前瞻性心电门控结合冠状动脉追踪冻结技术在高心率冠状动脉CT成像中的应用

目的 探讨前瞻性心电门控结合冠状动脉追踪冻结(SSF)技术对快心率患者降低辐射剂量及保证图像质量的价值。方法 60例患者接受前瞻性心电门控扫描,心率为73~80次/分。根据患者体质量指数选择管电流为230~750 mA,管电压为100~120 kV。扫描后分别采用SSF重建及不采用SSF重建。计算患者的有效剂量(ED),并将其与回顾性心电门控螺旋扫描参数模拟计算的ED进行对比。采用美国心脏学会冠状动脉分段方法对其图像质量评分。结果 前瞻性心电门控结合SSF技术与不结合SSF技术的冠状动脉图像质量评分分别为 (3.41±0.59)分和(2.55±1.45)分(P<0.05)。前瞻性心电门控结合SSF技术与回顾性心电门控成像的ED分别为(4.86±0.80)mSv和(15.80±2.50) mSv (P<0.05)。结论 前瞻性心电门控结合SSF技术可明显减少辐射剂量,并同时获得满足临床诊断需要的图像质量。     

64层螺旋CT前瞻性与回顾性心电门控冠状动脉成像图像质量与辐射剂量比较的系统评价

目的对64层螺旋CT前瞻性心电门控与回顾性心电门控冠状动脉成像对照研究的文献进行Meta汇总分析,系统评价前瞻性心电门控的临床应用价值。方法通过电子检索中英文数据库(Medline、Pubmed、CNKI及万方数据库)和人工检索获取64层螺旋CT前瞻性心电门控与回顾性心电门控冠状动脉成像对照研究的文献。对符合条件的研究进行质量评估、异质性检验。计数资料及计量资料分别应用比值比及标准化差值作为效应量,根据异质性检验结果利用相符合的模型进行效应量合并。结果 64层螺旋CT前门控及后门控图像质量采用固定效应模型合并效应量(OR=1.10,95%CI=0.87～1.39)。认为前门控与后门控图像质量差异无统计学意义;64层螺旋CT前门控及后门控辐射剂量采用随机效应模型合并效应量[标准化均数差值(SMD)=-6.83,95%CI=-8.45～-5.22]。认为前门控与后门控图像质量差异有统计学意义。结论在低心率及心率变异的情况下,64层螺旋CT前瞻性心电门控冠状动脉成像同回顾性心电门控相比可以获得可用于诊断的图像质量,并且大幅减低辐射剂量。     

双源CT非心率控制自适应前瞻性心电门控序列扫描冠状动脉成像

目的探讨双源CT非心率控制低剂量自适应前瞻性心电门控序列扫描冠状动脉成像的可行性。方法前瞻性收集94例患者进行双源CT非心率控制自适应前瞻性心电门控序列扫描技术冠状动脉成像。由2名放射科医师利用双盲法以5分法评定系统对冠状动脉15支分支血管的成像质量,图像质量≥3分认为可满足影像学评价要求;分析平均心率、心率变化与图像质量的相关性,评估2名医师评价图像质量的一致性,并计算容积CT剂量指数(CTDIvol)和有效剂量(ED)。结果扫描期间94例患者的平均心率为(87.24±13.76)次/分。共1410段冠状动脉节段纳入分析,其中1334段(94.61%)可满足影像学评价要求,76段(5.39%)不能满足要求。94例患者平均冠状动脉得分为(4.25±0.93)分,图像质量与心率(r=-0.17,P=0.11)及心率变化(r=0.10,P=0.32)均无相关性,2名评价者间的一致性较好(Kappa值=0.90,P<0.001),CTDIvol均值为(11.84±1.76)mGy,平均ED为(2.19±0.45)mSv。结论双源CT自适应前瞻性心电门控序列扫描冠状动脉成像技术可无需控制心率而得到能够满足临床诊断需要的冠状动脉图像,且能显著降低辐射剂量。     

大螺距双源CT心脏与头颈血管一站式联合扫描的可行性

目的 评价Flash双源CT前瞻性心电门控螺旋扫描模式（Flash Spiral模式）心脏与头颈血管一站式联合成像的图像质量、辐射剂量。方法 选择246例连续性患者,分为3组,每组82例：A组采用Flash Spiral模式行心脏与头颈血管联合扫描;B组采用Flash Spiral模式心脏成像;C组采用双能量扫描模式行头颈部CTA。分别测量主动脉根部CT值及CNR,测量颈总动脉起始部、颈内动脉起始部、大脑中动脉M1段、椎动脉V4段CT值及图像噪声,评价图像质量、有效辐射剂量。结果 A组与B组冠状动脉平均图像质量评分差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）,A组与C组头颈部血管图像质量评分差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）,A组头颈部ED显著低于C组（t=24.215,P<0.01）。结论 大螺距双源CT Flash Spiral模式心脏与头颈部血管一站式联合扫描图像质量好,成功率高,对比剂用量少,辐射剂量低。     

冠状动脉CT血管造影成像中前瞻性与回顾性心电门控技术的比较

目的 评价前瞻性与回顾性心电门控冠状动脉CT血管造影成像的图像质量及辐射剂量.方法 选择心率≤65次/分,节律规则的冠状动脉受检者69例,随机分为实验组(34例)和对照组(35例),分别采用前瞻性和回顾性心电门控进行CT冠状动脉检查.记录两组的辐射剂量并进行统计学分析,同时采用双盲法对图像质量进行评价.结果 实验组和对照组的平均辐射剂量分别为(2.00±0.23)mSv、(10.20±0.96)mSv,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.001).两组各段冠状动脉图像质量方面差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 冠状动脉CT血管造影成像的前瞻性心电门控技术可大幅降低冠状动脉成像时的辐射剂量,对于心率较低的受检者具有推广价值.     

256排宽体探测器CT智能心电门控技术在不控制心率患者冠状动脉CTA中的应用

目的 探讨256排宽体探测器CT智能心电门控技术对不控制心率患者CT冠状动脉成像的图像质量及可诊断性。方法 200例疑似冠心病的患者接受256排宽体探测器CT冠状动脉成像,采用智能心电门控扫描,根据扫描患者实时心率分成4组,A组（心率≤69次/分）、B组（心率为70~80次/分）、C组（心率为81~90次/分）、D组（心率≥91次/分）,每组50例。由2名有心血管CT诊断经验的医师以盲法对4组冠状动脉成像的图像质量及可诊断性进行评价,并比较各组的辐射剂量。结果 4组患者年龄、性别、体质量指数差异无统计学意义;图像质量主观评分差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。200例患者共评价600支血管2 575个节段,4组图像节段水平、患者水平、血管水平的可诊断率差异均无统计学意义（P均>0.05）。A~D组的有效辐射剂量分别为（1.05±0.48）mSv、（2.41±1.20）mSv、（1.27±0.55）mSv、（2.66±1.12）mSv,差异有统计学意义（F=29.22,P<0.001）。结论 Revolution CT宽体探测器智能心电门控技术在不同心率患者单个心动周期完成冠状动脉CTA检查具有可行性,并提高了中高心率患者检查成功率及图像质量。     

冠状动脉64排螺旋CT成像中前瞻性与回顾性心电门控比较

目的 比较64排螺旋CT前瞻性心电门控(prospective ECG-gating)技术与回顾性心电门控(retrospective ECG-gating)技术进行冠状动脉CTA(CCTA)检查的扫描时间、血管可评估率、图像质量及辐射剂量.方法 133例疑似冠状动脉疾病的患者,分为两组:①实验组68例:采用前瞻性心电门控技术成像;②对照组65例:采用回顾性心电门控技术成像.计算扫描时间、各段冠状动脉可评估率,同时进行图像质量评价,记录辐射剂量并进行统计学分析.结果 平均扫描时间实验组为7.12 s,对照组为9.43 s;血管可评估率实验组为94.93%,对照组为94.46%;平均有效辐射剂量实验组(3.69 mSv)比对照组(15.86 mSv)降低77%;两组各段冠状动脉图像质量比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 在64排螺旋CT冠状动脉成像中,与回顾性心电门控技术相比,前瞻性心电门控技术在保证血管可评估率及图像质量的前提下可降低77%的辐射剂量.     

64排螺旋CT冠状动脉成像与心电门控技术的图像质量及辐射剂量比较

目的对比分析64排螺旋CT冠状动脉成像中前瞻性与回顾性心电门控技术的应用效果。方法选择2018年2月～2019年2月我院收治的诊断或疑似冠状动脉疾病患者80例,按照入院顺序分为对照组和观察组各40例。对照组给予回顾性心电门控扫描,观察组给予前瞻性心电门控扫描。观察两组患者的CTCA辐射相关指标剂量、CTCA各段冠状动脉成像质量相关指标等实验数据。结果观察组患者CTCA辐射相关指标剂量均显著低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);两组患者CTCA各段冠状动脉成像质量相关指标比较,差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论 64排螺旋CT冠状动脉成像中,前瞻性心电门控技术与回顾性心电门控技术在图像质量方面无明显差异,但前瞻性心电门控技术可有效降低辐射剂量,具有更高的临床应用价值。     

心率-时间曲线在64层CT冠状动脉成像中的价值

目的 探讨心率-时间曲线在CT冠状动脉成像(CTCA)中的价值及临床应用。 方法 选取拟接受CTCA检查患者400例,分为A、B两组,每组200例。A组在扫描前5 s吸气屏气;B组根据训练时的心率-时间曲线,选取屏气后心率最佳时间进行扫描。心率在吸气屏气后随时间变化的规律分为下降型、平稳型、上升型及上升后下降型。统计并比较B组患者训练时和扫描时的曲线分布,A、B两组扫描时的心率波动和扫描开始时的心率;评价并比较A、B两组冠状动脉节段图像质量优良率。 结果 B组训练时与扫描时比较,患者心率-时间曲线分布差异无统计学意义(χ²=0.751,P>0.05)。B组扫描时心率低于A组(t=3.523,P<0.01),心率波动小于A组(t=4.417,P<0.01)。A组冠状动脉节段图像质量优良率82.08%(2134/2600),B组为88.19%(2293/2600)(χ²=3.82,P<0.01)。 结论 利用训练时的心率-时间曲线可以优化扫描;利用心率-时间曲线可以在扫描时有效控制心率,减少心率波动,提高CTCA的成像质量。     

静脉应用艾司洛尔对CT冠状动脉造影中Double-Flash扫描模式应用率的影响

目的 观察静脉应用艾司洛尔控制心率对Double-Flash模式在CT冠状动脉造影（CTCA）中的应用率的影响。方法 对心率≤100 次/分的258例受检者行CTCA检查。将受检者随机分为两组,A组为自然心率组;B组为心率控制组,对其中心率>65次/分者静脉推注艾司洛尔注射液50 mg。CTCA中对心率≤65次/分者应用Double-Flash模式扫描,对>65次/分用回顾性心电门控模式扫描。分别记录A、B两组中两种扫描模式的使用例数、图像质量、辐射剂量及B组药物不良反应发生率。结果 Double-Flash扫描模式A组应用率为61.33%（92/150）,B组为98.15%（106/108）,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。A组有效辐射剂量（ED）和CT容积剂量指数（CTDIvol）分别为（3.54±0.85）mSv和（13.94±0.65）mGy,B组分别为（1.81±0.95）mSv和（3.07±0.62）mGy,差异均有统计学意义（P均<0.05）。B组中无发生药物使用不良反应者。A组98.67%（148/150）、B组96.30%（104/108）图像可诊断,差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。结论 静脉应用艾司洛尔可安全有效地提高CTCA中Double-Flash扫描模式的应用率。     

心脏电机械偶联与Flash双源CT冠状动脉成像在高心率患者中的应用(英文)

Objective To assess the image quality and effective radiation dose of prospectively electrocardiogram-triggered high-pitch spiral acquisition (flash spiral mode)dual-source CT coronary angiography in patients with high heart rate(HR).Methods From 1321 consecutive patients,seventy patients with HR≥70 bpm (group A) and seventy patients with HR<70 bpm (group B) underwent CT angiography and were prospectively included in this study.The start phase for image acquisition of the most cranial slice was selected at ...     

心率变异率对3.0T磁共振自由呼吸全心冠状动脉成像图像质量的影响

目的 观察3.0T磁共振自由呼吸全心冠状动脉成像过程中平均心率(HR)及心率变异对图像质量的影响.方法 应用Philips 3.0T MR,采用节段k空间采集梯度回波序列对65名健康志愿者行自由呼吸回顾性心电门控全心磁共振冠状动脉成像(MRCA)检查.心率变异的程度用HR的标准差占R-R间期的百分比表示.由2名有经验的放射科医生对各冠状动脉近端的MRCA图像质量进行评分(1分:优秀;2分:良好;3分:一般;4分:无诊断意义).采用Pearson相关性分析检验各冠状动脉平均HR及心率变异与MRA图像质量的相关性.结果 65名健康志愿者的平均HR为(64.5±13.3)次/分,心率变异为(6.1%±2.6)%.HR与右侧冠状动脉(P<0.05)以外的各支冠状动脉近端MRA的图像质量无相关性(P>0.05),心率变异与各支冠状动脉的图像质量均显著相关(P<0.001).结论 心率变异对3.0T自由呼吸MRCA图像质量的影响较HR更为显著.     

双源CT冠状动脉成像的重建时相及其与心率的相关性

目的 探讨双源CT(DSCT)冠状动脉成像的最佳重建时相及其与心率的相关性.方法 163例患者接受DSCT冠状动脉成像检查,选择自动化最佳舒张期和最佳收缩期重建模式,按美国心脏协会(AHA)分类指南将冠状动脉树分为15个节段,分3级评价图像质量.分析冠状动脉成像重建的最佳舒张期和最佳收缩期时相位置,采用Pearson相关分析评价其与心率的相关性.结果 163例患者平均心率为(69.3±14.6)次/分,冠状动脉成像重建的最佳舒张期时相为(75.5±4.6)% R-R间期,最佳收缩期时相为(36.4±4.5)% R-R间期;最佳舒张期、最佳收缩期时相的位置与心率分别存在相关性(r=0.307、0.579,P均<0.05);单一最佳时相重建时,总体冠状动脉图像质量得分为(1.06±0.22)分.结论 DSCT冠状动脉成像质量存在两个高峰期,即舒张中期和收缩中晚期;随着心率的增高,最佳舒张期时相位于舒张中期越晚的时相,最佳收缩期时相位于收缩中晚期越晚的时相.     

High-pitch coronary CT angiography with third generation dual-source CT: limits of heart rate

To determine the average heart rate (HR) and heart rate variability (HRV) required for diagnostic imaging of the coronary arteries in patients undergoing high-pitch CT-angiography (CTA) with third-generation dual-source CT. Fifty consecutive patients underwent CTA of the thoracic (n = 8) and thoracoabdominal (n = 42) aorta with third-generation dual-source 192-slice CT with prospective electrocardiography (ECG)-gating at a pitch of 3.2. No β-blockers were administered. Motion artifacts of coronary arteries were graded on a 4-point scale. Average HR and HRV were noted. The average HR was 66 ± 11 beats per minute (bpm) (range 45–96 bpm); the HRV was 7.3 ± 4.4 bpm (range 3–20 bpm). Interobserver agreement on grade of image quality for the 642 coronary segments evaluated by both observers was good (κ = 0.71). Diagnostic image quality was found for 608 of the 642 segments (95 %) in 43 of 50 patients (86 %). In 14 % of the patients, image quality was nondiagnostic for at least one segment. HR (p = 0.001) was significantly higher in patients with at least one non-diagnostic segment compared to those without. There was no significant difference (p > 0.05) in HRV between patients with nondiagnostic segments and those with diagnostic images of all segments. All patients with a HR < 70 bpm had diagnostic image quality in all coronary segments. The effective radiation dose and scan time for the heart were 0.4 ± 0.1 mSv and 0.17 ± 0.02 s, respectively. Third-generation dual-source 192-slice CT allows for coronary angiography in the prospectively ECG-gated high-pitch mode with diagnostic image quality at HR up to 70 bpm. HRV is not significantly related to image quality of coronary CTA.     

64层螺旋CT冠状动脉成像中前瞻性心电门控技术的应用价值

目的 比较64层螺旋CT冠状动脉造影(CTCA)前瞻性心电门控与回顾性心电门控扫描的辐射剂量及图像质量.方法 连续选取60例疑似冠状动脉疾病患者,并随机分为两组:研究组30例[平均体重指数(25.30±3.15)kg/m2,心率≤65次/分]行前瞻性心电门控扫描,根据患者体重选择管电流(400 mA/500 mA);对照组30例[平均体重指数(25.40±3.00)kg/m2,心率≤65次/分]行回顾性心电门控扫描,管电流650 mA.分别计算两组的平均有效剂量(ED),以12 cm作为标准扫描长度计算标准化辐射剂量(ED_(标准)),并进行统计学分析.同时对两组患者冠状动脉段的显示质量进行评估.结果 两组平均ED分别为(5.97±1.04)mSv和(26.25±2.36)mSv,经标准化后,ED_(标准)分别为(5.49±0.45)mSv和(23.77±1.64)mSv.两组平均ED及ED_(标准)的差异均具有统计学意义(P均＜0.001),研究组ED_(标准)较对照组减少76.62%.两组图像质量的差异无统计学意义(χ~2=4.26,P=0.235).结论 前瞻性心电门控较回顾性心电门控技术能够在保证图像质量的同时明显减少辐射剂量.     

Pulse rate variability is not a surrogate for heart rate variability.

To investigate the differences between heart rate (HR) variability and pulse rate (PR) variability, short-term variability of finger pulse wave and ECG signals were studied in 10 children with a fixed ventricular pacemaker rhythm (80 beats/min). Ten healthy children in sinus rhythm served as a reference population. Distal PR and HR were measured continuously using a Finapres device and an ECG respectively. Power spectra for HR and PR were calculated in both the supine and orthostatic positions. In paced subjects, PR spectra exhibited the characteristic respiratory peak, although the HR spectra were flat. Similarly, in healthy children the respiratory fluctuations were more pronounced when calculated from the finger pulse wave signal compared with the ECG signal. The overestimation of HR respiratory fluctuation resulting from distal PR measurement was more pronounced in the standing position; however, this postural effect was demonstrated only in healthy subjects. We observed mechanical respiratory modulation of distal PR independent of classical HR modulations. Our results suggest a mechanical respiratory influence via cardiac output and aortic transmural pressure changes on pulse wave velocity. We conclude that respiratory PR variability does not precisely reflect respiratory HR variability in standing healthy subjects and in patients with low HR variability. Consequently, HR modulation should be studied using the ECG signal rather than the distal pulse wave signal. However, when ECG recording is not available, the distal pulse wave is an acceptable alternative.     

64层螺旋CT冠状动脉成像影响因素分析

目的探讨64层螺旋CT冠状动脉成像的质量影响因素。方法回顾性分析514例行64层螺旋CT冠状动脉成像的影像资料。结果根据图像评价方法,本组优321例,占62.5%;良138例,26.8%;差55例,占10.7%,认定为检查失败。127例ECG前瞻式门控扫描检查失败21例,占16.5%;387例回顾式门控扫描检查失败34例,占8.8%。检查时心率波动≤5/m in 313例,7例失败,占2.2%;6~10/m in 175例,23例检查失败,占13.1%;10~20/m in 26例,25例检查失败,占96.2%。检查过程中37例屏气不好,32例检查失败,占86.5%;3例扫描过程中未能控制呛咳、呃逆,检查失败;53例冠状动脉搭桥术后复查者,1例因扫描范围不足而检查失败;3例过于肥胖,1例扫描参数过低而导致检查失败。结论充分认识64层螺旋CT冠状动脉成像检查中影响成像质量的因素,争取患者最佳配合状态,方能获得更好的图像质量,提高诊断准确性。     

心房颤动患者的低剂量、大螺距双源CT冠状动脉成像的可行性研究(英文)

Objective The objective was to attempt to rule out whether high-pitch spiral acquisition dual-source computed tomography coronary angiography(CTCA)can be performed in patients with atrial fibrillation at low dose.Methods Ten patients with atrial fibrillation who were admitted for a first diagnostic coronary angiogram were screened for participation.All patients underwent dual-source CT.Patients were performed CTCA using the prospectively ECG-gated high-pitch mode and retrospective ECG gating spiral acquisition respectively with their permissions.The start phase for image acquisition of the most cranial slice was selected at 20%-30% of the R-R interval in all patients.Results Image qualities of prospectively ECG-gated high-pitch mode were rated as being excellent in 7 cases of all the patients and only 3 cases′ image qualities were graded score 2.By using retrospective ECG gating spiral acquisition mode,non-diagnostic image quality (score 3) occurred in 4 patients which were observed in RCA and 1 patient in LCX.The estimated radiation dose ranges from 0.68 to 1.887 mSv in flash mode and the radiation dose of spiral mode were very high ranging from 14.92 to 29.308 mSv.Conclusions Our case series suggest that patients with atrial fibrillation rhythm can be performed CTCA with high-pitch spiral acquisition mode.20%-30% of the RR interval window for data acquisition for high-pitch dual-source CTCA may probably obtain good image quality with low doses.     

Estimating oxygen consumption from heart rate and heart rate variability without individual calibration

Heart rate (HR) as an estimator of oxygen consumption (VO(2) ) usually requires HR to be individually calibrated in a separate test. This study examined the validity of a new HR - and HR variability-based method (Firstbeat PRO heartbeat analysis software) in the estimation of VO(2) in real-life tasks. The method takes into account the respiration rate determined from HR variability and the differences in the on/off dynamics of HR and VO(2) , and no calibration tests are needed. Ten men and nine women performed 25 tasks representing different types of daily activities. Portable devices were used to measure R-to-R intervals (ECG), VO(2) and respiration rate. In pooled regression analysis, the estimated VO(2) accounted for 87% of the variability in the actual VO(2) , SEE 3·5 ml min(-1) kg(-1) (1 MET). At group level, the method underestimated slightly the measured VO(2) (mean difference - 1·5 ml min(-1) kg(-1) or - 0·4 METs). Some of the values at low exercise intensities were markedly underestimated, but the agreement was better during light and heavy activities. The limits of agreement for the data were from -8·4 to 5·4 ml min(-1) kg(-1) or from -2·4 to 1·5 METs. At individual level, the average deviations of the predicted VO(2) ranged from -1·0 to 0·6 METs and R(2) from 0·77 to 0·94, respectively. The present data indicate that the prediction method may be considered sufficiently accurate to determine the average VO(2) in field use, but it does not allow precise estimation of VO(2) .     

Heart rate,heart rate variability and inflammatory biomarkers among young and healthy adults

Background: Heart rate (HR), heart rate variability (HRV), and inflammation are all associated with cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. The aim of this study was to assess potential interrelationships between these parameters in a young and healthy population.

Methods: Healthy individuals aged 25–41 years were included in a prospective population-based study. All participants underwent 24-h electrocardiography using a validated device. The standard deviation of all normal RR intervals (SDNN) was pre-defined as the main HRV outcome variable. High-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), total leukocyte (LC) count and LC subtypes were obtained from venous blood samples.

Results: A total of 2064 participants (47% men, 37 years) were included in this analysis. In multivariable linear regression analyses using SDNN as the outcome variable, β-coefficients (95% confidence intervals) per 1 standard deviation (SD) increase on the log-scale were ?0.11 (?0.16; ?0.07), p?Conclusion: In this large cohort of young and healthy adults, inflammatory parameters were strongly associated with increased HR and decreased HRV, suggesting an important interaction between inflammatory pathways and the autonomic nervous system.

• Key message

• Inflammatory biomarkers, such as high-sensitivity C-reactive protein and leukocyte cell count with its subtypes were inversely associated with HRV and positively associated with HR.

• Our findings suggest important interrelationships between inflammatory pathways and the ANS.