西藏双湖地区江爱达日那发现液态油苗

近10年来，对西藏双湖地区羌塘中生代海相沉积盆地进行了全方位、大规模的地质调查、油气评价和研究工作，深化了对盆地结构构造、地层沉积相、石油地质条件的认识，初步评价了羌塘盆地的油气资源潜力。但到目前为止，羌塘盆地仍然是中国陆上油气地质研究和勘探程度最低的大型海相盆地。     

西形成羌塘地区几个地质构造问题

提出了西藏羌塘地区的六个地质的构造问题，包括冈瓦纳与欧亚大陆古特提斯界线；羌塘地区是否存在加里东期或更古老基底；羌塘地区的地层系统及其对比；狮头山，黑熊山一带蓝片岩的地球动力学意义；龙木错－双湖蛇绿岩的性质，成因及年代，羌塘盆地中三叠世以前是一个统一的盆地还是分属两个大陆的边缘海盆等。     

西藏羌塘地区几个地质构造问题

提出了西藏羌塘地区的六个地质构造问题。包括冈瓦纳与欧亚大陆古特提斯界线；羌塘地区是否存在加里东期或更古老基底；羌塘地区的地层系统及其对比；狮头山、黑熊山一带蓝片岩的地球动力学意义；龙木错─双湖蛇绿岩的性质、成因及年代；羌塘盆地中三叠世以前是一个统一的盆地还是分属两大陆的边缘海盆等。这些问题的解决将有助于更加清楚、完整地认识青藏高原的地质历史过程。     

羌塘盆地侏罗系—白垩系岩石地层格架厘定

羌塘盆地位于青藏高原腹地,侏罗系—白垩系分布广泛,但由于地处高寒地区,地层厘定工作一直以来较为薄弱,这限制了地质认识水平的提高。本文通过总结前人40年来的野外基础调查资料,结合近年来我们对羌塘盆地的最新研究成果,总结和评述了羌塘盆地侏罗纪—白垩纪的岩石地层格架,并简要探讨了各地质单元的沉积环境和沉积物源,并提出了羌塘盆地侏罗纪—白垩纪地层格架中存在的一些问题。     

羌塘盆地油气调查获新进展

近日,中国地调局成都地调中心实施的《羌塘盆地油气地质调查与综合评价》项目从野外一线传来好消息,在南羌塘地区圈定2个油藏保存有利区块．并在中东部地区发现古生代地层具有良好的生烃潜力。该项目为中国地调局《青藏地区多种能源综合地质调查》计划项目的子项目。     

藏北南羌塘孜狮桑地区早三叠世牙形刺化石新资料

笔者在藏北开展1 ：25万帕度错幅区域地质调查过程中，在达杂迪扎错北面孜狮桑测制地层剖面时发现了产早三叠世牙形刺化石（图版Ⅰ）的地层，并新建立了孜狮桑组。孜狮桑位于羌塘盆地中央隆起带的南边，地层区划隶属于羌塘-保山地层区多玛地层分区。孜狮桑组地层层序如下（图1）。     

藏北羌塘盆地胜利河-长蛇山油页岩带的发现及其意义

最近在北羌塘长蛇山地区新发现了晚侏罗世—早白垩世油页岩及膏盐层,该油页岩与近年来笔者在胜利河地区发现的多处油页岩连成一片,构成了目前中国发现的最大规模的海相油页岩带。详细的野外地质调查与研究表明：该油页岩有机碳含量介于4.31%~16.89%之间,焦油含量为3.5%～16.3%,油页岩有机质大多处于成熟阶段。胜利河-长蛇山油页岩带及与其密切共生的膏盐层的发现,丰富了羌塘盆地烃源岩的类型,为羌塘盆地油气地质条件评价提供了新的依据。     

羌塘盆地中生代构造属性

通过对羌塘盆地南北两侧构造带地质特征、构造演化历程及盆地内部中生代地层充填特征的分析,探讨了羌塘盆地中生代构造属性及地球动力学机制。研究表明:羌塘盆地经历了早、中三叠世前陆盆地,晚三叠世早、中期被动陆缘盆地,晚三叠世晚期—侏罗纪羌北前陆盆地和羌南陆被动陆缘裂陷—坳陷盆地及早白垩世前陆盆地等地质演化历程;盆地南北边界构造带复杂而有序的地球动力学环境和构造演化,决定了羌塘盆地中生代为一复杂的多旋回叠合盆地。     

藏北羌塘盆地大规模古风化壳的发现及其意义

新的野外油气地质调查发现,在羌塘盆地中央隆起带及其两侧的南、北羌塘坳陷中,那底岗日组及其同沉积地层之下广泛发育了一古风化壳,古风化壳覆盖了石炭系、二叠系和前人已确定的三叠系肖茶卡组,具有区域性展布的特点。研究表明,不同地区古风化壳的形成时代不同：在南羌塘及中央隆起带上,风化剥蚀作用可能于晚二叠世就已开始,并经历了早、中三叠世的进一步演化;北羌塘地区的古风化壳形成时代可能为晚三叠世（或中三叠世）,至晚三叠世肖茶卡组沉积期,形成了南北羌塘统一的古风化壳,并被那底岗日组及其同沉积地层超覆。这些新发现对于重新认识羌塘盆地的沉积演化、正确评价羌塘盆地的石油地质条件具有重要意义。     

西藏羌塘盆地昂达尔错地区中二叠统龙格组的厘定及地质意义

在西藏羌塘盆地昂达尔错地区前人划分的上三叠统角木日茶卡组中发现了二叠纪化石分子Acanthopecten cf.coloradoensis(Newbrry)和Pterinopectinella?sp.,结合岩石组合特征,经过进一步开展生物年代对比及区域地层对比,将该套角木日茶卡组重新厘定为中二叠统龙格组,从而首次将羌塘盆地东南侧出露地层的时代下限由原来的上三叠统修正至中二叠统,增添了新的古生物化石证据。首次明确了中央隆起带东段的南羌塘地区中新生代之下存在晚古生代地层,为今后更深入研究羌塘盆地零星出露的古生代地层及地质演化提供了重要基础资料。     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

Définition d'une limite multicritère ; stratigraphie du passage Campanien–Maastrichtien du site géologique de Tercis (Landes,SW France)Definition of a multi-criteria boundary; stratigraphy of the Campanian–Maastrichtian interval of the geological site at Tercis (Landes,SW France)

Lithostratigraphy, physicochemical stratigraphy, biostratigraphy, and geochronology of the 77–70 Ma old series bracketing the Campanian–Maastrichtian boundary have been investigated by 70 experts. For the first time, direct relationships between macro- and microfossils have been established, as well as direct and indirect relationships between chemo-physical and biostratigraphical tools. A combination of criteria for selecting the boundary level, duration estimates, uncertainties on durations and on the location of biohorizons have been considered; new chronostratigraphic units are proposed. The geological site at Tercis is accepted by the Commission on Stratigraphy as the international reference for the stratigraphy of the studied interval. To cite this article: G.S. Odin, C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 409–414.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

HYDROGEOLOGY

正20141756 Chen Ruige(Mathematical College,China University of Geosciences,Beijing100083,China);Zhou Xun Numerical Simulation of Groundwater Level Fluctuation in a Coastal Confined Aquifer with Sloping Initial Groundwater Level Induced by the Tide(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(7),2013,p.1099-1104,6 illus.,16 refs.) Key words:confined water,groundwater level     

METAMORPHIC PETROLOGY

正20141408 Cai Jia(Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing100037,China);Liu Fulai Petrogenesis and Metamorphic P-T Conditions of Garnet-Spinel-Biotitebearing Paragneiss in Danangou Area,Daqingshan-Wulashan Metamorphic Complex Belt(Acta Petrologica Sinica,ISSN1000-0569,CN11-1922/P,29(7),     

SERIALS

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GEOPHYSICAL EXPLORATION

正20142386An Guoying(China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Land and Resources,Beijing 100083,China)Application of Satellite Remote Sensing in Regional Hydrogeological Investigation:Taking Cenozoic Strata in Wenquan Sheet(1∶250 000)of Karakoram Range as an Example(Geosci-     

QUATERNARY GEOLOGY & GEOMORPHOLOGY

正20141016An Chengbang(Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems,Ministry of Education,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China);Zhao Yongtao Lake Records during the Last Glacial Maximum from Xinjiang,NW China and Their Climatic Impli-     

PETROLEUM GEOLOGY

正20141538 Cao Qing(School of Earth Sciences and Engineering,Xi’an Petroleum University,Xi’an 710065,China);Zhao Jingzhou Characteristics and Significance of Fluid Inclusions from Majiagou Formation,Yichuan Huangling Area,Ordos Basin(Advances in Earth Science,ISSN1001-8166,CN62-1091/P,28(7),2013,p.819-828,7 illus.,3 tables,43 refs.)