纳米粒子的表面包覆技术

介绍了近年来纳米粒子表面包覆的方法与特点，尤其对有机高分子包覆中的聚合化学反应法和自组装高分子法，以及无机物包覆中的沉降与表面化学反应法、声化学法和纳米粒子自组装法给予较为详细的介绍，同时．对生物大分于包覆方法也进行了简要的说明。     

高分子纳米粒子研究进展

综述了高分子纳米粒子最新的研究进展,介绍了高分子纳米粒子的研究概况、制备方法、研究方法及应用。其制备方法包括:辐射乳液聚合、种子乳液聚合、无皂乳液聚合、微乳液聚合、分子自组装、模板聚合、分散聚合。高分子纳米粒子在功能电路的设计、高档涂料、医用等方面得以广泛应用,如将高固含量纳米级胶乳应用于水性涂料,可得到较好的涂膜性能。     

自组装技术在分子水平上处理共轭高分子的应用

本文介绍了一种可以从分子水平上处理共轭聚合物的方法－－自组装技术,这种逐层组装技术已被用于制备超薄多层及多层异结构膜等,具有制备过程简单、成膜均匀、结构完好等优点,可对膜厚、组成、沉积高分子链的方向及形态结构进行分子水平的控制。介绍了自组装技术用于处理共轭高分子的一些实际应用。     

二维高分子合成新进展

介绍了利用配位、自组装和共价键作用合成二维高分子的研究新进展.配位二维高分子采用多齿有机配体和金属离子通过配位作用合成;自组装二维高分子利用氢键、静电、范德华力等非共价作用把分子亚单元组装成二维超分子结构;共价二维高分子采用可逆的共价键合作用,在热力学重组状况下产生二维结构.配位二维高分子和自组装二维高分子的合成路线复杂,骨架稳定性、反应的可靠性和重复性较难保证;而共价二维高分子骨架稳定,易实现多尺度的拓扑结构和孔隙结构.     

静电组装法在纳米SiO_2表面构筑高分子刷的合成与表征(英文)

本文采用静电自组装技术在表面阳离子化的SiO2粒子（SiO2-CBAFS）上构筑了高分子刷,并采用核磁、红外、热失重、接触角和原子力显微镜分别表征了组装粉体的结构、组装量以及自组装单层膜的组装行为和表面拓扑形貌。研究结果表明,采用静电自组装技术可以成功地在SiO2-CBAFS上构筑组装量高达27％的高分子刷,远远高于国际上已见报道的采用共价键合法构筑的高分子刷的组装量（20％）。研究发现,组装量随聚合物（PS-NH—SO3Na）分子量呈非线性增长,其组装行为受到PS-NH—SO3Na的分子量和溶液浓度的影响。     

嵌段共聚物自组装模板--构造纳米结构的一种新方法

纳米结构的构造在整个纳米科技中有着特殊重要的意义．如何低成本、大规模地实现纳米结构材料的控制合成与组装一直是纳米加工中的热点问题．高分子嵌段共聚物分子结构独特，包含着热力学不相容的不同高分子嵌段，并由化学键相连．通过控制外界条件，嵌段共聚物可以自组装成高度规则的超分子结构，特征尺寸为10nln～100nm．以嵌段共聚物膜自组装相分离图案为模板，或把这种图案复制到其它材料上，通过刻蚀等技术可以制备纳米结构模板，再经纳米铸造得到相应结构的纳米材料和纳米器件，文中主要介绍嵌段共聚物自组装模板的原理、模板图案的调控方法和模板应用，并详细阐述了各自的发展状况。     

高分子纳米球体及其准临界聚合制备方法

高分子纳米球体及其准临界聚合制备方法，高分子纳米球体由有机单体聚合成，直径为纳米级高分子球体，球体组分单一且有高疏松的高分子链段和高溶胀活性；制备方法是将有机单体与适当溶剂，在一定条件下组装：许反应后得到纳米球粒混合溶液，将混合溶液中溶剂脱除得到纳米球粒聚合物；该方法可制备交联或线性的高分子纳米球体、由两种或两种以上单体组成的线性或交联共聚物纳米球体及两亲性共聚物纳米球体；高分子纳米球体具有产物组分单一、在高分子纳米球体聚合物难溶或不溶溶剂中形成稳定高分子纳米球体溶液，具有高溶胀活性等优点；在新一代微电子和航天器件的高纯度纳米填充物、涂料、作为全新高效纳米吸附分离材料在环境、制药等领域有广阔应用前景。     

高分子材料自修复机理的研究进展

综述了高分子材料自修复的各种机理:基于微胶囊和液芯纤维的第一代自修复高分子;基于类毛细血管结构的第二代自修复高分子;基于可逆共价键的分子自修复机理;基于可逆非共价键的分子自修复机理;基于纳米粒子和离聚物的自修复机理;以及外力感应型自修复机理。重点介绍了各种机理的化学过程、特点和自修复效率。最后,展望了自修复高分子材料的发展前景。     

层层自组装技术制备新型功能高分子材料研究进展

层层自组装技术是一种新型的功能高分子材料制备方法,尤其是在薄膜材料制备方面有着广泛的应用,该技术能在分子水平控制成膜材料的层数、厚度及其结构。介绍了层层自组装技术在医药领域、医用材料领域、食品领域、纺织行业、传感器、阻燃材料领域、超疏水材料和微胶囊制备中的应用情况。随着科技的进步,层层自组装技术的应用领域将不断拓宽。     

天然高分子/无机纳米复合材料的研究进展

天然高分子/无机纳米复合材料是一种性能优异的新型材料.阐述了天然高分子/无机纳米复合材料的结构、制备方法及性能,介绍了各类天然高分子/无机纳米复合材料的发展状况,展望了其开发领域.     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

The Research of Anti-Wear Properties of Organomolybdenum Compounds in the Engine Oils

A four-ball tester was used to evaluate the anti-wear performance of three kinds of organomolybdemun compounds in the engine oils, i. e., molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate (MoDDP), molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate ( MoDTC), and sulphur and phosphorus freeorganomolybdeum (Molybdate). The results indicate that a low concentration of MoDDP doesn' t improve the anti-wear properties of the commercial engine oils, but a high concentration of MoDDP can obviously improve the anti-wear properties and the load-carrying capacity of the engine oils. MoDTC doesn' t improve the antiwear properties of the engine oils, but worsens the anti-wear properties of the oils. Signifi can timprove ment of frictional and wear characteristics is obtained with Molybdate added in the commercial engine oils and the formulated oils.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Certification Becomes Important for the I Quality; and Safety Supervision of the Chinese Liquor Sector

The end of 2007, over 200 unit products of more than 80 Chinese firms have passed the quality grade certification for liquor products. These products involve distilled spirits, beer, wine, yellow wine, fruit syrup wine and others, and cover over 80% of the national top-branded liquor products.……     

Deposition and Coating Properties on CVD Tungsten

Surface characterization and microstructure studies are performed on chemical vapor deposited (CVD) tungsten coating. There is about 2 μm thickness diffusion layer of tungsten in the molybdenum substrate. The thermal shock test shows tungsten coating has good adhesion with molybdenum substrate, but the elements of oxygen and carbon in the tungsten coating have the bad affection to the adhesion. The result of high-temperature diffusion experiment is the diffusion rate from molybdenum substrate to tungsten coating is faster.     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Analysis of marine hydrobiont lipid extracts as possible cryoprotective agents

We studied a combined effect of the cryoprotectants both of lipid and carbohydrate origin at the presence of DMSO or without it on cell viability and the RNA synthesis in the embryonic mollusc and echinoderm cell cultures obtained at different developmental stages. Cryoprotective properties of exogenous lipids correlated with their thermotropic behavior. Lipid extracts from marine hydrobiontes, which thermal transitions are characterized by relatively small part of calorimetric thermogram area lying at temperatures above 0 °C (6–18%), were found to possess a considerable cryoprotective activity. The results are discussed in relation to the prediction of the cryoprotective activity of lipid extracts for marine animal cells. In addition, it was found that marine invertebrate cells can be cryopreserved without DMSO at the presence of trehalose and lipid extracts of some marine hydrobiontes.     

Low-Temperature Properties of Silver

Pure silver is used extensively in the preparation of high-temperature superconductor wires, tapes, films, and other configurations in which the silver not only shields the superconducting material from the surrounding materials, but also provides a degree of flexibility and strain relief, as well as stabilization and low-resistance electrical contact. Silver is relatively expensive, but at this stage of superconductor development, its unique combination of properties seems to offer the only reasonable means of achieving usable lengths of conductor. In this role, the low-temperature physical (electrical, thermal, magnetic, optical) and mechanical properties of the silver all become important. Here we present a collection of properties data extracted from the cryogenic literature and, to the extent possible, selected for reliability.