虚拟内窥镜的路径规划算法研究*

路径规划算法是虚拟内窥镜系统的关键技术之一。论文以分类的形式对虚拟内窥镜的路径规划算法进行了综述性研究。简要介绍了路径规划算法的研究内容及分类,重点分析了中心路径规划算法的性能和特点,并讨论了相关的改进算法。通过对各种路径规划算法的性能比较和特点总结,概括出虚拟内窥镜中,路径规划算法的研究重点和思路。     

虚拟内窥镜技术的研究与实现

虚拟内窥镜是用计算机处理CT或MRI获取的三维医学数据,以获得类似用标准内窥镜观察病人内脏过程观察效果的一种诊断的新方法。在广泛研究虚拟内窥镜技术的基础上,我们开发了一个小型的基于面绘制的虚拟内窥镜系统,实现了漫游过程的交互功能和动画回放,在虚拟内窥镜技术的实现上做了有益的尝试。     

交互式实时虚拟内窥镜系统中的关键技术

在分析虚拟内窥镜和体数据可视化方法的基础上 ,提出了一种基于透视投影体绘制的交互式实时虚拟内窥镜算法。在微机平台上实现的基于体绘制的虚拟内窥镜系统 ,验证了该算法的实时性和所生成图像的质量。     

虚拟内窥镜关键技术研究

针对实现虚拟内窥镜系统的关键技术,运用基于边界模型的局部特征结构方法实现图像的组织分割;在基于距离变换的基础上,设计了一种新的快速、高效的路径规划算法;利用两步实时处理方法,将一帧场景的绘制分为近景和远景两个部分;提出了基于边界体素的快速光线投射算法;使虚拟内窥镜系统可以接近于实时的速度实现漫游而不明显降低图像的质量。     

交互式实时虚拟内窥镜系统的关键技术

在分析虚拟内窥镜和体数据可视化方法的基础上，提出了一种基于透视投影体绘制的交互式实时虚拟内窥镜算法，在微机平台上实现的基于体绘制的虚拟内窥镜系统，验证了该算法的实时性和所生成图像的质量。     

工业虚拟内窥关键技术研究

工业内窥镜在工业产品内壁缺陷检查中具有诸多局限性,但是利用工业CT对工业产品进行扫描获得数字化的体数据,并采用虚拟内窥镜技术模拟工业内窥镜的检查过程,则具有更大的灵活性。论文简要介绍了工业虚拟内窥镜的成像原理,并重点阐述了工业虚拟内窥镜技术的关键技术：内表面数据获取、虚拟镜头的运动控制、漫游轨迹生成等内容,最后将工业虚拟内窥镜技术应用于实际的工业检查。实验对一个汽车引擎管道进行检查,发现了其内壁的凹坑,并获得了直径为2 mm的细管道的一系列内窥图像。工业虚拟内窥镜不仅可逼真地模拟工业内窥镜,而且解决了工业内窥镜无法解决的难题,并具有可重复性、更强的适应性等优点。     

远程交互式虚拟内窥镜系统

给出了虚拟内窥镜系统的组成框架，并详细分析了其中的关键技术，为了满足远程医疗的需求，设计了一个基于远程医疗的交互式虚拟内窥镜系统，同时给出了实现该系统的技术要点和方法，文中还提出了一种轮廓数据简化算法和一种简便的轮廓点对应方法。     

递进网格算法在虚拟内窥镜中的应用

采用最新提出的递进网格算法来解决虚拟内窥镜系统的关键问题.讨论了递进网格算法在数据结构、数据简化和漫游上的优点,接着分析了其在虚拟内窥镜系统中应用的特殊性,也提出了一些局限性.提出了改进的递进网格算法,并给出算法的实现和结果.改进的算法较好地解决了数据简化、基于LoD的漫游等核心问题.     

交互式虚拟内窥镜系统

计算机图形图象技术与虚拟现实技术应用于医学内窥镜系统,产生了虚拟内窥镜技术,为了将虚拟现实技术应用在医学图象处理方面,以方便医生进行虚拟手术与无创诊断,在综合利用各种计算机图形,图象技术的基础上,提出了完整的交互式虚拟内窥镜系统的框架,同时对系统结构和各种模型进行了分析和讨论,还针对系统的实时性和绘制结果的逼真性要求,提出了基于Object Cache和扩展的区域增长方法,并将其应用到医学图象处理当中,得到了较好的效果,该系统较好地解决了虚拟现实与可视化实时性和绘制精度两方面的要求,从而为医学图象可视化提供了有力的工具。     

一种鼻内窥镜虚拟手术仿真系统

介绍了一种用于耳鼻咽喉科医生手术仿真训练的鼻内窥镜虚拟手术仿真系统。主要讨论了本系统的结构设计、三维重建、碰撞检测、软组织弹性形变和力反馈等方面的技术实现，并对系统的多种浏览模式、虚拟器械和仿真的4类手术作了简要介绍。     

Virtual Endoscopy in Research and Clinical Practice

Virtual endoscopy is among the most active topics in virtual medicine and medical imaging. It focuses on the virtual representation of minimally invasive procedures for training, planning and diagnosis without an actual invasive intervention. In the past few years, virtual endoscopy modes have been transferred from research systems in virtually every commercial medical imaging software, but with varying quality and flexibility. This report covers concepts used in current systems in research and products, and how they might be applied to daily practice in health care. Specifically, I will start with an introduction into virtual endoscopy and the related medical field. This will also include typical scenarios of virtual endoscopy applications as they appear in clinical practice. This part will be followed by a discussion of the technical issues of virtual endoscopy and how they are addressed in currently available systems. Among these issues are navigation through the respective body organ and the orientation aids for the users. In addition, I will highlight the different rendering techniques used and its impact on rendering speed and quality.     

膝关节镜手术仿真训练系统设计

利用虚拟现实技术建立的手术仿真训练系统,可以大大减少内窥镜等疑难手术的培训时间并节约昂贵的动物实验费用.为满足膝关节镜手术训练的需要,针对虚拟手术仿真的技术特点,提出了关于虚拟现实技术的膝关节镜手术仿真训练系统的设计,主要对系统体系结构、软件结构、功能模块和系统界面的设计和技术实现进行了研究,最终实现了一个支持双手操作的手术仿真训练系统.实践证明,系统能逼真地模拟手术的流程,取得了良好的训练效果.     

Generating useful images for medical applications from the Visible Korean Human

For the Visible Korean Human (VKH), a male cadaver was serially ground off to acquire the serially sectioned images (SSIs) of a whole human body. Thereafter, more than 700 structures in the SSIs were outlined to produce detailed segmented images; the SSIs and segmented images were volume- and surface-reconstructed to create three-dimensional models. For outlining and reconstruction, popular software (Photoshop, MRIcro, Maya, AutoCAD, 3ds max, and Rhino) was mainly used; the technique can be reproduced by other investigators for creating their own images. For refining the segmentation and volume reconstruction, the VOXEL-MAN system was used. The continuously upgraded technique was applied to a female cadaver's pelvis to produce the SSIs with 0.1mm sized intervals and 0.1mm x 0.1mm sized pixels. The VKH data, distributed worldwide, encouraged researchers to develop virtual dissection, virtual endoscopy, and virtual lumbar puncture contributing to medical education and clinical practice. In the future, a virtual image library including all the Visible Human Project data, Chinese Visible Human data, and VKH data will hopefully be established where users will be able to download one of the data sets for medical applications.     

Advanced virtual endoscopic pituitary surgery

Endoscopy has recently been introduced to endonasal transsphenoidal pituitary surgery as a minimally invasive procedure for the removal of various kinds of pituitary tumors. To reduce morbidity and mortality with this new technique, the surgeon must be well-trained and well-prepared. Virtual endoscopy can be beneficial as a tool for training, preoperative planning, and intraoperative support. This paper introduces STEPS, a virtual endoscopy system designed to aid surgeons in getting acquainted with the endoscopic view of the anatomy, the handling of instruments, the transsphenoidal approach, and challenges associated with the procedure. STEPS also assists experienced surgeons in planning a real endoscopic intervention by getting familiar with the individual patient anatomy, identifying landmarks, planning the approach, and deciding upon the ideal target position of the actual surgical activity. The application provides interactive visualization, navigation, and perception aids and the possibility of simulating the procedure, including haptic feedback and simulation of surgical instruments.