新显色剂二溴对羧基氯磺酚的合成及其与钪显色反应的研究

介绍了新显色剂二溴对羧基氯磺钠的合成方法，并对其与钪的显色反应进行了研究。在ＰＨ４的缓冲溶液中，试剂与钪形成稳定的蓝色配合物，组成比为１：３，最大吸收峰位于６３８ｎｍ滤长处，表观摩尔吸光系数为３．７３×１０＾４，钪量在０－１８／２５ｍｌ范围内符合比耳定律。试剂对碱土金属及镧系数元素有较好的抗干扰能力。可直接用于电子工业新材料钡锶钙钪碳酸盐中的钪的测定。     

新显色剂二溴对羧基氯磺酸的合成及其与钪显色反应的研究

介绍了新星色剂二溴对羧基氯磺酚的合成方法，并对其与钪的显色反应进行了研究。在pH4的缓冲溶液中，试剂与钪形成稳定的蓝色配合物。组成比为1，3，最大吸收峰位于638nm波长处，表现摩尔汉光系数为3．73×104，钪量在0～18／25ml范围内符合比耳定律。试剂对碱土金属及镧系元素有较好的抗干扰能力，可直接用于电子工业新材科钡锶钙钪碳酸盐中钪的测定。     

聚乙烯醇存在下耐尔蓝－铈钼、钪钼杂多酸体系连续光度测定铈和钪

在聚乙烯醇（ＰＶＡ）存在下，耐尔蓝（ＮＢ）与铈钼、钪钼杂多酸络阴离子形成离子缔合物，其最大吸收均位于５８５ｎｍ，表观摩尔吸光度分别为εｃｗ＝３．５２×１０６和εＳｃ＝３．５９×１０＿５Ｌ·ｍｏｌˉ１·ｃｍˉ１，铈和钪服从比耳定律的浓度范围分别为０～０．８μｇ／２５ｍｌ和０～２．０μｇ／２５ｍｌ，测定极限分别为１．３ｎｇＣｅ／ｍｌ（ｎ＝１０）和３．０ｎｇＳｃ／ｍｌ（ｎ＝７），对于０．０２μｇＣｅ／ｍｌ或０．０４μｇＳｃ／ｍｌ测定的相对标准偏差分别为２．７％（ｎ＝９）和２．８％（ｎ＝１０），离子缔合物的摩尔比分别为Ｃｅ：Ｍｏ：ＮＢ＝１：６：４和Ｓｃ：Ｍｏ：ＮＢ＝１：１２：３。本法用于地质标样分析，结果满意。     

改进的甲酚红褪色光度法测定微量二氧化氯

对甲酚红褪色光度法测定微量二氧化氯进行改进，在ｐＨ＝３．０缓冲介质中，加入适量氨磺酸铵（０．０７４ｍｏｌ／Ｌ）作为掩蔽剂，可在Ｃｌ２（〈８５ｍｇ／Ｌ），ＣｌＯ（〈１２．４ｍｇ／Ｌ），ＣｌＯ２（〈２０ｍｇ／Ｌ）共存时选择性测定ＣｌＯ２线性范围０～３ｍｇ／Ｌ，检测限０．００３ｍｇ／Ｌ，方法回收率９７．２％～１０６．０％，该方法简便，快速，准确，适用于水溶液中微量ＣｌＯ２的测定。     

新显色剂均三溴偶氮苦氨酸的合成及其光度法测定钪的研究

首次报道新显色剂均三溴偶氮苦氨酸的合成方法。研究了试剂与钪的显色反应。在ｐＨ１～２的硝酸介质中，钪与试剂形成１：２的蓝色配合物，在６５０ｎｍ处有最大吸收，摩尔吸光率为３．９５×１０４Ｌ·ｍｏｌ－１·ｃｍ－１。钪量在３～１８μｇ／２５ｍＬ范围内符合比耳定律，大量的碱土金属离子不干扰测定。     

Sc—CAS—TPC—OP四元络合物显色反应的研究和应用

表面活性剂作为钪的显色反应的增敏剂已被广泛地应用于矿石或合金中钪的测定［１—２］。由于表面活性剂的增敏作用，生成三元或四元络合物，其灵敏度比其二元络合物有较大的提高，达１×１０５～２×１０５以上。本文研究了在ＰＨ６．２的六次甲基四胺的介质中，在乳化剂ＯＰ的存在下，以ＣＡＳ为显色剂，其增敏剂的效果是ＴＰＣ＞ＣＴＭＡＢ＞ＣＰＣ－ＣＰＢ。在λ６１５ｎｍ处，翠绿色络合物Ｓｃ—ＣＡＳ—ＴＰＣ—ＯＰ有最大吸收，摩尔吸光系数为２．１４×１０５，具有较高的灵敏度。钪浓度在０—１０Ｍｇ／２５ｍｌ范围内符合比尔定律。矿样经碱熔，三乙醇胺—ＥＤＴＡ—ＮａＣＯ３—Ｈ２Ｏ２浸取沉淀分离后，再用ＰＭＢＰ一醋酸丁酯萃取分离，可用于矿石中微量钪的测定。     

用P204作萃取剂分离富集钪

用二－（２－乙基己基）磷酸（简称Ｐ２０４）溶剂萃取法,可将钪与大量的共存离子分离,并可将钪富集。分离因数βＳｃ／Ｔｉ接近１０２,βＳｃ／Ｆｅ大于１０３,钪与其它共存元素的分离因数也都在１０３左右。用４％Ｈ２Ｏ２－１ｍｏｌ／ＬＨ２ＳＯ４混合液反萃除去钛,其它离子用０．２ｍｏｌ／ＬＮａＯＨ溶液反萃除去,最后用３．５ｍｏｌ／ＬＮａＯＨ溶液将钪反萃出来。在此过程中,钪的回收率约为９８％,富集因数为１．６×１０３。     

食品中铅的自动萃取测定

本文应用ＡＥ－１型自动萃取仪自动连续测定食品中的铅，结果表明，ｐＨ８～９的氨缓冲溶液作为载液０．０１％双硫腙的三氯甲烷溶液作萃取液，食品铅含量在１００～２０００μｇ／ｋｇ之间时，含量与最大吸光度成线性关系，测定铅含量为０．３１９６ｍｇ／ｋｇ的食品，标准差为０．０８４０ｍｇ／ｋｇ，均值为０．３１９６ｍｇ／ｋｇ变异系数为２．６３％，检查限为５μｇ／Ｌ（以被测试中的铅计）。本方法适用于各种食品中铅的分析     

原子吸收分光光度法测定硫铁矿中铅锌

用原子吸收分光光度法测定硫铁矿中铅、锌，获得了满意的效果。锌在０～１．０μｇ／ｍＬ，铅在５～５０μｇ／ｍＬ范围内呈线性，回收率在９７％～１０５％。     

薄层层析－荧光光谱法测定柑桔中赤霉素残留量

本文研究硅胶Ｇ为吸附载体的薄层层析－荧光光谱法，用于测定柑桔中赤霉素残留量。采用添加回收的方法，在柑桔样品中添加０．０３、０．１０和０．２０毫克／公斤三个水平，相对标准偏差分别为１７．７、１１．０和８．０；回收率分别为７１．０～１１７．３％、８０．９～１０７．１％和８２．５～１０３．５％。     

Sapindaceae,cyanolipids, and bugs

Scentless plant bugs (Heteroptera: Rhopalidae) are so named because adults of the Serinethinae have vestigial metathoracic scent glands. Serinethines are seed predators of Sapindales, especially Sapindaceae that produce toxic cyanolipids. In two serinethine species whose ranges extend into the southern United States,Jadera haematoloma andJ. sanguinolenta, sequestration of host cyanolipids as glucosides renders these gregarious, aposematic insects unpalatable to a variety of predators. The blood glucoside profile and cyanogenesis ofJadera varies depending on the cyanolipid chemistry of hosts, and adults and larvae fed golden rain tree seeds (Koelreuteria paniculata) excrete the volatile lactone, 4-methyl-2(5H)-furanone, to which they are attracted.Jadera fed balloon vine seeds (Cardiospermum spp.) do not excrete the attractive lactone. Loss of the usual heteropteran defensive glands in serinethines may have coevolved with host specificity on toxic plants, and the orientation ofJadera to a volatile excretory product could be an adaptive response to save time.Mention of a commercial product does not consititute an endorsement by the USDA.     

2008～2009年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2008年7月～2009年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2008～2009年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况。按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、环氧树脂、不饱和聚酯树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Many Drugs of Abuse May Be Acutely Transformed to Dopamine,Norepinephrine and Epinephrine In Vivo

It is well established that a wide range of drugs of abuse acutely boost the signaling of the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, where norepinephrine and epinephrine are major output molecules. This stimulatory effect is accompanied by such symptoms as elevated heart rate and blood pressure, more rapid breathing, increased body temperature and sweating, and pupillary dilation, as well as the intoxicating or euphoric subjective properties of the drug. While many drugs of abuse are thought to achieve their intoxicating effects by modulating the monoaminergic neurotransmitter systems (i.e., serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine) by binding to these receptors or otherwise affecting their synaptic signaling, this paper puts forth the hypothesis that many of these drugs are actually acutely converted to catecholamines (dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine) in vivo, in addition to transformation to their known metabolites. In this manner, a range of stimulants, opioids, and psychedelics (as well as alcohol) may partially achieve their intoxicating properties, as well as side effects, due to this putative transformation to catecholamines. If this hypothesis is correct, it would alter our understanding of the basic biosynthetic pathways for generating these important signaling molecules, while also modifying our view of the neural substrates underlying substance abuse and dependence, including psychological stress-induced relapse. Importantly, there is a direct way to test the overarching hypothesis: administer (either centrally or peripherally) stable isotope versions of these drugs to model organisms such as rodents (or even to humans) and then use liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to determine if the labeled drug is converted to labeled catecholamines in brain, blood plasma, or urine samples.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.