发酵馕面团中优势菌群的分离及其在馒头发酵中的应用研究

对新疆地区3份发酵馕面团样品中微生物进行分离、纯化,通过形态观察及分子生物学技术对分离菌株进行鉴定,并通过测定乳酸菌的产酸和酵母菌的产气能力,筛选优良菌株用于发酵馒头的制备,分析其对馒头感官品质及风味物质的影响。结果表明,分离纯化得到36株乳酸菌和51株酵母菌,乳酸菌包括旧金山乳杆菌（Lactobacillus sanfranciscensis）、植物乳杆菌（Lactobacillus plantarum）、发酵乳杆菌（Lactobacillus fermentum）和粪肠球菌（Enterococcus faecalis）4种;酵母菌包括发酵毕赤酵母（Pichia fermentans）、酿酒酵母（Saccharomyces cerevisiae）和膜毕赤酵母（Pichia membranifaciens）3种。植物乳杆菌产酸量最大,为113.55～127.8 g/L;酿酒酵母和发酵毕赤酵母产气较快。发酵毕赤酵母与安琪酵母单独发酵馒头时,在醇类和酯类物质的种类和相对含量上差异较大,风味差异明显;植物乳杆菌与发酵毕赤酵母菌混菌发酵馒头时,随着发酵毕赤酵母添加量增加,可降低馒头中醇类、醛类...     

乳酸菌协同发酵对饼干风味的影响及应用

本文基于消费者喜好酸度的探究,考察乳酸菌协同发酵对饼干风味特性的影响。经消费者对不同pH值面团制备的乳酸菌协同发酵饼干的喜好度评价显示,当发酵面团p H值为4.35~4.20时具有较高的消费者喜好度评分。采用21株乳酸菌发酵制备饼干,观察其对产品风味的影响。经感官描述性分析发现,坚果味、水果味(气味和滋味)、乳品酸味和甜味的强度与消费者喜好度呈正相关;而丁酸味、苦味和酵母味风味强度则与喜好度呈负相关。不同乳酸菌制备的发酵饼干中风味物质的种类和含量均具有差异。酯类、羰基类及烃类化合物的含量与消费者喜好度呈正相关;而有机酸及醚类物质种类及含量的不同是决定产品风味差异及喜好度评分不同的主要因素之一。结果表明,乳酸乳球菌XX3发酵制得的饼干具有较好的感官风味品质,其果香风味强度及酯类物质含量显著高于其他组饼干。     

不同乳酸菌在冬瓜汁中的发酵特性研究

向鲜榨并经巴氏灭菌的冬瓜汁中接入不同的乳酸菌(干酪乳杆菌、嗜热链球菌、植物乳杆菌、嗜酸乳杆菌、鼠李糖乳杆菌、双歧杆菌和保加利亚乳杆菌)进行发酵,比较发酵过程中乳酸菌活菌数、pH值、可滴定酸、总糖、还原糖、总多酚和色泽等变化和发酵后挥发性风味物质种类与相对含量。结果表明,冬瓜汁营养丰富,上述各种乳酸菌均能在冬瓜汁中很好地生长,其中干酪乳杆菌的生长速率(对数生长期)略低于其他6种菌;另外,七种乳酸菌发酵后冬瓜汁中主要挥发性风味物质主要有酸类、醇类、酯类、醛类、酮类五类,保加利亚乳杆菌发酵的冬瓜汁中检出的挥发性风味物质最多。除双歧杆菌之外其他六种乳酸菌发酵的冬瓜汁理化性质差别不大,双歧杆菌发酵的冬瓜汁在总色差上明显高于其他乳酸菌,且双歧杆菌的产酸能力最强,在发酵期间其可滴定酸含量最高。     

胡柚汁益生菌发酵挥发性风味特征

利用筛选到的2株乳酸菌植物乳杆菌L1（Lactobacillus plantarum）和发酵乳杆菌L2（L. fermentum）对胡柚汁发酵,研究其挥发性风味成分及其变化特征。采用静态-顶空固相微萃取和气相色谱-质谱联用分析方法,测定胡柚汁经此2种乳酸菌发酵后挥发性风味物质组分和相对含量,运用主成分分析法对发酵胡柚汁样品挥发性风味成分进行分析,并采用电子鼻对乳酸菌发酵胡柚汁的香气进行检测。结果表明,胡柚汁经发酵后共鉴定出79种挥发性风味物质,其中醇类20种、烯烃类15种、烷烃类12种、酮类10种、醛类5种、酯类2种、其他类15种,挥发性风味物质分别为59、36种和35种。经乳酸菌发酵后,胡柚汁挥发性风味化合物种类均增加,并检测到了胡柚汁中未被检测到的酯类、醇类、酮类和烷烃类相对含量显著提高,醛类物质相对含量大量降低。主成分分析找出了影响4个样品特征风味组分在主成分中的差异,表明主成分分析法可实现对乳酸菌发酵胡柚汁特征风味差异性的评价。电子鼻分析表明胡柚汁经不同乳酸菌发酵后风味差异显著。研究结果揭示了胡柚汁乳酸菌饮料的风味特征并为产品质量评定等提供依据。     

费氏丙酸杆菌与乳酸菌混合发酵酸奶研究

将费氏丙酸杆菌与乳酸菌混合发酵酸奶,结果表明:将两种菌同时接入,在35℃条件下发酵6 h,混合发酵乳的酸度即达到70°T以上,且后酸化能力弱,CLA含量高,达120.66μg/m L。感官评价表明:混合发酵乳呈乳白色,有光泽,气味协调,口感细腻黏稠,组织状态均匀稳定且无乳清析出。利用固相微萃取结合GC-MS对费氏丙酸杆菌发酵乳、乳酸菌发酵乳、混合发酵乳的风味物质进行测定。测得3种发酵乳中的风味物质主要包括醛类、酮类、酯类、酸类、醇类等;其中,从费氏丙酸杆菌发酵乳中共检测出26种风味物质,主要的风味成分是酸类物质,相对含量达到83.20%;从乳酸菌发酵乳中共检测出27种风味物质,主要的风味成分是酮类、酯类和酸类,相对含量达到83.96%;从混合发酵乳中共检测出24种成分,主要的风味成分也是酸类物质,相对含量达到83.57%。     

罗伊氏乳杆菌对发酵鱼糜挥发性风味物质的影响

为研究乳酸菌发酵鱼糜产生挥发性物质的变化规律,以发酵鱼糜为研究对象,采用同时蒸馏萃取（simultaneous distillation extraction,SDE）法提取发酵鱼糜的挥发性风味物质,结合气相色谱-质谱联用（Gas Chromatograph-Mass Spectrometry,GC-MS）技术,比较了自然发酵和添加罗伊氏乳杆菌发酵两种方法,对鱼糜发酵过程中的风味物质变化规律进行分析。结果表明:罗伊氏乳杆菌法发酵的鱼糜检出37种挥发性物质,带有明显风味特征的物质有乙酸、正己醛、1-辛烯-3-醇、乙酸乙酯等,自然发酵鱼糜中检出25种挥发性物质,其中乙酸、正己醛、1-辛烯-3-醇是主要的物质。罗伊氏乳杆菌法发酵鱼糜中酯类、酸类、烷烃类和醇类物质含量均高于自然发酵鱼糜,在自然发酵鱼糜挥发性物质中含量分别占1.20%、2.72%、1.56%和11.35%,罗伊氏乳杆菌法发酵鱼糜中分别为21.83%、14.86%、14.98%和16.37%,乳酸菌法对发酵鱼糜的感官品质和风味有一定的改善作用。     

植物乳杆菌发酵对燕麦蛋白溶解度和营养特性的影响

利用植物乳杆菌(Lactobacillus plantarum)发酵燕麦酸面团,测定发酵过程中面团酸度和菌落总数的变化以显示菌体在体系中的生长情况,并着重研究乳酸菌发酵对燕麦蛋白的溶解度和体外消化率、氨基酸组成和营养指标的影响。结果表明：植物乳杆菌在燕麦基质中生长良好,具有较强的产酸能力;植物乳杆菌发酵可以显著(P＜0.05)提高燕麦蛋白的溶解度,发酵24h和48h的样品与未发酵样品相比,分别提高了19.50%和54.06%。采用胃蛋白酶和胰蛋白酶两步法分析发酵过程中燕麦蛋白体外消化率的变化,发现植物乳杆菌发酵可以显著(P＜0.05)提高燕麦蛋白的体外消化率。植物乳杆菌发酵对燕麦蛋白的总氨基酸含量及组成无显著影响,但其氨基酸评分(AAS)由原来的71.53提高到76.60,蛋白质功效比值(PER)也有所增加。     

双歧杆菌与乳酸克鲁维酵母共发酵对酸奶品质及风味的影响

为了探讨改变乳酸克鲁维酵母添加量与双歧杆菌共发酵对酸奶的理化性质、感官品质、质构及挥发性风味成分的影响,测定和分析了后熟24 h后酸奶的滴定酸度、持水力、pH、感官得分和质构特性,并对后熟酸奶中挥发性物质进行了鉴定。结果表明:添加2.0%~3.0%乳酸克鲁维酵母能促进乳酸菌产酸,提高酸奶的保水力,改善质构和感官特性。添加乳酸克鲁维酵母的酸奶中检出的醇类、酯类及烃类物质的个数高于不添加酵母的酸奶,且醇类和酯类的相对百分含量要高于不添加酵母的酸奶。当乳酸克鲁维酵母添加量为2.0%,与双歧杆菌制备的共发酵酸奶的感官、产酸能力、质构及风味最好。     

传统中韩泡菜乳酸菌菌相分析与风味物质组成的比较

通过对传统中韩泡菜的发酵原料与工艺,乳酸菌菌相和风味物质组成进行比较,分析了传统中韩泡菜发酵过程中乳酸菌菌相的生态演替和风味物质组成。传统中国泡菜发酵过程中的优势乳酸菌为明串珠菌Leuconostoc、乳杆菌Lactobacillus、片球菌Pediococcus和肠球菌Enterococcus,产品的主体风味物质包括有机酸类、醇类和酯类。传统韩国泡菜发酵过程的优势乳酸菌为明串珠菌Leuconostoc、乳杆菌Lactobacillus、乳球菌Lactococcus和魏斯氏菌Weissella,其主体风味物质为含硫化合物。传统中韩泡菜发酵过程中的乳酸菌菌群演变和主体风味物质组成都存在较大差异。     

毛酸浆乳酸菌发酵果汁的体外消化耐受性及抗氧化活性变化

以植物乳杆菌和发酵乳杆菌分别发酵的毛酸浆果汁为原料,采用体外模拟胃肠消化体系,对发酵果汁中两种乳酸菌的消化耐受性、多酚含量及抗氧化活性的变化进行了研究。结果表明:在体外模拟胃肠消化10h后,植物乳杆菌和发酵乳杆菌菌落总数分别为7.54CFU/m L和7.82CFU/m L。体外消化前后,毛酸浆发酵果汁多酚含量由0.33±0.01mg/m L及0.40±0.03mg/mL提高到1.37±0.03 mg/mL及1.30±0.01 mg/mL,多酚释放量与胃液p H值呈正相关。在模拟胃液消化2 h后,植物乳杆菌发酵果汁的DPPH·、ABTS+·清除力和总还原力(FRAP)分别上升了4.92%、23.80%和41.32%(p0.05);而发酵乳杆菌发酵果汁分别上升了4.98%、15.55%和17.72%。结果提示,经体外消化后毛酸浆果汁中两种乳酸菌-植物乳杆菌和发酵乳酸菌仍具有很好的活力,果汁中多酚含量和抗氧化活性均较高。     

Comparative evaluation of the quality of red globe grape juice fermented by Lactobacillus acidophilus and Lactobacillus plantarum

Basic analysis, electronic senses and HS-SPME/GC-MS were used to evaluate the effects of single and mixed cultures of Lactobacillus acidophilus-26 and Lactobacillus plantarum-56 on the quality of fermented red globe grape (RGG) juice. The results showed that mixed culture fermentation was superior to single strain fermentation in terms of viable bacteria counts, consumption of total sugar (TS), total soluble solids, pH, functionality, and antioxidant properties of RGG juice (RGGJ). Whereas the aroma profiles of developing juices were dominated by abundant esters, acids, alcohols, aldehydes, and ketones. Compared with the single inoculation, co-inoculation of the two species induced lactic acid fermentations, leading to accumulation of acetic acid, ethyl acetate, and 2-hexenol significantly. Moreover, higher concentrations of ethyl acetate, benzoic acid ethyl ester, octanoic acid, sorbic acid, 2-phenylethanol, and 2-hexenol represented the characteristic flavours of juices. To sum up, these findings suggested that L. acidophilus-26 and L. plantarum-56 could be used as fermented strains to ferment and improve the quality of RGGJ.     

Characterization of probiotic bacteria involved in fermented milk processing enriched with folic acid

Yogurt products fermented with probiotic bacteria are a consumer trend and a challenge for functional food development. So far, limited research has focused on the behavior of the various probiotic strains used in milk fermentation. In the present study, we characterized folic acid production and the sensory and textural characteristics of yogurt products fermented with probiotic bacteria. Yogurt fermented with Lactobacillus plantarum had improved nutrient content and sensory and textural characteristics, but the presence of L. plantarum significantly impaired the growth and survival of Lactobacillus delbrueckii ssp. bulgaricus during refrigerated storage. Overall, L. plantarum was a good candidate for probiotic yogurt fermentation; further studies are needed to understand the major metabolite path of lactic acid bacteria in complex fermentation.     

Effect of lactic fermentation and extrusion of bean and pea seeds on nutritional and functional properties

Controlled lactic acid fermentation of „Bomba”︁ bean and „Opal”︁ pea was used to improved their nutritional and functional properties. The modified legumes were used as a source for extrusion process to obtain snack-type foods. Milled legume seeds were fermented by different population of Lactobacillus plantarum with different moisture content in plant material to estimate the influence of this two parameters on the dynamics of lactic fermentation. Quantitative and qualitative changes in carbohydrates and nitrogen compounds of modified seeds were analyzed (e.g . mono- and oligosaccharides, "in vitro" starch and protein digestibility). In the new snack-type products, functional properties: water solubility index (WSI), water absorption index (WAI), expansion index, bulk density and texture explained as a shearing stress were recorded. Results showed a distinct decrease in raffinose, verbascose and stachyose contents even up to 80 - 90% after fermentation and extrusion process. Lactic fermentation and extrusion of bean and pea seeds contributes to a significant (a ≤ 0,05) increase of "in vitro" protein and starch digestibility. Observations of changes in functional properties of extruderates (e. g., expansion, shearing stress, WSI, WAI) allowed to choose the most efficient model of fermentation pretreatment to obtain the best improvement of nutritional and functional features of the product.     

Effect of Fermentation on Antioxidant Properties of Red Cabbages

The influence of fermentation, natural and inoculated by two types of lactic acid bacteria (Lactobacillus plantarum ATCC 8014 and Lactobacillus acidophilus, NCFM), on antioxidant properties of red cabbages was determined and compared with those of their unfermented counterparts. Fermentation led to increased antioxidant activity, which was measured by using DPPH and TEAC method. Highest antioxidant activity was observed in red cabbages fermented with L. plantarum. The total content of phenolic compounds increased upon natural fermentation and was determined by the Folin–Ciocalteu method. Interestingly, in contrast to natural fermentation, for the red cabbages inoculated with L. plantarum and L. acidophilus, the total amount of phenolics increased slightly until day 7 of fermentation and gradually decreased for longer time of fermentation. Fermentation appears to decrease the level of total anthocyanins for all type of fermentation. Additionally, results of the HPLC analysis indicated the metabolism of phenolic compounds during the fermentation of red cabbages. Thus fermentation offers a tool to further increase the antioxidant potential of red cabbages.     

Effect of Lactic Acid Bacteria Fermentation on Rosmarinic Acid and Antioxidant Properties of in vitro Shoot Culture of Orthosiphon aristatus as a Model Study

In vitro shoot culture of Orthosiphon aristatus was selected as a model system for lactic acid bacteria (LAB) fermentation study. This in vitro plant was subjected to different types of LAB fermentations (Lactobacillus plantarum ATCC 8014 and Lactobacillus acidophilus NCFM) for a different time periods of 24, 48, and 72 h at 37^oC. The LAB fermentations consisted of solid state fermentations in a climatic incubator and liquid state of fermentations in a DCU fermenter system. The aim was to determine the effect of fermentation on antioxidant properties of the in vitro plant extract. Results indicate that all types of LAB fermentation decreased the level of rosmarinic acid and total phenolic compounds; however, a slight increase in total flavonoids and flavonols was observed in solid state fermentations samples. The highest reduction was obtained in the sample of liquid state fermentation inoculated with L. plantarum for a period of 72 h. The loss in rosmarinic acid and phenolics was concomitant with a loss of total antioxidant activity (DPPH, TEAC, and SOD-like activity). HPLC result confirmed that the longer fermentation was the greater reduction phenolic acids content was found. These results indicate LAB fermentation caused a decrease on antioxidant properties of in vitro shoot culture of Orthosiphon aristatus.     

不同乳酸菌发酵对刺梨汁品质及风味影响

以副干酪乳杆菌SR10-1（全文简称SR10-1）、干酪乳杆菌（全文简称H1）、发酵乳杆菌GZSC-1（全文简称GZSC-1）发酵的刺梨汁为研究对象,对发酵前后刺梨汁品质变化进行对比,并采用气相-离子迁移谱（gas chromatography-ion mobility spectroscopy, GC-IMS）和电子鼻技术对不同乳酸菌发酵刺梨汁的挥发性风味物质组成及差异进行分析。结果表明,SR10-1发酵刺梨汁中VC和超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）的损失率最低（P<0.05）,H1发酵刺梨汁中单宁降解率最高,达到(41.37±1.08)%。电子鼻分析结果表明,3株乳酸菌发酵的刺梨汁气味轮廓相似,但SR10-1对发酵刺梨汁的气味贡献度最高。采用GC-IMS从3组乳酸菌发酵样品、稀释4倍刺梨原汁和刺梨原汁样品中共分离出54种挥发性成分,鉴定出44种物质,主要有酯类、醛类、醇类和酸类化合物。3株不同乳酸菌发酵样品中共有的挥发性风味物质包括叶醇、乙醇、乙酸丙酯、3-戊酮、乙酸乙酯、丙酮等;二甲基硫、丙酮和丁酸乙酯分别是SR10-1、GZSC-1和H1发酵样品的特征性风味物质;H1和GZSC-...     

乳酸菌固态发酵过程中麦麸组分的动态变化

麦麸是小麦加工的主要副产物,营养丰富且产量大,采用乳酸菌处理麦麸可提高其附加值。为明确乳酸菌发酵对麦麸各组分的影响,作者采用植物乳杆菌、鼠李糖乳杆菌、戊糖片球菌和布氏乳杆菌分别对麦麸进行固态发酵,在48 h内每隔8 h取样,分析可溶性膳食纤维、粗蛋白质、淀粉、总酚、植酸等成分的质量分数及DPPH自由基清除能力的动态变化。结果表明,在麦麸基质中,4株乳酸菌在24 h内生长较为迅速;麦麸经乳酸菌发酵后可溶性膳食纤维质量分数显著提高,其中布氏乳杆菌发酵48 h后可溶性膳食纤维质量分数由4.72%增加至6.58%;随着发酵时间的增加,麦麸中淀粉质量分数逐渐降低,粗蛋白质量分数先增加后降低最后趋于稳定;植物乳杆菌在提高麦麸多酚质量分数方面有更好的效果,多酚质量分数由1.34 mg/g增加至3.86 mg/g,麦麸抗氧化活性显著增加;此外,乳酸菌发酵麦麸可显著降低其植酸质量分数。综合而言,植物乳杆菌和布氏乳杆菌在提高麦麸的营养特性方面具有较好的效果,可有效改善麦麸的综合利用价值。     

Fermentation of beet juice by beneficial lactic acid bacteria

Red beets were evaluated as a potential substrate for the production of probiotic beet juice by four species of lactic acid bacteria (Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus casei, Lactobacillus delbrueckii, Lactobacillus plantarum). All the lactic cultures were found capable of rapidly utilizing beet juice for cell synthesis and lactic acid production. However, L. acidophilus and L. plantarum produced a greater amount of lactic acid than other cultures and reduced the pH of fermented beet juice from an initial value of 6.3 to below 4.5 after 48 h of fermentation at 30°C. Although the lactic cultures in fermented beet juice gradually lost their viability during cold storage, the viable cell counts of these lactic acid bacteria except for L. acidophilus in the fermented beet juice still remained at 10⁶–10⁸ CFU/ml after 4 weeks of cold storage at 4°C.     

Antimicrobial activity of weak acids in liquid feed fermentations, and its effects on yeasts and lactic acid bacteria

BACKGROUND: The efficacy of weak organic acids in the control of yeasts in pig liquid feed was studied taking into account the effects on lactic acid bacteria (LAB) responsible for beneficial fermentation. RESULTS: The yeast population in pig liquid feed was taxonomically identified. Kazachstania exigua, Debaryomyces hansenii and Pichia deserticola dominated the fermentation in liquid feed and whey. Pichia deserticola was found in whey and foaming liquid feed and dominated the fermentation after incubation. The sensitivity of the isolates against weak acids was measured in culture medium as well as in fermented and non‐fermented liquid feed. Formic acid and potassium sorbate successfully reduced the growth of yeasts in all media without interfering with LAB development. Both of these organic acids showed an increased antifungal effect when used in liquid feed fermented by a Lactobacillus plantarum strain. CONCLUSION: The loss of energy, reduced palatability and other practical problems due to the high growth of yeasts in fermented liquid diets can be reduced by organic acids without affecting lactic acid fermentation. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry