四余度无刷直流电机电感的解析计算方法

电机的电感系数是研究电机运行性能的关键参数。对电机进行精确建模为仿真其特性,需要准确计算出电机的自感及互感系数。本文基于多回路理论以及单个线圈的气隙磁动势和磁导概念,利用空间谐波分析方法,推导出相绕组的气隙电感系数的通用求解公式。该方法充分考虑了转子凸极效应、磁动势和磁导谐波因素及相绕组端部漏感对气隙磁场的影响。利用所述方法,计算了一台四余度无刷直流电机的电感系数,并对该电机进行了实际测试,实验结果验证了该方法的有效性和准确性。     

多相电机定子绕组改进绕组函数的有限元分析

提出改进绕组函数的有限元算法,解决了改进绕组函数的准确计算问题。根据有限元算法和叠加原理,分析了线圈和多相电机相绕组的改进绕组函数的基本特征,并根据该基本特征研究了多相电机气隙磁动势分布和气隙电感。结果表明,多相电机相绕组的改进绕组函数与绕组函数之间的差别为与多相电机结构有关的函数,电机正常运行时,该函数通常只含偶次谐波,并会影响电机气隙磁动势分布的计算,进而影响交、直轴电感曲线的谐波,但对交、直轴电感曲线的直流分量影响较小,基本可以忽略。     

考虑磁路交叉饱和的内置式永磁同步电动机调速控制

内置式永磁同步电动机由于在结构上气隙小,交直轴电感参数差异大,因此其控制性能受参数影响敏感.由于内置式永磁同步电动机的这个特点,它在其整个控制区域,即恒转矩区域和弱磁运行区域,都必须要考虑磁路交叉饱和对电机参数的影响.文章建立了考虑交叉饱和的永磁同步电动机暂态有限元模型,通过有限元模型和修正的电感计算方法对考虑交叉饱和情况下的电机d轴和q轴电感进行了分析计算.并利用有限元模型对电机最佳电流控制角、输出转矩及弱磁控制性能等进行分析.最后用求得的电感参数用于控制并与直接采用有限元方法的分析结果进行比较验证,实验结果表明两者完全吻合.     

APl000主泵屏蔽电机电感参数的初步分析

介绍AP1000主泵屏蔽电机的结构特点,建立电机气隙主磁通电感参数计算模型,分析定子槽漏磁通的计算方法,给出电机定子绕组电感计算模型,并根据模型分析计算电机参数。     

轴径向气隙混合磁路多边耦合电机非线性模型及性能参数的定量研究

文中提出一种轴、径向气隙混合磁路结构多边耦合电机，针对轴、径向气隙混合磁路多边耦合电机的结构特点，基于齿层比磁导概念，建立了电机的齿层磁参量数据库，进而建立了电机的非线性模型。利用该非线性模型定量计算了具体轴、径向气隙混合磁路多边耦合电机不同励磁条件下的最大静转矩，并进行了实验验证，定量计算了不同条件下的旋转感应电势以及各绕组的平均电感和平均互感。研究表明文中所述内容为轴、径向气隙混合磁路多边耦合电机的分析设计计算提供了有效方法。     

永磁直线同步电机空载反电动势和推力的解析计算

针对目前永磁直线同步电机(PMLSM)磁场解析模型的复杂性,为了提高解析模型的计算效率,采用改进的二维气隙相对磁导函数,以计算考虑齿槽效应时电机的空载反电动势和推力.首先建立无槽PMLSM解析模型,提出改进的二维气隙相对磁导函数以解决切向气隙相对磁导分布,根据有槽PMLSM解析模型计算出电机开槽时的气隙磁通密度法向和切向分布.基于磁场解析模型得到不同极槽配合下电机的空载反电动势和推力,探讨极槽配合、不同槽宽及绕组分布对电磁参数的影响,并用有限元法证明了解析法的正确性.该文提出的方法在保证准确度的前提下,适用于整数槽、分数槽绕组PMLSM的电磁参数计算,具有求解方法简便、计算量小、通用性好的特点,有利于电机的快速电磁设计和性能优化.     

交错并联变换器中无气隙集成磁件耦合度研究

集成磁件的耦合度影响着交错变换器的稳态和瞬态性能。论文提出了可以改变耦合度的平面集成磁件．分析了磁芯在没有气隙的情况下改变电感耦合度的原理,给出了耦合电感耦合度和磁芯设计的数学表达式。利用磁场仿真分析软件比较了不开气隙集成磁件和传统集成磁件的电感量、耦合度和绕组损耗,结果表明不开气隙集成磁件比传统集成磁件具有诸多优点。...     

“气隙”发电机的电感

H.Kofler.E.Reisinger在本文提出了电机气隙绕组电感计算的两种方法。其中一种方法是使用磁场能量法;另一种是利用绕组磁链法。两种方法所必需的磁场计算是应用毕奥——沙威特定律的法则作出的,并将各种类型绕组计算得到的电感与测量结果互相比较。     

定子永磁型双凸极电机转子设计

双凸极永磁电机转子结构简单,其参数变化对电机的运行性能影响很大.通过有限元计算和仿真,分析了转子极弧宽度和斜槽角度对电机磁链、反电势及电感等静态特性的影响.样机测试结果验证了理论分析的正确性.     

一种混合励磁同步发电机的气隙磁密分析及其电压谐波抑制

为改善混合励磁同步发电机的气隙磁密分布,采用三段式气隙长度对转子进行了优化,对比了优化前后的气隙磁密。为抑制电压谐波,在完成转子结构优化的基础上,进一步采用短距、分布电枢绕组以及定子斜槽等措施。最后对样机电压波形进行了实测和质量分析,结果表明:采用三段式气隙长度与定子斜槽相结合,可将电压波形的总谐波失真(THD)抑制在5%的范围内。此外,探讨了偏心距法在切向/径向混合励磁电机中应用的可行性,并对比了分别采用偏心距法和三段式气隙长度法时的气隙磁密。     

Space phasor theory and control of multiphase machines through their decoupling into equivalent three-phase machines

This paper first introduces the space phasor theory from a general mathematical viewpoint and, above all, from a physical one as well. The theory is then applied to the particular case of constant airgap multiphase machines (MMs) fed by arbitrary voltage waveforms. It is mathematically proven, and thereafter checked by simulations too, that these machines can be split into a set of equivalent three-phase machines mechanically coupled but electrically independent. This electrical decoupling leads immediately to develop the very fast torque control schemes of the MMs. All of them boil down to a mere extension of those already used in the homologous three-phase machines.     

Analysis of the Audible Noise of Three-Phase Squirrel-Cage Induction Motors Supplied by Inverters

One of the major problems in inverter-fed motors is the high level of audible noise produced by harmonic current and voltage components. To analyze these phenomena the field in the machine airgap is calculated using the rotating field theory together with the Maxwell stress theorem. This analysis yields a way for predicting the spectrum components produced by the motor and for relating it to the airgap flux density distribution time harmonics caused by the nonsinusoidal supply. The theoretical approach is used for calculating the airgap flux density distribution and the frequency spectrum components of a small three-phase squirrel-cage induction motor fed by a six-step voltage source inverter (VSI) and by a pulsewidth-modulated (PWM) inverter. The theoretical results are compared with experiments.     

Sensitivity of Electrical Appliances to Harmonics and Fractional Harmonics of the Power SYSTEM's Voltage. Part I: Transformers and Induction Machines

The work described in Part I deals with analytical as well as experimental investigations of the effects of harmonics on singleand three-phase transformers including singleand three-phase induction machines as they occur in electrical appliances. The systematic treatment shows that single-phase and three-phase induction machines are more prone to temperature rises due to voltage harmonics than transformers. The work described has been supported by the U.S. Department of Energy.     

CURVATURE EFFECTS IN RADIAL-FIELD PERMANENT MAGNET MACHINES

ABSTRACT

The paper describes two analytical models for predicting the magnet/airgap flux density distribution in radial-field machines having permanent magnets mounted adjacent to the airgap. The models differ in that inter-pole leakage is neglected in the first and accounted for in the second. However, amongst other things, both allow the determination of the spread of magnet working points due to flux focusing. Furthermore, it is shown that for machines in which the magnets are mounted on an inner hub an optimal magnet thickness exists for which the magnetic loading in the airgap is a maximum.     

紧圈对无刷直流电动机转子损耗及温升的影响分析

表贴式无刷直流电动机的永磁体和紧圈如果采用电导率较高的材料,在时间和空间谐波的影响下可能会产生明显的涡流损耗。利用有限元法计算了紧圈分别采用不锈钢和碳纤维两种电导率不同材料表贴式无刷直流电动机的转子涡流损耗,基于计算得到的涡流损耗利用解析集总参数热网络法对两台电机进行了热场分析,并通过实验验证了仿真结果。通过研究发现,采用碳纤维紧圈的电机转子涡流损耗明显减小,转子发热有效改善。     

Analysis of terminal voltage waveform of AC exciting synchronous generators

Recently, adjustable speed hydroelectric power systems have been developed. In those power systems, ac exciting synchronous generators are used instead of the ordinary salient-pole-type synchronous machines. However, some higher harmonic sequences are included in the distribution of air-gap magnetic flux density and in the terminal voltage waveform of the ac exciting synchronous machines because these machines have open winding slots. To develop better machines without terminal voltage waveform distortions, an evaluation method of the terminal voltage harmonics has been needed. This paper describes the mechanism of higher harmonics generation qualitatively and proposes an analytical method of no-load terminal voltage waveforms on the basis of two-dimensional magnetic field analysis considering movement of the rotor for quantitative higher harmonics analysis. The analytical results of higher harmonics show good agreement with the experimental ones.     

Computer-aided detection of airgap eccentricity in operatingthree-phase induction motors by Park's vector approach

The subject of online detection of airgap eccentricity in three-phase induction motors is discussed, and a noninvasive approach, based on the computer-aided monitoring of the stator current Park's vector, is introduced. Experimental results, obtained by using a special fault producing test rig, demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed technique, for detecting the presence of airgap eccentricity in operating three-phase induction machines     

低噪声屏蔽电机定子屏蔽套激振力和受迫振动分析

三相屏蔽电机是屏蔽电泵专属特种电机,该电机的性能优劣对系统振动噪声有很大影响。屏蔽电机气隙内的旋转磁场在定子屏蔽套中感应出涡流,除产生屏蔽套涡流损耗外,该涡流还将与气隙合成磁场相互作用形成径向和切向高频电磁激振力。考虑到定子屏蔽套是薄壁件,与定子齿冠间存在一定的安装间隙,所以在电磁激振力下定子屏蔽套将产生电磁振动和噪声。首先从解析的角度推导得到了径向和切向电磁激振力的数学表达式,进而采用有限元法计算定子屏蔽套典型位置点磁通密度时间谐波和圆周方向上磁通密度空间谐波分布规律及谐波含量,得到了不同屏蔽套材质时的涡流电流密度分布。计算了定子屏蔽套采用哈氏合金时的电磁激振力变化曲线,并与解析计算结果进行了横向对比,验证了解析计算的正确性。最后,计算分析定子屏蔽套的工作模态和在电磁激振力作用下的机械形变,为后续屏蔽电机的减振降噪提供理论依据。     

Methodology for the reduction of parameters in the inverse transformation of Schwarz–Christoffel applied to electromagnetic devices with axial geometry

This paper presents a method for calculating the parameters of the Schwarz–Christoffel inverse transformation using the Genetic Algorithm. It is shown that for problems involving a polygonal geometry with axial symmetry, the number of estimated parameters is reduced by half. Simulations are performed with polygonal figures with several different geometries and with up to 27 sides. A four‐sided polygon is inversely mapped in order to verify the accuracy of the method. The method is also applied for calculating the induction lines and the flux lines in the region of a doubly slotted airgap of an electrical machine. Finally, based on the length of the midline of induction in the airgap, a new and very simple formula to calculate the Carter factor of an electrical machine is presented, which takes into account the actual geometry of the airgap. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

梯形Halbach永磁阵列空心直线同步电动机特性的解析计算与优化

提出了一种新型的双边不对称梯形永磁空心直线电动机。首先使用等效磁荷法建立了梯形单块磁体的三维空间磁场解析模型,再由叠加原理得到双边Halbach阵列空心电机的气隙磁密三维模型。在考虑线圈横向端部效应的基础上,推导出电机运行过程中的反电动势与电磁推力的表达式。利用解析模型分析了梯形磁体阵列气隙磁密谐波分布的规律,并对其进行优化;三维有限元仿真结果表明所提解析模型具有较高的准确度,同时采用经过优化的梯形阵列定子,可以达到提高气隙磁密正弦性从而减小推力波动的目的。