混杂纤维复合材料性能研究

对碳纤维织物、玻璃纤维织物和芳纶织物的性能进行测试,采用热熔法分别制备了一种增韧中温固化环氧碳纤维织物预浸料、玻璃纤维织物预浸料和芳纶织物预浸料。预浸料以单种预浸料铺层和不同纤维织物预浸料混合铺层方式铺贴组合,通过模压法成型复合材料层合板,进行性能测试并对比。结果表明,增韧中温固化环氧树脂的不同纤维织物预浸料混合铺层成型的层压板力学性能可以根据铺层设计优化,并不损失不同纤维铺层之间的界面性能。     

超薄T700/环氧树脂预浸料力学性能研究及微观结构表征

为了研究超薄碳纤维树脂基预浸料力学性能并探究其微观结构,制备了常规和超薄预浸料层合板,对其进行了基础力学性能测试并利用金相显微镜、扫描电子显微镜及原子力显微镜表征了微观结构。通过对比发现,薄层化提高了复合材料宏观拉伸性能,降低了弯曲和层间剪切性能,但是薄层化后的复合材料在抵抗基体分层裂纹方面表现出了显著的优势;同时薄层化会使纤维在树脂中分布均匀,层间孔隙减少,纤维与树脂的界面厚度减小。     

浅谈碳纤维预浸料中铺放纤维非织造网布的适用性

选取了两种纤维非织造网布,分别在进口单向碳纤维预浸料和国产单向碳纤维预浸料层与层之间进行铺放,采用预浸料成型工艺制备不同性能的层合板,并通过测试层合板试样的力学性能和孔隙率,表明纤维非织造网布在碳纤维预浸料成型技术中的适用性。对比测试数据结果发现:纤维非织造网布经向纤维纤度、纬向纤维纤度、面密度选材合适时,在碳纤维预浸料层合板中表现出了优异的适用性;纤维非织造网布经向纤维纤度及纬向纤维纤度较小、面密度选择较大时,在碳纤维预浸料层合板中虽然也表现出良好的工艺适用性,但是碳纤维预浸料层合板的力学性能会降低,孔隙率会偏大。     

碳纤维复合材料厚壁管的成型工艺

本发明提供一种以碳纤维预浸料制作厚壁管的成型工艺,属于复合材料的成型工艺领域。本发明采用碳纤维预浸料进行剪裁、铺叠、卷管、缠带和固化,制成碳纤维复合材料厚壁管。本发明提供的成型工艺,使管件铺层设计不受限制,纤维在不同方向上的分布量可以精确控制,纤维角度可以设计。制备过程中不造成环境污染,成型后无需后期加工处理。制备的厚壁管质量轻、孔隙率低、纤维体积分数高、承载能力强。本工艺方法使用T700级碳纤维环氧型预浸料生产内经37 mm49 mm1 200 mm     

国产高强高模PAN基碳纤维预浸料的制备及性能研究

以国产CNI QM55高强高模聚丙烯腈(PAN)基碳纤维、氰酸酯树脂为原料,利用热熔法制备高强高模PAN基碳纤维预浸料,通过纤维面密度、树脂含量、挥发分含量等来评价预浸料的物理性能,结合单向板的微观形貌与层间剪切强度分析单向板的界面结合性能,并对预浸料铺制单向板的力学性能进行表征。结果表明：CNI QM55碳纤维预浸料的纤维面密度为145 g/m²,树脂质量分数为35.5%,挥发分质量分数为0.164%,预浸料的物理性能满足复合材料的性能要求;以CNI QM55碳纤维预浸料制备的单向板0°拉伸强度为2 429 MPa, 0°拉伸模量为328.4 GPa,弯曲强度为1 171 MPa,弯曲模量为280 GPa,压缩强度为783 MPa,压缩模量为257 GPa,层间剪切强度为65.2 MPa,具有较好的界面黏接性能和力学性能,可满足加工应用要求。     

610B无卤阻燃环氧树脂及碳纤维复合材料性能

设计了一种新型磷-硅协同高效无卤阻燃环氧树脂610B,并制备了碳纤维增强热熔预浸料T700/610B。通过DSC、凝胶时间、动态黏度、热重、红外和SEM,对树脂体系的反应及流变特性、室温储存期和阻燃机理进行研究;通过真空袋成型工艺制备了碳纤维增强复合材料并对其力学性能和阻燃性能进行了评价。结果表明:树脂在中温条件下有效固化,室温下储存期大于30 d,预浸料铺覆性好,适合低成本真空压力成型,制备的复合材料力学性能优异、低烟低毒、阻燃性能突出。     

一种玻纤/环氧-Nomex蜂窝夹层复合材料制备工艺与性能研究

以玻纤增强环氧预浸料、阻燃环氧结构胶膜和高密度Nomex蜂窝芯通过共固化工艺制备了夹层结构复合材料板,并对其进行了相关性能研究。通过分析预浸料蒙皮和胶膜中环氧树脂基体流变特性,以及研究共固化过程中的固化压力和升温制度对所制备夹层板力学性能的影响关系,制定出了适宜的复合材料成型工艺制度。结合上述研究成果,进一步对采用不同面重胶膜和铺层结构制备出的夹层板进行了性能测试,考核结果表明:胶膜用量的增加可以明显提高Nomex蜂窝夹层板的滚筒剥离强度和长梁弯曲性能,而对平面压缩性能影响较小,但会明显降低复合材料的整体阻燃和烟毒性能;此外,对称铺层结构的材料整体结构稳定性明显优于非对称铺层结构。     

H300碳纤维及其预浸料性能研究

对H300碳纤维性能进行了测试,结果表明H300碳纤维与T300碳纤维力学性能基本相当。试验了3238A/H300碳纤维热熔预浸料制造工艺,制造出合格预浸料。测试了3238A/H300碳纤维复合材料物理力学性能,结果表明3238A/H300碳纤维复合材料满足要求。     

连续碳纤维增强聚醚醚酮复合材料的制备及力学性能

采用自主研发的连续碳纤维/聚醚醚酮热熔法预浸料(HC2110),通过热压成型工艺制备了复合材料层合板。测试了复合材料的力学性能,表征了微观形貌和破坏模式。预浸料热性能测试表明,HC2110预浸料较国外材料(TC1200)的耐热性及成型工艺性较优。微观形貌分析表明,复合材料层合板中纤维分布均匀性对0°拉伸性能影响较小;而纤维和树脂的界面结合较差是导致90°拉伸强度明显偏低的主要原因。     

复合材料带曲率C型梁热隔膜预成型试验与仿真分析

随着复合材料自动铺带和铺丝技术的成熟,并且广泛应用于复合材料结构的生产与制造。通过与铺带或铺丝技术相结合使得复合材料热隔膜预成型技术成为制作L型、C型,Z型等细长零件的重要手段,此种方式可以减少大量的人工操作,并且能够用于实现自动化工业生产。复合材料热隔膜预成型是一个使预浸料叠层变形的复杂过程,本文对带曲率C型梁的预成型过程进行仿真分析,首先通过试验得到预浸料铺层间摩擦系数,然后对湿态预浸料的力学性能进行测试。利用测试得到参数,采用有限元方法对C型梁预成型过程中铺层间的滑移进行模拟得到了铺层变形后的褶皱缺陷。通过专用的热隔膜成型设备对C型梁预成型进行试验研究,将试验结果与仿真结果进行对比分析,验证了预成型仿真手段的可行性,为后续热隔膜预成型过程中的参数优化提供指导。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Many Drugs of Abuse May Be Acutely Transformed to Dopamine,Norepinephrine and Epinephrine In Vivo

It is well established that a wide range of drugs of abuse acutely boost the signaling of the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, where norepinephrine and epinephrine are major output molecules. This stimulatory effect is accompanied by such symptoms as elevated heart rate and blood pressure, more rapid breathing, increased body temperature and sweating, and pupillary dilation, as well as the intoxicating or euphoric subjective properties of the drug. While many drugs of abuse are thought to achieve their intoxicating effects by modulating the monoaminergic neurotransmitter systems (i.e., serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine) by binding to these receptors or otherwise affecting their synaptic signaling, this paper puts forth the hypothesis that many of these drugs are actually acutely converted to catecholamines (dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine) in vivo, in addition to transformation to their known metabolites. In this manner, a range of stimulants, opioids, and psychedelics (as well as alcohol) may partially achieve their intoxicating properties, as well as side effects, due to this putative transformation to catecholamines. If this hypothesis is correct, it would alter our understanding of the basic biosynthetic pathways for generating these important signaling molecules, while also modifying our view of the neural substrates underlying substance abuse and dependence, including psychological stress-induced relapse. Importantly, there is a direct way to test the overarching hypothesis: administer (either centrally or peripherally) stable isotope versions of these drugs to model organisms such as rodents (or even to humans) and then use liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to determine if the labeled drug is converted to labeled catecholamines in brain, blood plasma, or urine samples.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.