纤维胆道镜经T管窦道治疗胆管残余结石490例的应用

目的 探讨术后胆管残余结石纤维胆道镜的应用.方法 回顾性分析纤维胆道镜治疗术后胆管残余结石490例,应用取石网篮、胆道扩张气囊、冲洗管、液电碎石仪取石的临床资料.结果 490例患者中485例取净结石,取石成功率98.98%,取石次数1～8次,平均2.6次,无胆道穿孔等严重并发症,有9例患者发生术后胆道少量出血,并发腹泻3例、发热6例.均经保守治疗后缓解.结论 纤维胆道镜技术是目前治疗术后胆管残余结石的有效方法 .     

纤维胆道镜在治疗胆管结石术后残余结石中的应用

目的 总结纤维胆道镜在治疗胆管结石术后残余结石的应用.方法 回顾性分析2005年6月～2008年3月对326例肝内外胆管残余结石应用纤维胆道镜治疗术后胆管残余结石的疗效.结果 326例患者1次取石成功者246例(72.4%),2次以上取石成功58例(17.8%),12例因窦道闭合取石失败改开放手术治疗,10例纤维胆道镜取石失败.无胆管穿孔等严重并发症发生.结论 应用纤维胆道镜治疗术后胆管残余结石能提高结石的清除率,有较高的安全性,值得推广应用.     

纤维胆道镜治疗肝内胆管结石546例临床分析

目的 探讨纤维胆道镜在治疗肝内胆管结石中的临床效果.方法 回顾性分析经手术建立操作通道后应用纤维胆道镜治疗546例肝内胆管结石患者的临床资料.结果 546例患者中538例取净结石,取石成功率98.5％,取石次数1～12次,平均3.6次,无胆道穿孔等严重并发症,有29例患者发生术后胆道少量出血,并发腹泻46例,发热57例,均经保守治疗后缓解.结论 纤维胆道镜技术是目前治疗肝内外胆管结石的有效方法.     

腹腔镜、纤维胆道镜联合治疗肝内外胆管结石

目的 探讨腹腔镜联合纤维胆道镜治疗肝内外胆管结石的方法及效果.方法 选择近5年来该院收治的45例肝内外胆管结石患者,于腹腔镜下行胆总管探查+纤维胆道镜取石+T管引流术,有残余结石者术后2月经T管瘘道行纤维胆道镜取石.结果 45例手术均获成功,无中转开腹,平均手术时间为(95.0±22.5)min,术中平均失血量为(85.6±16.5)mL,平均住院时间为(7.5±2.6)d,术后并发胆漏2例,腹腔感染1例,均经保守治疗治愈,术后11例胆道残余结石患者经1～3次胆道镜取净.结论 腹腔镜联合纤维胆道镜治疗肝内外胆管结石疗效好,创伤小,恢复快,安全可靠,值得应用.     

胆道结石术后应用纤维胆道镜治疗残余结石107例分析

目的 探讨胆道结石术后应用纤维胆道镜治疗残余结石的方法和效果.方法 对107例胆道探查手术患者术后常规使用胆道镜探查取石.结果 本组均应用胆道镜经T管窦道取石,取尽率为97.8％.结论 胆道探查术后常规应用胆道镜经T管窦道应用纤维胆道镜可有效清除胆管残石.     

胆道镜治疗胆道术后残余结石

目的探讨胆道镜在治疗胆道残石方面的临床意义。方法对20例胆道术后残余结石病人均行纤维胆道镜治疗。结果20例胆道术后残余结石患者经纤维胆道镜治疗，取石成功18例，共53例次；2例因窦道闭合取石失败。结论纤维胆道镜治疗肝内胆管残余结石效果好，安全易行。     

纤维胆道镜在胆管结石围手术期的应用

目的：推广纤维胆道镜的应用，提高胆管结石的治疗效果。方法：在胆管结石手术的围手术期使用纤维胆道镜，取出困难部位结石，术后经T管瘘道取出残余结石。结果：45例术中取石发生残石1例，残石率仅2．2％；术后经T管瘘道取石12例，全部取净，1例行3次取石取净。结论：纤维胆道镜在肝胆管结石围手术期应用能提高疗效。     

胆囊切除术后胆总管残余结石21例临床分析

目的 探讨胆囊切除术后胆道残余结石的原因及预防方法.方法 回顾性分析21例胆囊切除术后残余结石患者的临床资料.结果 本组胆道残余结石发病率为1.8%(21/1150),发现时间为术后1～7个月,3例经T管胆道镜取石,15例行乳头括约肌切开取石,3例经胆总管切开取石,均痊愈.结论 术前全面检查、术中操作规范及合理选择术式,术中充分利用胆管镜、胆管造影等可大大降低胆管术后残石率.     

复原胆肠吻合放置T管引流经纤维胆道镜取石治疗胆管残余结石并感染12例

目的：探讨对胆肠吻合术后胆管残余结石合并感染的有效治疗方法。方法：12例胆肠吻合术后胆管残余结石并感染病人再手术,经吻合口胆管探查,利用纤维胆道镜尽可能取干净结石,复原胆肠吻合的解剖结构,旋转胆总管T管引流。术后2周经T管造影,无结石者拔T管。有结石者经T管窦道纤维胆镜多次取石,直致将结石取干净为止。结果：12例手术复原胆肠吻合,3例经第一次纤维胆道镜将结石取干净,5例经第二次取干净,3例经第三次取干净,1例经第四次取干净。结论：复原胆肠吻合放置T管引流经纤维胆道镜取石是治疗胆肠吻合术后胆管残余结石并感染的有效治疗方法。     

纤维胆道镜在肝内外胆管结石术中术后的应用

目的探讨纤维胆道镜在肝内外胆管结石术中术后的应用价值。方法回顾性分析78例肝内外胆管结石病人手术中、手术后利用纤维胆道镜检查、取石治疗的临床资料。结果本组应用于手术常规取石,结石取出率66.67%;再经术中纤维胆道镜取石,结石取出率达84.62%;术后再经纤维胆道镜取石,结石取出率达96.15%。结论肝内外胆管结石术中常规应用纤维胆道镜有助于降低胆管残石,术后经T管窦道应用纤维胆道镜技术可有效清除胆管残石。     

Guns and Knives in New Mexico: Patterns of Penetrating Trauma, 1978–1993

Objective: To identify patterns of nonfatal and fatal penetrating trauma among children and adults in New Mexico using ED and medical examiner data.
Methods: The authors retrospectively sampled in 5-year intervals all victims of penetrating trauma who presented to either the state Level-1 trauma center or the state medical examiner from a 16-year period (1978–1993). Rates of nonfatal and fatal firearm and stabbing injury were compared for children and adults.
Results: Rates of nonfatal injury were similar (firearm, 34.3 per 100,000 person-years; stabbing, 35.1). However, rates of fatal injury were significantly different (firearm, 21.9; stabbing, 2.7; relative risk: 8.2; 95% confidence interval: 5.4, 12.5). From 1978 to 1993, nonfatal injury rates increased for children (p = 0.0043) and adults (p < 0.0001), while fatal penetrating injury remained constant. The increase in nonfatal injury in children resulted from increased firearm injury rates. In adults, both stabbing and firearm nonfatal injury rates increased.
Conclusions: Nonfatal injury data suggest that nonfatal violence has increased; fatal injury data suggest that violent death rates have remained constant. Injury patterns vary by age, mechanism of trauma, and data source. These results suggest that ED and medical examiner data differ and that both are needed to guide injury prevention programs.     

Dissociable correlates of two classes of retrieval processing in prefrontal cortex

Although substantial evidence suggests that the prefrontal cortex (PFC) implements processes that are critical for accurate episodic memory judgments, the specific roles of different PFC subregions remain unclear. Here, we used event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging to distinguish between prefrontal activity related to operations that (1) influence processing of retrieval cues based on current task demands, or (2) are involved in monitoring the outputs of retrieval. Fourteen participants studied auditory words spoken by a male or female speaker and completed memory tests in which the stimuli were unstudied foil words and studied words spoken by either the same speaker at study, or the alternate speaker. On "general" test trials, participants were to determine whether each word was studied, regardless of the voice of the speaker, whereas on "specific" test trials, participants were to additionally distinguish between studied words that were spoken in the same voice or a different voice at study. Thus, on specific test trials, participants were explicitly required to attend to voice information in order to evaluate each test item. Anterior (right BA 10), dorsolateral prefrontal (right BA 46), and inferior frontal (bilateral BA 47/12) regions were more active during specific than during general trials. Activation in anterior and dorsolateral PFC was enhanced during specific test trials even in response to unstudied items, suggesting that activation in these regions was related to the differential processing of retrieval cues in the two tasks. In contrast, differences between specific and general test trials in inferior frontal regions (bilateral BA 47/12) were seen only for studied items, suggesting a role for these regions in post-retrieval monitoring processes. Results from this study are consistent with the idea that different PFC subregions implement distinct, but complementary processes that collectively support accurate episodic memory judgments.     

Systematic Reviews Published in the January 2011 Issue of The Cochrane Library

ABSTRACT

The Cochrane Library of Systematic Reviews is published quarterly as a DVD and monthly online. The January 2011 issue (first quarterly DVD for 2011) contains 4515 complete reviews, 1985 protocols for reviews in production, and 13,521 one-page summaries of systematic reviews published in the general medical literature. In addition, there are citations of 641,000 randomized controlled trials, and 14,018 cited papers in the Cochrane methodology register. The health technology assessment database contains over 9300 citations. One hundred and seven new reviews have been published in the last 3 months, of which five have potential relevance for practitioners in pain and palliative medicine.     

Interprofessional approaches to creating safe,high quality health care

Three supplementary perspectives are presented arguing that interprofessional collaboration is both necessary and desirable. Nonetheless, there are often too many serious intra-professional barriers and obstacles to interprofessional collaboration to make it successful. Some of these barriers, it is argued and illustrated, are found in the multiple ways in which professional identity is tacitly acquired and embodied in the practitioners' habitual, everyday practice. The paper then explores ways in which reflection, especially Second order reflection, can help to elucidate and overcome these obstacles, as well as increasing professional adaptability and competence.     

Modified micro-superior percutaneously-assisted total hip: early experiences & case reports

Because of the extensile nature and familiarity of the standard posterior-lateral approach to the hip, a family of "micro-posterior" approaches has been developed. This family includes the Percutaneously-Assisted Total Hip (PATH) approach, the Supercapsular (SuperCap) approach and a newer hybrid approach, the Supercapsular Percutaneously-Assisted Total Hip (SuperPATH) approach. Such approaches should ideally provide a continuum for the surgeon: from a "micro" (external rotator sparing) posterior approach, to a "mini" (external rotator sacrificing) posterior approach, to a standard posterior approach. This could keep a surgeon within his comfort zone during the learning curve of the procedure, while leaving options for complicated reconstructions for the more practiced micro-posterior surgeons. This paper details one author's experiences utilizing this combined approach, as well as permutations of this entire micro-posterior family of approaches as applied to more complex hip reconstructions.     

Determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum using immunological inhibition of creatine kinase M subunit activity. Activity kinetics and diagnostic significance in myocardial infarction.

This is a new method for the determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum. The method uses direct activity measurement of creatine kinase B subunit activity after blocking of CK-M subunit activity by inhibiting antibodies. The test takes no longer than 15 min. The method yields an intra-serial C.V. of 2.0-12.9%, and a C.V. from day to day of 5.5%. The detection limit is 3.4 U/l creatine kinase MB. In the 95 cases with proven myocardial infarction several types of creatine kinase MB activity kinetics could be determined. The percentage of creatine kinase MB of peak CK-total is 6-25%, with a mean of 11.1%. The amount of creatine kinase MB with respect to total CK activity after reinfarction is higher than the amount after initial infarction.     

Prise en charge des entorses externes de cheville : étude clinique préliminaire sur l’efficacité du dispositif Myolux™

Ankle sprains are the most common injury of the musculoskeletal system and are associated with significant societal and economic impacts. It has been proven that classical therapeutic strategies may not be effective in preventing recurrent injuries: the recurrence rates reported in the literature can reach 73%. In order to provide an effective rehabilitation solution, a destabilizing orthosis was developed. This device is equipped with a mechanical articulator reproducing the subtalar mechanics and placed under the heel. In this paper, we present the main results of a preliminary clinical study conducted between 2004 and 2007. All subjects included in this study were treated with the abovementioned orthosis during 10 rehabilitation sessions of 30 minutes each. Data show a relatively low recurrence rate of 12% for the overall population. Moreover, it's of primary importance to note that this satisfactory ratio is largely reduced (3% of recurrence rate) for the 29 patients who performed one training session per month after the 10th initial rehabilitation sessions. Hence, the destabilizing orthosis appears to be an effective solution to prevent recurrent ankle sprains. However, joint protection requires long-term and regular training sessions. This result has motivated the development of a similar device allowing patients to perform training sessions at home. Finally, data obtained in this study are promising awaiting the final results of the comparative, multicentric and independent clinical trials currently managed by the Hospices Civils de Lyon.