epinephrine are major output molecules. This stimulatory effect is accompanied by such symptoms as elevated heart rate and blood pressure, more rapid breathing, increased body temperature and sweating, and pupillary dilation, as well as the intoxicating or euphoric subjective properties of the drug. While many drugs of abuse are thought to achieve their intoxicating effects by modulating the monoaminergic neurotransmitter systems (i.e., serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine) by binding to these receptors or otherwise affecting their synaptic signaling, this paper puts forth the hypothesis that many of these drugs are actually acutely converted to catecholamines (dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine) in vivo, in addition to transformation to their known metabolites. In this manner, a range of stimulants, opioids, and psychedelics (as well as alcohol) may partially achieve their intoxicating properties, as well as side effects, due to this putative transformation to catecholamines. If this hypothesis is correct, it would alter our understanding of the basic biosynthetic pathways for generating these important signaling molecules, while also modifying our view of the neural substrates underlying substance abuse and dependence, including psychological stress-induced relapse. Importantly, there is a direct way to test the overarching hypothesis: administer (either centrally or peripherally) stable isotope versions of these drugs to model organisms such as rodents (or even to humans) and then use liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to determine if the labeled drug is converted to labeled catecholamines in brain, blood plasma, or urine samples.     

2008～2009年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2008年7月～2009年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2008～2009年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况。按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、环氧树脂、不饱和聚酯树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍。     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.