乳清蛋白中生物活性肽对心血管的保护作用

乳清蛋白是生产干酪的副产物,它具有很高生物利用价值,同时脂肪和糖类含量极低,并且含有丰富的支链氨基酸和生物活性多肽等。乳清蛋白经酶解产生的肽类不仅具有极高的营养价值,而且还具有一定的生物活性。研究表明,乳清蛋白中生物活性肽具有血管紧张素转换酶(ACE)抑制剂和阿片样作用,同时还抑制血栓形成和降低胆固醇的的生理功能。     

金华火腿中生物活性肽的血管紧张素转化酶调节功能及其分离纯化

为了探究干腌火腿中生物活性肽的降血压功能,以金华火腿为原料,提取其生物活性肽成分,并通过分离纯化鉴定具有血管紧张素转化酶(ACE)调节功能的生物活性肽。结果表明:经Sephadex G-25分子排阻色谱分离后,金华火腿生物活性肽可分为A、B、C、D共4个组分,其中组分C的ACE抑制活性最强,达到31.8%。将组分C经离子交换柱分离后,金华火腿多肽可分为C1、C2、C3、C4共4个组分,其中C2组分的ACE抑制活性显著高于其它组分,活性高达49.0%(P＜0.05)。经Nano-LC-ESI-MS/MS鉴定得到C2中含有8条多肽,经ACE活性测定,序列IESDLERAEE在8条多肽中活性最强,ACE抑制活性达到59.1%。结论:金华火腿多肽具有良好的体外调节ACE活性的功能,为进一步开展其体内血压调节功能研究奠定了基础。     

瑞士乳杆菌发酵乳ACE抑制肽的研究

ACE抑制肽是从天然物质中分离提取,或食源性蛋白经酶解或发酵制备而得的功能性多肽.现已证明它具有降低血压的生理功能.介绍ACE抑制肽的功能、制备工艺和检测方法,以及其研究概况.     

食源性ACE抑制肽的研究进展

ACE抑制肽是具有降血压功效的生物活性肽,食源性ACE抑制肽具有天然可靠、无毒、安全等优点。文章综述了ACE抑制肽的降血压机理,食源性ACE抑制肽的来源、制备和分离纯化方法以及活性评价,发现食源ACE抑制肽具有重要的理论价值与应用价值,能够为调节血压的功能性食品的开发提供一定参考。     

ACE抑制肽研究进展

该文对目前国内外有关ACE抑制肽研究进展进行综述,重点介绍制备ACE抑制肽原料、分离提取方法、结构与活性关系、活性测定方法和功能性评价方法,并简介其在食品中应用及发展前景,以期为对ACE抑制肽进一步研究提供参考。     

食物蛋白质来源的水解物或多肽的现状及进展(Ⅱ)活性多肽概况

食品蛋白水解物中含有大量具有生理活性的多肽,包括有类吗啡活性多肽、抑制血管收缩素转化酶(ACE)活性的多肽类(即降血压多肽类)、免疫调节肽、促进矿物质吸收的多肽、抗菌活性肽、抗血栓活性的多肽等.不同食物蛋白中所含有的活性多肽会有所不同,其中乳蛋白(如酪蛋白和乳清蛋白)是含有活性多肽最为丰富的蛋白质.本文概述了乳蛋白、植物蛋白(主要为大豆蛋白)、畜产物以及水产蛋白等来源的活性多肽的研究进展以及开发现状.特别对乳蛋白来源的几类新型活性肽(酪蛋白糖巨肽和乳铁蛋白活性肽)作了较为详细的论述.     

富含谷氨酰胺多肽的制备及其体外模拟消化

以乳清蛋白、大米蛋白和小麦蛋白为原料,通过不同酶水解制备富含谷氨酰胺多肽,根据蛋白质回收率、酰胺氮含量、分子质量分布以及抗氧化活性(羟自由基清除活性和氧自由基吸收能力)筛选不同来源的最优多肽。研究优选的3种多肽耐受胃肠模拟消化能力,确定其制剂形态并筛选富含谷氨酰胺多肽制备的最优原料。结果显示,乳清蛋白肽(胰蛋白酶组)、大米蛋白肽(风味蛋白酶组)及小麦蛋白肽(风味蛋白酶组)为优选多肽,作为模拟消化的研究对象。以乳清蛋白肽为基料的谷氨酰胺功能性食品,应选择肠溶胶囊为包装材料。大米蛋白肽、小麦蛋白肽采用普通胶囊为包装材料。小麦蛋白肽经胃肠模拟消化后酰胺氮含量增至1.90%,小分子肽(Mw 1 ku)占比高达74.59%,且抗氧化活性无显著差异(羟自由基清除率为22.89%,ORAC值为1.28μmol TE/(L·mg)肽,P 0.05),说明小麦蛋白是制备富含谷氨酰胺多肽的最优原料。     

核桃肽制备及生物活性的研究进展

核桃是重要的木本油料作物,核桃榨油后的核桃粕中含有丰富的优质植物蛋白,其利用率不高,资源浪费严重。提取核桃粕中蛋白制备生物活性肽具有潜在的食品开发价值,同时核桃肽在抗氧化、保护心血管、改善记忆等方面生物活性较强,是功能性产品的良好原料。有效利用核桃粕蛋白,研发高活性蛋白肽对实现核桃粕的综合利用,提高产品附加值具有重要的意义。为促进对核桃肽制备技术及功能活性作用机制进行深入研究,本文梳理、总结前人对核桃肽的制备、分离纯化、鉴定及生物活性的研究,旨在为核桃粕蛋白资源的高值化利用及核桃肽的深入研究提供理论参考。     

ACE抑制肽构效关系研究进展

血管紧张素转化酶(angiotensin-converting enzyme,ACE)抑制肽是一类从食源性蛋白质中分离得到的具有降高血压活性的多肽。由于其降血压效果好,而且没有降压药物的毒副作用从而引起了广泛关注。近年来,ACE抑制肽的构效关系研究成为研究重点。结构生物信息学研究表明,ACE抑制肽的ACE抑制能力不仅与其分子质量有关,而且与其氨基酸序列以及其立体空间构象之间存在高度相关性。ACE抑制肽的抑制类型与ACE抑制活性、构效关系也存在一定相关性。对ACE抑制肽构效关系进行深入研究将有助于指导开发高活性的功能性食品及降血压药物。     

利用对虾消化腺丝氨酸蛋白酶制备鲍鱼外套膜ACE抑制肽

利用鲍鱼加工副产物外套膜制备具有抑制血管紧张素转移酶(angiotensin converting enzyme,ACE)活性的生物活性肽,为鲍鱼加工副产物的高值化利用提供新思路.采用从凡纳滨对虾消化腺中制备的丝氨酸蛋白酶,酶解皱纹盘鲍外套膜蛋白,以酶解物ACE抑制活性为评价指标优化条件.酶解液通过3 kDa超滤膜后,...     

Whey as a source of peptides with remarkable biological activities

The dairy industry generates increased amounts of whey from both cheese and casein production facilities. Whey presents an elevated content of lactose and proteins, which are associated with its high biological oxygen demand and decomposing potential. Despite its potential as pollutant, whey has been considered as a dairy by-product due to its nutritional, functional and bioactive properties. The use of enzyme technology may be an interesting strategy to convert whey into added-value products. The hydrolysis of whey proteins can generate bioactive peptides, which are described to perform physiological effects in vivo, such as antioxidant, antimicrobial, antihypertensive and antidiabetic activities. Bioactive peptides derived from whey proteins have been also associated with immunomodulatory, anticancer, opioid and hypocholesterolemic activities. This review presents a discussion on the main biological activities of peptides derived from whey proteins.     

κ-Casein Macropeptides from Cheese Whey: Physicochemical, Biological, Nutritional, and Technological Features for Possible Uses

κ-Casein macropeptide (CMP), one of the components of whey, is produced during cheese making. Whey production has grown enormously in the last three decades and will continue to grow, along with cheese production. There is an increased interest in research for new applications of food industry by-products in order to avoid their extensive elimination and negative environmental implications. In this respect, CMP has been the focus of extensive scientific research that has proven its value as a functional and bioactive peptide, as well as a source of biologically active peptides. This article evaluates the possibilities and future perspectives of the use of CMP and related peptides obtained from cheese whey from different ruminant species. Physicochemical, technological, biological, and nutritional aspects are considered, and processes for analysis, fractionation, and separation are reviewed. The objective is to help to promote further exploitation of cheese industry coproducts for the preparation of high added-value ingredients to be included in the composition of nutraceuticals or functional food products.     

κ-Casein Macropeptides from Cheese Whey: Physicochemical,Biological, Nutritional,and Technological Features for Possible Uses

Abstract

κ-Casein macropeptide (CMP), one of the components of whey, is produced during cheese making. Whey production has grown enormously in the last three decades and will continue to grow, along with cheese production. There is an increased interest in research for new applications of food industry by-products in order to avoid their extensive elimination and negative environmental implications. In this respect, CMP has been the focus of extensive scientific research that has proven its value as a functional and bioactive peptide, as well as a source of biologically active peptides. This article evaluates the possibilities and future perspectives of the use of CMP and related peptides obtained from cheese whey from different ruminant species. Physicochemical, technological, biological, and nutritional aspects are considered, and processes for analysis, fractionation, and separation are reviewed. The objective is to help to promote further exploitation of cheese industry coproducts for the preparation of high added-value ingredients to be included in the composition of nutraceuticals or functional food products.     

Bioactive whey peptide particles: An emerging class of nutraceutical carriers

Whey-based diets have been linked with prolonged life expectancy and improved physical performance. These observations based on numerous clinical and simulated studies are attributed to diverse biological activities of whey peptides. Recently, bioactive whey peptides were exploited for enveloping nutraceuticals and drugs in view of fabricating capsules that the carrier matrix is also bioactive.

Some of the most considered bioactivities of whey peptides including antihypertension, antioxidant, anti-obesity, anti-diabetes, and hypocholesterolemic properties with corresponding underlying mechanisms are briefly discussed. Then, we overview the supramolecular and gelation-prompted encapsulation of nutraceuticals with whey proteins, followed by summarizing recent developments in utilization of synthetic peptides for gene and drug delivery. Finally, particulation of bioactive whey peptides are communicated.

Whey peptides may exert both biologically beneficial and technologically appreciated activities. Two procedures including desolvation and internal gelation have been so far employed for bioactive peptides particulation. Crosslinking is a prerequisite to confer acid-induced cold-set gelation to bioactive peptides. It also increases peptides Fe³⁺-reducing power. Surface activity of a population of peptides in whey protein hydrolysate may result in co-adsorption of the peptides together with small molecule surfactants onto oil–water interface, leading to modulated interfacial architecture and particle morphology.     

乳清蛋白胶体物化特性的应用研究进展

乳清蛋白是生产干酪时的一种天然副产物,是牛奶中乳蛋白的主要成分之一,它不仅具有优异的营养特性,还具有独特的胶体物化特性。本文综述了利用乳清蛋白胶体特性发展的微胶囊和可食用包装膜技术的研究进展。利用乳清蛋白的凝胶特性,在合适的条件下制备以乳清蛋白为壁材的微胶囊,可以对功能成分进行包埋并实现肠溶缓释;制备具有一定机械强度和阻隔性的可食性蛋白膜,可以运载多种功能因子,作为食品包装减缓食品中的营养流失并延长食品的货架期。     

Invited review: Physiological properties of bioactive peptides obtained from whey proteins

Processing of whey proteins yields several bioactive peptides that can trigger physiological effects in the human body: on the nervous system via their opiate and ileum-contracting activities; on the cardiovascular system via their antithrombotic and antihypertensive activities; on the immune system via their antimicrobial and antiviral activities; and on the nutrition system via their digestibility and hypocholesterolemic effects. The specific physiological effects, as well the mechanisms by which they are achieved and the stabilities of the peptides obtained from various whey fractions during their gastrointestinal route, are specifically discussed in this review.     

乳清蛋白源生物活性肽段序列及其功能

乳清蛋白经酶解产生的肽类除了具有极高的营养价值之外．而且还具有一定的潜在生物活性。目前发现的乳清蛋白源生物活性肽主要有阿片肽、抗高血压肽、抗茵肽和免疫调节肽。综述了上述4种肽的氨基酸序列及其主要功能；对酶解过程中应注意的因素，如酶的类型、水解度、预处理方式、酶的灭活方式、底物纯度和水解过程等理化参数进行了归纳总结。     

Whey-ing up the options – Yesterday,today and tomorrow

Whey, first generated more than 5000 years ago, was valued in the 17th through early 19th centuries, notably as a medicinal agent against some common maladies. However, for much of history, whey has been considered a waste by-product of cheese, casein and yoghurt manufacture. Nowadays, the intrinsic value of whey components, notably the proteins, has been recognised, and a large and growing body of scientific evidence now supports the many physico-chemical, nutritional and biological properties of whey components. This evidence has established a foundation for their value as food and related ingredients. Manufacturing technologies have been, and continue to be, developed for processing whey and for isolating functional whey components in a cost-effective manner. A diverse and expanding range of whey ingredients, foods, and related products has resulted. This paper traces the history and science of whey, highlighting the quirks, struggles, accomplishments, and emerging opportunities and challenges in the field.     

Bioactive peptides derived from bovine whey proteins: opioid and ace-inhibitory peptides

Regulatory peptides can be released by enzymatic proteolysis of food proteins and may act as potential physiological modulators of metabolism during the intestinal digestion of the diet. The possible regulatory effects of peptides relate to nutrient uptake, immune defence, opioid and antihypertensive activities. Milk proteins, especially caseins, are an important source of these bioactive peptides. During recent years, major whey protein components, α-lactalbumin and β-lactoglobulin, were also shown to contain bioactive sequences. Peptides showing opioid and angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory activity were found in α-lactalbumin and β-lactoglobulin. Opioid peptides, α-lactorphin and β-lactorphin, were liberated during in vitro proteolysis of bovine whey proteins, and pharmacological activity was observed at micromolar concentrations. Whey hydrolysates showed ACE-inhibitory activity after proteolysis with different digestive enzymes, and several active peptides were identified. The results demonstrated the existence of several biologically active whey-derived peptides and hydrolysates. The findings of the study can be exploited in the development of foods with special health claims (e.g. treatment of hypertension) as well as in identifying new applications in food.