心肺复苏仪胸外心脏按压对心肺复苏成功的影响

目的:探讨心肺复苏仪胸外心脏按压对心肺复苏成功的影响。方法:将42例心跳呼吸骤停患者随机分为徒手胸外心脏按压组(A组)和心肺复苏仪胸外心脏按压组(B组)。二组均进行无创动脉血压、心电、经皮氧饱和度sPO2等监测。结果:B组的自主循环恢复率和24小时存活率均明显高于A组(P<0.05和P<0.01),但二组的出院存活率无显著性差异。B组的经皮氧饱和度明显高于A组(P<0.05),而自主循环恢复时间则明显短于后者(P<0.01);二组的平均动脉压无显著性差异。结论:心肺复苏仪胸外心脏按压在提高自主循环率,缩短自主循环恢复时间,改善患者生存机会等方面明显优于徒手胸外心脏按压。     

医护人员胸外心脏按压技术指标的达标分析

目的通过模型人分析医护人员实施胸外心脏按压技术指标的达标情况，探讨提高胸外按压质量的对策。方法利用Laerdal高级复苏模型及Laerdal计算机技能报告系统监测某三级甲等医院219名临床医护人员对模拟人实施胸外心脏按压的质量，包括按压定位、按压频率、按压深度、胸壁回弹率，同时记录疲劳时间。结果医护人员进行模拟心肺复苏胸外心脏按压的疲劳时间为57．46S，明显低于《2010美国心脏协会心肺复苏及心血管急救指南》推荐的标准（P〈O．01）；平均按压频率正确率（即按压频率〉100次／min占的比例）为95．63％，平均定位准确率为83．35％，按压深度正确率（≥5cm）为14．54％，胸壁回弹率为78．51％。结论对医护人员进行心肺复苏技术培训应重视按压深度及胸壁回弹等重点环节，并提醒胸外心脏按压者自觉疲劳时应及时换人。     

胸外心脏按压质量指标之间的相关性研究

目的 探讨胸外心脏按压质量指标之间的相互关系,明确高品质胸外心脏按压的培训及操作的要点.方法 使用Laerdal ACLS高级生命支持模型人(200-05050)对219名医护人员进行心肺复苏培训,利用Laerdal@计算机技能报告系统监测临床医护人员进行胸外心脏按压时的按压定位、按压频率、按压深度、胸壁回弹率,以及操作者自觉疲劳时间,并对各因素进行描述及相关性分析.结果 胸外心脏按压的质量指标与操作者的性别相关,男性的自觉疲劳时间、按压深度的正确率、按压频率和按压频率正确率均高于女性,但胸壁回弹率低于女性;胸外心脏按压的各个质量指标之间相互相关,其中自觉疲劳时间与除按压频率以外的所有质量指标相关.结论 应定期对临床医护人员进行胸外心脏按压的操作培训.在进行胸外心脏按压临床实践操作时,建议在操作者感觉疲劳前换人,尤其对于体弱或女性操作者应缩短换人时间.在培训中,应着重培训操作者对按压频率的控制,要适当控制按压的频率来保证按足够的按压深度,延缓操作者疲劳的产生,从而来提高胸外心脏按压的质量.     

不同心脏按压与人工呼吸配合方式新生儿心肺复苏临床研究

在标准的新生儿心肺复苏(CPR)时,有两种胸外心脏按压与人工呼吸配合方式:一种是二者交替进行,即每次做人工呼吸时,心脏按压必须暂停,做间歇胸外心脏按压心肺复苏(intermittent chest compression cardiopulmonary resuscitation,ICC-CPR);另一种是二者同时各自进行,即人工呼吸时心脏按压不停止,做连续胸外心脏按压心肺复苏(continuous chest compression cardio-pulmonary.resuscitation,CCC-CPR).     

不同胸外心脏按压方式对老年患者心肺复苏效果的影响

目的探讨心肺复苏机持续机械胸外心脏按压模式对心搏呼吸骤停(CPA)老年患者心肺复苏(CPR)效果的影响。方法依据CPR时采用胸外心脏按压方式的不同将150例院内发生的CPA老年患者分为两组,76例采用心肺复苏机持续机械胸外心脏按压的为机械组,74例采用多人次人工徒手胸外心脏按压的为人工组,两组使用气管插管、电除颤、药物复苏等抢救措施相同,比较两组患者恢复自主循环(ROSC)所需时间及比例。结果机械组患者ROSC所需时间优于人工组[(17.5±5.2)min比(26.8±7.3)min,P0.05],机械组ROSC例数高于人工组(42例比28例,P0.05)。结论心肺复苏机持续机械胸外心脏按压模式在缩短CPA老年患者ROSC时间、提高ROSC比例及CPR有效率方面均优于人工徒手胸外心脏按压。     

音乐节拍器引导胸外按压在实习生心肺复苏培训中的应用

目的 探讨音乐节拍器引导胸外按压在实习生心肺复苏培训中的应用效果.方法 选择本院2019年1月进岗的实习生187名开展专项心肺复苏培训,根据随机对照法将其随机分为自由按压组及音乐节拍组两组,其中自由按压组93人,音乐节拍组94人,自由按压组采用无任何引导下进行胸外按压完成心肺复苏培训,音乐节拍组在节拍器引导下进行胸外按压完成心肺复苏培训,比较两组实习生的心肺复苏考核成绩、胸外按压效果及满意度.结果 自由按压组与音乐节拍组在按压规范性如按压频率、每30次平均按压时间、按压深度及心肺复苏考核成绩比较有统计学意义(P<0.05),音乐节拍组在按压频率、按压时间、按压深度及心肺复苏考核成绩优于自由按压组,同时实习生满意度也较自由按压组高,具有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论 音乐节拍器引导胸外按压应用在实习生心肺复苏培训中,能正确引导实习生保持按压规范,保证稳定的按压频率、时间与深度,提高了心肺复苏培训效果及满意度,值得在临床培训中推广.     

持续心脏按压心肺复苏术在院内心脏骤停患者的应用研究

目的 探讨院内心脏骤停患者行连续胸外心脏按压心肺复苏能否提高复苏成功率.方法 67例院内发生心脏骤停的患者随机分为CCC-CPR组(即实验组n=35)和ICC-CPR组(即对照组n=32).两组均按照2005国际心肺复苏指南要求进行抢救,实验组采用人工呼吸时不停止胸外心脏按压,做连续胸外心脏按压;对照组按照2:30的比率进行人工呼吸和心脏按压,每次做人工呼吸时,胸外心脏按压必须暂停,做间歇胸外心脏按压心肺复苏(ICC-CPR).结果 实验组自主循环恢复率明显高于对照组(85.5% vs 61.4%,P<0.05);24 h生存率实验组明显高于对照组(28.6% vs 15.6%,P<0.01).结论 CCC-CPR可明显地提高院内心脏骤停患者自主循环恢复率和24 h生存率.     

与胸外心脏按压同时和非同时机械通气对心肺复苏影响的比较

目的：探讨与胸外心脏按压同时和非同时机械通气在心肺复苏中应用的效果。方法：将12例心跳呼吸骤停患者随机分为与胸外心脏按压同时控制机械通气组和与胸外按压非同时手控机械通气组。采用控制通气模式机械通气与持续循手胸外心脏按压同时进行;后者采用手控通气模式机械通气（MAMV）与间断徒手胸外心脏按压非同时配配合进行心肺复苏,胸外心脏按压每5次后暂停1次,在暂停间期给予MAMV1次,之后通气与按压依此比例进行。2组均进行无创动脉血压、心电、经皮氧饱和度（SpO2)、潮气量（VT)、气道峰压（Ppeak)等监测。结果：与胸外心脏按压非同时手控机械通气组的SpO2、VT均明显高于与胸外心脏按压同时模式通气组的SpO2和VT,P均＜0．05;而peak则明显低于后者,P＜0．05;2组的平均动脉压无显著差别。结论：与胸外心脏按压非同时手控机械通气在提高SpO2、VT,降低Ppeak,恢复窦性心律及提高心肺复苏成功率等方面明显优于与胸外心脏按压同时控制机械通气。     

PDCA循环理论在胸外心脏按压培训中的应用

目的探讨PDCA循环理论在胸外心脏按压培训中的应用效果。方法应用PDCA循环理论对70名急诊科和ICU医护人员进行胸外心脏按压培训,并比较培训前后考核质量。结果培训后胸外心脏按压定位、频率、深度、胸壁完全回弹差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.01或P<0.05)。结论 PDCA质量持续改进方案能有效提高临床医护人员的胸外心脏按压质量。     

心脏骤停患者采用便携式胸腔按压机和徒手胸外心脏按压疗效探讨

目的:探讨心脏骤停患者采用便携式胸腔按压机和徒手胸外心脏按压的救治效果。方法:汕头大学医学院第二附属医院对汕头市潮阳区大峰医院急诊科医护人员进行便携式胸腔按压机和徒手胸外心脏按压培训考核,统计初考和补考合格率。选取2016年1月至2019年12月汕头市潮阳区大峰医院急诊科接诊的心脏骤停患者60例为研究对象,其中采用便携式胸腔按压机急救的患者38例为A组,徒手胸外心脏按压急救患者22例为B组。比较两组救治效果以及不良反应事件发生率,监测比较两组患者复苏后3 min、5 min、10 min、20 min的心率、血氧饱和度(SPO_2)、血压、呼吸频率等指标水平。抢救后两组患者均进行了血气分析。结果:45名急诊医护人员初次考核合格率为86.67%(39/45),补考合格率为100.00%(45/45)。与B组比较,A组心肺复苏成功率比B组高(P0.05)。两组血气分析指标、气胸、胸壁胸内脏器受损和肋骨骨折等不良反应事件发生率比较,无明显差异(P0.05)。A组心肺复苏后10 min、20 min的SPO_2高于B组(P0.05)。结论:急诊医护人员需要规范培训掌握便携式胸腔按压机和徒手胸外按压的急救方法,对比发现心脏骤停患者急救采用便携式胸腔按压A组,比徒手胸外心脏按压的B组效果好,且安全性高,值得推广应用。     

No-reflow after cardiac arrest

Objective Successful resuscitation of the brain requires unimpaired blood recirculation. The study addresses the question of the severity and reversibility of no-reflow after cardiac arrest.Design Adult normothermic cats were submitted to 5, 15 and 30 min cardiac arrest by ventricular fibrillation. The extent of no-reflow was assessed in each cardiac arrest group after 5 min closed chest cardiac massage in combination with 0.2 mg/kg epinephrine or after successful resuscitation followed by 30 min recirculation.Measurements and results Reperfusion of the brain was visualized by labelling the circulating blood with FITC-Albumin. Areas of no-reflow, defined as absence of microvascular filling, were identified by fluorescence microscopy at 8 standard coronal levels of forebrain, and expressed as percent of total sectional area. During cardiac massage, noreflow affected 21±5%, 42±38% and 70±27% of forebrain after 5, 15 and 30 min cardiac arrest, respectively. After 30 min spontaneous recirculation following successful resuscitation of the heart, no-reflow significantly declined to 7±11% after 5 min cardiac arrest (p<0.05) but persisted in 30±11% and 65±21% of forebrain after 15 and 30 min cardiac arrest, respectively (n.s.).Conclusion Our observations demonstrate that resuscitation of the heart by closed chest massage causes severe (and after prolonged cardiac arrest irreversible) no-reflow of the brain. This suggests that no-reflow is an important cause of postresuscitation brain pathology.     

Cerebral blood flow during open-chest cardiac massage with occlusion of the descending aorta in dogs

Cerebral blood flow (CBF) and carotid blood flow (CAF) during open-chest cardiac massage with and without occlusion of the descending aorta was examined in 10 dogs to assess whether they were augmented by occlusion. In control measurements with a normally beating heart, CBF with and without occlusion of the descending aorta were 17.8 +/- 2.3 and 13.8 +/- 2.2 ml/min (+/- S.E.M.), which were not significantly different. Cerebral blood flow during open-chest cardiac massage were 6.1 +/- 1.0 with occlusion and 5.7 +/- 1.0 ml/min without occlusion of the descending aorta, which were also not significantly different. By contrast, CAF increased significantly with occlusion of the descending aorta both during control measurement, with mean increases of 61.1% and 92.2% during open-chest cardiac massage (P = 0.05). While occlusion generally failed to augment CBF; in two dogs resuscitation was successful by manual cardiac massage. With the restoration of cardiac activity it increased immediately to twice that of control blood flow, and then gradually returned to the control level. Based on these observations, it is the author's opinion that every effort should be directed toward the restoration of cardiac activity as quickly as possible during circulatory arrest, and to increase CBF which is essential for neurological recovery.     

心脏直视手术中心脏复苏困难的处理

目的：为提高心脏直视手术中心脏复苏率。方法：总结２０例心脏直视手术中心脏复苏困难的处理经验。结果：胸内心脏挤压和中等剂量心脏兴奋剂有利于心脏手术中的心脏复苏；心肌出现粗颤即应尽早除颤，不宜片面追求较高的心脏自动复跳率。对复苏困难病例，依其不同情况，在常规复苏方法的基础上，可采用一些特殊复苏措施，包括消除导致复苏困难的原因、长时间心脏挤压和长时间体外循环辅助、采用外科手段等。结论：有多种因素影响心脏直视手术中的心脏复苏，正确分析判断复苏困难的特殊原因，恰当地采用综合性措施（包括外科手段）进行复苏可收到良好效果。     

心脏直视手术中的心脏复苏(附124例报告)

本文总结了124例心脏直视手术中心脏复苏的经验。实践表明，双手挤压法和中等剂量心脏兴奋剂更利于心脏手术中的心脏复苏；心肌出现粗颤即应尽早除颤，不宜片面追求较高的心脏自动复跳率。对复苏困难病例，依其不同情况，在常规复苏方法的基础上，可采用一些特殊复苏措施。应指出，有多种因素影响心脏直视手术中的心脏复苏，也应采用相应的综合性措施进行复苏。     

人工心脏起搏器安装术后病人足底推拿的效果评价

目的探讨足底推拿对人工心脏起搏器安装术后病人便秘、体位性低血压、伤口愈合时间、睡眠时间、伤口疼痛的作用效果。方法将60例人工心脏起搏器安装术后病人,采用分层随机抽样法分为对照组30例和实验组30例,对照组予常规护理(止血、心电监护、皮肤护理、心理疗法等),实验组在对照组的基础上应用足底推拿护理技术。结果两组病人采用不同的护理方法对病人术后伤口疼痛、睡眠时间、便秘、体位性低血压、伤口愈合时间有显著性差异(P<0.01)。结论足底推拿能有效疏通全身经络,加速血液循环,改善全身症状,减少术后病人伤口疼痛和改善失眠,防止便秘,减少下床活动时体位性低血压等并发症,有利于提高病人的生活质量,加快了术后康复。     

Tension pneumoperitoneum complicating cardiac resuscitation

A case of gastric rupture and tension pneumoperitoneum following cardiac resuscitation is presented. Respiratory embarrassment necessitated emergency decompression by needle puncture of the peritoneal cavity, followed by laparotomy and repair of the gastric tear. The post-operative course has been satisfactory. The eatiology of the gastric rupture is discussed and recommendations are made for the prevention and treatment of this unusual complication of combined mouth to mouth respiration and external cardiac massage.     

膈肌下抬挤心脏复苏法对兔心肌细胞Fas/Fas-L表达的影响

目的 比较两种不同复苏方法对心搏骤停兔心肌组织Fas,Fas-L及凋亡的影响.方法 分别采用膈肌下抬挤心脏复苏法与标准心肺复苏法对开腹手术中窒息致心搏骤停兔进行复苏,计算6 h存活率,榆测复苏成功6 h后心肌细胞Fas,Fas-L表达及凋亡,对比两组的不同.结果 膈肌下复苏组6 h存活率显著高于标准心肺复苏组,差异具有统计学意义(75%vs.25%,P＜0.05),心肌细胞Fas,Fas-L表达[Fas:(27.3±4.7)vs.(55.1±6.7);Fasl:(32.7±5.4)vs.(58.9±7.2)]及心肌细胞凋亡率显著低于标准心肺复苏组.差异具有统计学意义[(12.7±3.4)%V8.(22.5±5.2)%(P＜0.05)].结论 开腹手术发生心搏骤停时,膈肌下抬挤心脏复苏法较标准心肺复苏法心肌细胞Fas,Fas-L表达减少,心肌细胞凋亡减少,缺血.再灌注损伤程度减轻,6 h存活率提高.     

Minimally invasive direct cardiac massage versus closed-chest cardiopulmonary resuscitation in a porcine model of prolonged ventricular fibrillation cardiac arrest

Open chest cardiac massage has been shown to be superior to closed-chest cardiopulmonary resuscitation for both hemodynamics produced during resuscitation and ultimate resuscitation success. The inexperience of many rescuers with emergency thoracotomy, along with the associated morbidity contributes to the continued reluctance in the use of invasive cardiopulmonary resuscitation techniques. A device has been developed for performing 'minimally invasive' direct cardiac massage. This technique was compared to standard closed-chest CPR for resuscitation results in 20 swine during prolonged ventricular fibrillation cardiac arrest. Minimally invasive direct cardiac massage was superior to closed-chest CPR for return of spontaneous circulation (7/10 vs. 2/10; P<0.02) and coronary perfusion pressure at 30 min of CPR (17+/-9 vs. 6+/-6 mmHg; P<0.05). No significant injuries altering outcome were found with the invasive device. Throughout most of the time course of the study no significant differences in end-tidal expired carbon dioxide levels were noted. Nor were there any differences in 24-h survival. Improvements in assuring proper placement of the device on the epicardium should make this technique a potent advanced cardiac life support adjunct.     

Open-chest cardiac massage after closed-chest compression in a canine model: when to intervene

Open-chest cardiac massage appears beneficial in improving hemodynamics during resuscitation efforts and in improving resuscitation success. The time between cardiac arrest and the initiation of open-chest cardiac massage is crucial. It would appear that if initiation of open chest cardiac massage is delayed for more than 20 min from the onset of cardiac arrest, little or no successful outcome can be expected. Further techniques for assessing the adequacy of closed-chest compression CPR are needed. Such techniques would allow early identification of ineffective resuscitation efforts and provide the opportunity for early change to other, presumably more effective, techniques.     

经膈肌下抬挤心脏方法对心脏停搏兔复苏的实验研究

目的 比较标准胸外按压心肺复苏(S-CPR)与经膈肌下心脏按压心肺复苏(D-CPR)对复苏循环效应的影响;评价D-CPR用于CPR的可行性.方法 健康新西兰白兔20只,经呼气末窒息8 min造成心脏停搏(CA)模型.随机分两组,每组10只,分别实施S-CPR和D-CPR;于窒息前平静5 min后开始连续记录升主动脉收缩压(AOS)和舒张压(AOD)、经皮血氧饱和度(Sp02)、右心房收缩压(RASP)和舒张压(RADP)、心电图(ECG)等直至实验结束;计算升主动脉平均动脉压(MAP)、冠状动脉灌注压(CPP);分别观察两组动物的自主循环恢复(ROSC)率及6 h存活率.结果 S-CPR组有5只、D-CPR组有8只动物获得ROSC(ROSC率分别为50%和80%,P=20.05);S-CPR组6 h存活率为40%,D-CPR组为50%.D-CPR组复苏1 rain和5 rain时AOS、AoD、MAP和CPP均高于S-CPR组(P均<0.05);D-CPR组复苏1 rain时MAP、CPP分别是其基础值的54.1%、33.4%.5 min时为60.0%、41.8%,而S-CPR组复苏1 min时AOS、AOD为基础值的37.3%、16.5%,5 min时为38.5%、17.1%#且D-CPR组ROSC后动物血流动力学较S-CPR组变化平稳.结论 D-CPR方法可产生较高的动脉血压和心排血量,并能增加实验动物的ROSC率和短期存活率.D-CPR方法优于S-CPR.