ZMT614-xY(x=0,0.1,0.5,1.0)镁合金加工硬化行为研究

利用光学金相显微镜(OM)、X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)以及能谱(EDS)对不同Y含量的ZMT614-x Y(x=0,0.1,0.5,1.0)合金挤压态和时效态的微观组织和加工硬化行为进行了研究。结果表明:ZMT614-x Y(x=0,0.1,0.5,1.0)合金挤压态和时效态的晶粒尺寸随着Y含量的增加而减小。当Y质量分数达到1%时,出现新的不规则块状Mg Sn Y相。通过ZMT614-x Y(x=0,0.1,0.5,1.0)合金挤压态和时效态的真应力-应变曲线得到加工硬化率(θ)和加工硬化指数(n)。由于晶粒细化,合金挤压态和时效态的加工硬化率θ随着Y含量的增加而减小。在合金的塑性变形过程中,发生位错的动态回复,合金挤压态和时效态的加工硬化率θ随着变形量的增加而减小。     

Cu-0.4Zr-0.15Y合金动态再结晶临界条件

利用Gleeble-1500D型热模拟试验机对Cu-0.4Zr-0.15Y合金进行高温单次轴向热压缩试验,研究该合金在应变速率范围为0.001~10 s~(-1),热变形温度为550~900℃条件下的热变形行为。通过真应力-真应变数据得出材料的加工硬化率θ,结合lnθ-ε曲线和-(lnθ)/ε-ε曲线特征,研究Cu-0.4Zr-0.15Y合金热变形过程的再结晶临界条件。结果表明:Cu-0.4Zr-0.15Y合金应力-应变具有动态再结晶特征;该合金的lnθ-ε曲线拐点处对应于-(lnθ)/ε-ε曲线的最小值,最小值所对应的应变是临界应变ε_c;临界应变ε_c的变化与应变速率和变形温度有关,临界应变ε_c与Zener-Hollomon参数Z之间的函数关系为ε_c=6.4×10~(-3)Z~(0.07768),且临界应变ε_c与峰值应变ε_p之间满足ε_c/ε_p=0.448。同时,Cu-0.4Zr-0.15Y合金发生动态再结晶组织演变与变形温度和应变速率有关。     

珠光体钢丝冷变形加工硬化行为研究

采用不同含碳量的热处理后镀铜钢丝,主要研究了珠光体钢丝在冷拉拔变形过程中的抗拉强度与真应变的关系,并探讨了珠光体钢丝的加工硬化行为。结果表明:当真应变小于2.12时,钢丝的抗拉强度随着真应变的增加呈线性增加趋势。珠光体钢丝的加工硬化过程分为三个阶段:真应变ε1.5时,材料加工硬化率随真应变的增加而下降,加工硬化指数较低;1.5≤ε≤4.0时,加工硬化率随真应变的增加而增加,加工硬化指数快速升高;真应变ε4.0后,加工硬化率急剧下降,加工硬化指数呈抛物线下降。     

一种具有TRIP/TWIP效应的高强高塑性亚稳β钛合金设计及发展

相比不锈钢或Co-Cr合金,钛合金的低塑性以及加工硬化行为的缺失严重限制了其在高强和高塑性环境下的应用。针对这两大缺陷,本文将不锈钢中的TRIP/TWIP效应引入到β钛合金设计中,采用d-电子设计方法和控制合金电子浓度(e/a)的策略,通过控制合金的β稳定性,设计出具有TRIP/TWIP效应,极好的冷加工性能(冷轧变形率>95%),高强(抗拉强度UTS：900~1200MPa),优异塑性(均匀塑性变形能力ε~40%)和良好的加工硬化行为(加工硬化区间超过350MPa)的Ti-Mo基亚稳β钛合金。显微结构分析表明Ti-Mo基合金在塑性变形过程中产生了应力诱发马氏体相变α?和{332}<113>机械孪晶,这导致合金具有以上优异的性能。     

Cu-Cr-Zr-Y合金动态再结晶临界机制

利用Gleeble-1500D热模拟试验机,采用高温等温压缩试验,对Cu-0.4Cr-0.15Zr-0.04Y合金在应变速率为0.001~10 s-1、变形温度为650~850℃、最大变形程度为50%条件下的动态再结晶行为以及组织转变进行了研究。利用加工硬化率和应变(θ-ε)的关系曲线确定了该合金发生动态再结晶的形变条件为T≥750℃,应变速率小于0.1 s-1;根据θ-σ模型,确立了合金变形特征参数之间的关系:σc/σp=0.86,εc/εp=0.30;同时建立了合金变形特征参数与Z参数的关系:εp=2.61×10-3Z0.14,εc=7.83×10-4Z0.14。Cu-0.4Cr-0.15Zr-0.04Y合金在热变形过程中的动态再结晶机制受变形温度和应变速率的控制。当温度达到850℃,应变速率为0.001 s-1时,合金发生完全的动态再结晶。     

具有高强高塑性和良好加工硬化行为的新型亚稳β钛合金设计及发展

本实验将不锈钢中的TRIP/TWIP效应(TRIP:相变诱发的塑形变形,TWIP:孪晶诱发的塑形变形)引入到β钛合金设计中,采用d-电子设计方法和控制合金电子浓度(e/a)的策略,通过控制合金的β稳定性,设计出具有TRIP/TWIP效应,极好的冷加工性能(冷轧变形率95%),高强(抗拉强度,UTS:900～1200 MPa),优异塑性(均匀塑性变形能力ε约40%)和良好的加工硬化行为(加工硬化区间超过350 MPa)的Ti-Mo基亚稳β钛合金。显微结构分析表明Ti-Mo基合金在塑性变形过程中产生了应力诱发马氏体相变αy和{332}113机械孪晶,这导致合金具有以上优异的性能。     

基于Al-Cu-Li合金流变行为的动态再结晶动力学与形核机制

对Al-Cu-Li合金进行温度300~500℃、应变速率0.001~10s~(-1)的等温热压缩,分析合金的流变行为:结合TEM和EBSD研究合金热变形过程中的组织演变。结果表明:合金流变曲线分为3个阶段:加工硬化阶段、过渡阶段和稳态变形阶段;变形温度越高,流变应力达到动态平衡所需应变量越小。基于应变硬化率(θ)与流变应力(σ)之间的关系,确定动态再结晶的临界应变(ε_c);不同热变形条件下的临界应变(ε_c)与峰值应变(ε_p)之比为0.30342~0.92828;临界应力(σ_c)与峰值应变(σ_p)之比为0.88492~0.99782。引入最大软化率应变(ε~*)和中间变量Z/A,建立ε_c和ε~*与Z/A的关系表达式。构建Al-Cu-Li合金动态再结晶动力学模型,模型表明,温度越高或应变速率越低,越有利于促进动态再结晶分数的增加;显微组织分析结果与模型预测规律一致。Al-Cu-Li合金动态再结晶形核机制主要为晶界突出形核机制、亚晶合并长大机制以及粒子促进形核机制,随温度升高和应变速率的降低,晶内亚晶合并长大机制得到加强。     

微观组织对共析钢室温加工硬化行为的影响

通过不同热机械处理工艺,分别获得片层珠光体、球化珠光体、超细化(α+θ)复相组织以及细晶(α+θ)复相组织等4种不同组织的共析钢.利用室温单轴拉伸实验、SEM和TEM等手段研究了上述组织对共析钢室温加工硬化行为的影响.结果表明:片层珠光体组织具有抗拉强度高、屈强比小且均匀延伸率低的特点,这与其初始加工硬化率高、加工硬化率随应变量增加而下降的程度有直接关系.其它3种铁素体/渗碳体粒子复相组织的初始加工硬化率较低,但下降趋势较缓,表现出较好的塑性变形能力.与球化珠光体相比,组织细化使超细化(α+θ)复相组织和细晶(α+θ)复相组织具有更好的强度与塑性配合.     

AZ41M镁合金动态再结晶临界条件

采用Gleeble-1500D型热/力模拟试验机在变形温度300~450℃、应变速率0.005~1 s-1条件下对AZ41M镁合金进行热模拟压缩试验。用计算加工硬化率的方法处理试验数据,再结合lnθ-ε曲线的拐点及–?(lnθ)/?ε-ε曲线最小值判据,建立合金热变形过程中的动态再结晶临界应变模型。根据热压缩实验数据,分析温度和应变速率等工艺参数对合金动态再结晶的影响。结果表明:在该实验条件下,AZ41M镁合金的lnθ-ε曲线均具有拐点特征,对应的-?(lnθ)/?ε-ε曲线均出现最小值,该最小值所对应的应变即为临界应变εc,得到合金临界应变预测模型;临界应变随变形温度的降低和应变速率的增加而增大,且峰值应变εp和临界应变εc的比值满足εp/εc=1.97。     

亚稳态材料的应变硬化曲线与硬化参量

亚稳态奥氏体不锈钢低温拉伸时 ,由于存在应变诱发马氏体相变 ,硬化曲线呈S形。在工程应力应变曲线上每隔 1 .5%的应变区间利用Hollomon关系 ,发现硬化指数n随着应变率的增大而相应减小 ;且硬化指数n和硬化率dσ/dε随着应变的增加呈抛物线形变化。因此 ,稳定材料中关于n的一系列规律均不适用。     

高锰TRIP/TWIP效应共生钢高速变形过程中的组织演变及变形行为

对18Mn-3Al-3Si和21Mn-3Al-3Si高锰TRIP/TWIP效应共生钢动态变形过程中的变形行为,应变硬化速率、真应力和应变硬化指数随真应变的变化,以及应变硬化和基体软化间的相互作用等进行了研究,采用OM,SEM,TEM和XRD等方法对变形前后的组织进行了分析.结果表明,高应变速率下,TRIP/TWIP效应共生钢应变诱发相变途径为γ→ε→α;高速变形对滑移的抑制、奥氏体向马氏体的相变和形变孪晶对奥氏体晶粒的细化是应变硬化的主要因素;造成基体软化的原因是绝热温升效应、ε→γ的逆相变和孪晶的动态再结晶.     

Ti-15Mo-3Al-2.7Nb-0.2Si钛合金绝热剪切带的微观结构演化

采用分离式Hopkinson压杆技术对Ti-15Mo-3Al-2.7Nb-0.2Si钛合金的帽形试样进行了强迫剪切试验,通过扫描电镜(SEM)及透射电镜(TEM)研究了Ti-15Mo-3Al-2.7Nb-0.2Si钛合金在动态加载下绝热剪切带的微观结构演化.结果表明:Ti-15Mo-3Al-2.7Nb-0.2Si钛合金由于其组织以bee晶格的a相为主,具有较好的变形能力,因此其绝热剪切带的形成是位错运动的结果;剪切带的微观结构演化过程为:晶粒在外加切应力作用下拉长变形一拉长晶粒的破碎-形成呈一定方向排列的细小等轴晶:带内形成的细小等轴晶尺寸为O.2～0.4ìm.     

Extended strain hardening by a sequential operation of twinning induced plasticity and transformation induced plasticity in a low Ni duplex stainless steel

Extended strain hardening was realized by a sequential operation of twinning induced plasticity (TWIP) followed by transformation induced plasticity (TRIP) in a Fe-20Cr-3Mn-2Cu-1Ni-1Si-0.2N duplex stainless steel (DSS). As a result, the present DSS exhibited an excellent combination of strength — ductility of 900 MPa which was 75% superior to that of conventional DSSs. The deformed microstructures of the present DSS revealed that strain induced martensite (SIM) causing TRIP primarily nucleated at intersections of mechanical twins without formation of ε martensite which is an intermediate phase during SIM transformation. In addition, the sequential operation of TWIP-TRIP enables strain hardening to be extended to higher strains compared to the operation of TWIP alone.     

Effect of carbon addition on solidification behavior,phase evolution and creep properties of an intermetallic β-stabilized γ-TiAl based alloy

Improving mechanical properties of advanced intermetallic multi-phase γ-TiAl based alloys, such as the Ti-43.5Al-4Nb-1Mo-0.1B alloy (in at.%), termed TNM alloy, is limited by compositional and microstructural adaptations. A common possibility to further improve strength and creep behavior of such β-solidifying TiAl alloys is e.g. alloying with β-stabilizing substitutional solid solution hardening elements Nb, Mo, Ta, W as well as the addition of interstitial hardening elements C and N which are also carbide and nitride forming elements. Carbon is known to be a strong α-stabilizer and, therefore, alloying with C is accompanied by a change of phase evolution. The preservation of the solidification pathway via the β-phase, which is needed to obtain grain refinement, minimum segregation and an almost texture-free solidification microstructure, in combination with an enhanced content of C, requires a certain amount of β-stabilizing elements, e.g. Mo. In the present study, the solidification pathway, C-solubility and phase evolution of C-containing TNM variants are investigated. Finally, the creep behavior of a refined TNM alloy with 1.5 at.% Mo and 0.5 at.% C is compared with that exhibiting a nominal Ti-43.5Al-4Nb-1Mo-0.1B alloy composition.     

Effect of Manganese Content on Tensile Deformation Behavior of Fe-Mn-C TWIP SteelsEI北大核心CSCD

Twinning-induced plasticity (TWIP) steels exhibit excellent mechanical properties including high tensile strength and good plasticity owing to their high strain-hardening rate. The high strain-hardening rate results mainly from deformation twinning; in addition, plane slip and dynamic strain ageing also have some contribution to strain-hardening rate. Until now, the influences of some alloy elements such as C, Al and Si on tensile properties of Fe-Mn-C based TWIP steels have received much attention. However, the effect of Mn content on the microstructure and tensile properties of twinning-dominated Fe-Mn-C TWIP steels is still not clear. In this work, the microstructure, tensile properties and strain hardening behavior of two Fe-Mn-C TWIP steels (Fe-13Mn-1.0C and Fe-22Mn-1.0C, mass fraction, %) were studied by using OM, TEM, SEM-EBSD and monotonic tensile tests. The results show that the yield and tensile strengths of the steel decrease while the elongation to fracture increases with the increase of Mn content. At low tensile strains, the increase of Mn content delays the formation of deformation twins. However, at higher strain level, the deformation twinning rate becomes higher and hence more deformation twins are produced in the steel with higher Mn content than that in the steel with lower Mn content. Furthermore, the thickness of deformation twins increases with increasing the Mn content. The twinning and tensile deformation behavior in the two steels are also discussed.     

亚稳β型TRIP/TWIP钛合金研究进展

综述了当前国内外学者关于具有相变诱发塑性/孪晶诱发塑性(transformation induced plasticity/twinning induced plasticity,TWIP/TRIP)效应的亚稳β型钛合金的研究进展。介绍了该类钛合金的设计方法。统计了近几年开发的TWIP/TRIP钛合金家族成员及其力学性能,归纳了合金在塑性变形过程中的变形产物及其形成机制,指出了该类钛合金在发展过程中遇到的一些问题。     

动态冲击条件下Ti-15Mo时效钛合金的变形机制

通过固溶时效处理Ti-15Mo合金获得片层组织,采用分离式霍普金森压杆（SHPB）研究应变速率对变形机制产生的影响,结合绝热温升、显微组织和硬度分析表明：由于位错与第二相的相互作用,导致流变应力曲线发生波动。提高应变速率,一方面造成应变速率强化;另一方面促进绝热升温软化。合金温度达到379K时,热软化效应超过应变硬化效应,变形方式由均匀塑性变形变为绝热剪切变形。绝热剪切带的宽度随切应变的增加而增大,通过亚晶旋转再结晶机制产生等轴晶粒。再结晶的界面强化导致组织硬度由高到低为：混合组织>条状组织>基体组织。时效处理抑制应力诱发孪生（TWIP）效应,造成合金较低的应变硬化能力,劣化材料的动态力学性能。     

Mechanical and electrochemical characterization of Ti-12Mo-5Zr alloy for biomedical application

We have fabricated a new β metastable titanium alloy that comprised of non-toxic elements Mo and Zr. Ingot with composition of Ti-12Mo-5Zr is prepared by melting pure metals in a vacuum non-consumable arc melting furnace. The alloy is then homogenized and solution treated under different temperature. The alloy is characterized by optical microscopy, X-ray diffraction, tensile tests and found to have an acicular martensitic α″ + β structure and dominant β phase for the 1053 K and 1133 K solution treatment samples, respectively. The elastic modulus of the latter is about 64 GPa, which is much lower than those of pure Ti and Ti-6Al-4V alloy. In addition, it had moderate strength and much higher microhardness as compared with Ti-6Al-4V alloy. The results show better mechanical biocompatibility of this alloy, which will avoid stress shielding and thus prevent bone resorption in orthopedic implants applications. As long-term stability in biological environment is required, we have also evaluated the electrochemical behavior in a simulated body fluid (Hank's solution). Potentiodynamic polarization curves exhibits that the 1133 K solution treatment Ti-12Mo-5Zr sample has better corrosion properties than Ti-6Al-4V and is comparable to the pure titanium. The good corrosion resistance combined with better mechanical biocompatibility makes the Ti-12Mo-5Zr alloy suitable for use as orthopedic implants.     

Large deformation behavior of twin-induced plasticity steels under high-pressure torsion

A high-manganese twinning-induced plasticity (TWIP) steel is processed by high-pressure torsion (HPT) for up to 1 turn under 6 GPa pressure. The HPT-processed TWIP steels exhibit a homogeneous microstructure with a peak hardness of Hv 550. Deformation twinning is developed significantly in the early stage of the shear deformation, but is exhausted soon after 1/2 turn. The strength of the HPT-processed TWIP steel significantly increased due to the accumulation of dislocations, but elongation dramatically decreased due to a lack of dislocations available for plastic deformations. An analysis of the evolution of strength by imposed large strain under high pressure suggests that strain hardening due to dislocation and twinning is exhausted in the early stages of the HPT process. Further strategy for enhancing both strength and ductility is proposed.     

New formula relating the yield stress-strain with the strength coefficient and the strain-hardening exponent

The main purpose of this paper is to search formulas for different metals that relate the yield stress-strain with the strength coefficient and the strain-hardening exponent. For this purpose, the test data of nine alloys were used as basic data and the applicability of Hollomon’s equation at the yield point of the alloy was studied. This paper explores new equations relating the yield stress-strain with the strength coefficient and the strain-hardening exponent. At the same time, the study introduces a new fracture-ductility parameter. The new fracture-ductility parameter not only describes the applicability of the new equations to these alloys, but may also be better at describing the hardening behavior of a metallic material.