临床未扪及肿块的乳腺病灶穿刺活检现状

对于影像学诊断发现的临床摸不到块的乳腺病灶,可以采用B超或者X线立体定位下进行活检。细针吸取细胞学检查（FNA）和空心针穿刺活检（CNB）是目前最常见的两种穿刺活检诊断方法。对于乳腺X线异常的病灶,X线立体定位穿刺活检不仅诊断敏感性高,而且可以使大量良性病变免于不必要的手术;另外它还有助于手术方案的制定,由于存在组织学低估以及漏检等情况,穿刺活检尚不能完全取代手术活检。因此,必须合理地选择穿刺对刺对象及掌握再次活检的指征。     

乳腺X线立体定位空芯针活检的临床应用

目的评价乳腺X线立体定位空芯针活检在乳腺疾病诊治中的价值.方法采用计算机辅助乳腺X线立体定位系统、弹射式自动活检枪和14-gauge的空芯针.结果对影像学诊断发现异常的71个病灶进行X线立体定位空芯针活检.对照手术或1年以上(13～45个月)的随访结果,该组的诊断特异性和敏感性分别为100％和92％.有73％的良性病灶经空芯针活检明确诊断后免除了手术活检.结论 X线立体定位空心针活检是用于乳腺X线发现的临床摸不到肿块的病灶的一种安全有效的微创活检方法,并使大量良性病变免除手术活检并节省了医疗开支.     

具有微灶钙化、临床未能触及肿块的乳腺癌的早期诊断

目的：探讨乳腺X线摄片显示微灶钙化但临床未触及肿块患者的早期诊断方法。方法：乳腺X线片内显示微灶钙化的57例，有35例进行了乳腺X线立体定位空心针活检，23例进行了乳腺X线立体定位手术活检。穿刺活检或手术切除标本经常规制片，光镜下对钙化灶进行定位，半定量及钙化灶形态的观察、分析。并进行组织学的诊断。结果：经乳腺X线立体定位空心针活检的35例中，24例镜下见钙化灶，诊断导管内癌8例，浸润性导管癌4例。经X线立体定位手术活检的23例中，20例见钙化灶，诊断导管内癌5例，浸润性导管癌3例，浸润性小叶癌1例。结论：通过病理科、外科、放射科医师的密切合作，应用乳腺X线立体定位空心针活检及手术活检方法，对临床未触及肿块，乳腺X线摄片显示微灶钙化的患者，可以早期发现乳腺癌，最终以提高乳腺癌患者的生存期。     

乳腺X线立体穿刺钢丝定位活检术的临床应用

目的:探讨乳腺X线立体穿刺钢丝定位活检术在不能触及乳腺病灶中的临床应用价值。方法:对58例钼靶X片上有可疑病灶而无临床体征的患者,通过X线立体定位穿刺,放入钢丝标记,指导外科切除活检,组织病理学检查明确诊断。结果:58例不能触及乳腺病灶一次定位切检成功,经病理检查证实恶性病变20例,良性病变38例。结论:乳腺X线立体穿刺钢丝定位活检术对不能触及乳腺病灶的定位定性诊断有重要价值,是诊断无体征早期乳腺癌的理想诊断技术。     

钼靶X线立体定位空芯针活检的临床应用

[目的]评价钼靶X线立体定位空芯针活检在乳腺病灶诊断中的应用价值。[方法]87例乳腺肿块的患者在X线立体定位下,利用空芯针活检术获取组织行病理学检查,随后全部患者行手术切除病理检查。[结果]87例患者空芯针活检病理诊断乳腺癌12例,导管上皮不典型增生19例,乳腺其他良性病变56例,灵敏度93.3％,特异度94．7％。[结论]X线立体定位引导空芯针活检术操作简单,并发症少,病理诊断准确性高。     

立体定位针吸活检与导丝导向切除活检对隐匿性乳腺病变诊断价值的比较

临床触诊阴性而乳腺摄片或者高频超声探头探测的微小病灶分别用钼靶X线或B超立体定位下穿刺活检病理检查，随后将头端带有倒勾的钢丝头端置于病灶中心，指导手术切除病理检查。结果示51例患者。穿刺活检检出23例恶性病变，良性病变28例；此28例良性肿瘤，其中4例在导丝导向活检中诊断恶性疾病，针吸活检乳腺癌的诊断符合率92．2％(47／51)，假阴性率7．8％(4／51)。初步研究结果提示，X线或B超下乳腺病灶穿刺活检及钢丝导向手术切除病灶活检均具有定位准确、创伤小，是诊治隐匿性乳腺疾病的可靠方法。但针吸活检有一定的漏诊率。     

立体定位针吸活检与导丝导向切除活检对隐匿性乳腺病变诊断价值的比较

临床触诊阴性而乳腺摄片或者高频超声探头探测的微小病灶分别用钼靶X线或B超立体定位下穿刺活检病理检查 ,随后将头端带有倒勾的钢丝头端置于病灶中心 ,指导手术切除病理检查。结果示 5 1例患者 ,穿刺活检检出 2 3例恶性病变 ,良性病变 2 8例 ;此 2 8例良性肿瘤 ,其中 4例在导丝导向活检中诊断恶性疾病 ,针吸活检乳腺癌的诊断符合率 92 2 % ( 4 7/ 5 1) ,假阴性率 7 8% ( 4 / 5 1)。初步研究结果提示 ,X线或B超下乳腺病灶穿刺活检及钢丝导向手术切除病灶活检均具有定位准确、创伤小 ,是诊治隐匿性乳腺疾病的可靠方法。但针吸活检有一定的漏诊率     

粗针穿刺与乳腺癌局部复发的关系

对于不可扪及的乳腺病变，影像学引导下乳腺活检技术正逐渐取代开放手术活检。随着X线立体定位和超声引导系统的发展，粗针穿刺活检已经成为乳腺病变的精确、快速、安全、有效的重要诊断方法之一，但粗针穿刺后也有可能引起癌细胞种植转移。现就有关文献作一综述。     

X线立体定位活检在触诊阴性的乳腺微小病灶中的应用

目的 探讨乳腺X线及立体定位活检在临床触诊阴性的乳腺内微小病灶的应用价值.方法 回顾性分析81例临床触诊阴性而乳腺摄片发现微小病变并进行立体定位穿刺活检患者的病例资料.结果 81例中乳腺良性病变58例(71.6%),恶性病变23例(28.4%).结论 临床触诊阴性的乳腺微小病变应积极活检,乳腺X线及立体定位活检术是提高早期乳腺癌检出率的有效方法并能指导治疗和选择最佳的手术方式.     

X线立体定位引导真空负压旋切活检在诊断0期乳腺癌的应用价值

目的探讨X线立体定位引导真空负压旋切活检技术在临床触诊和B超检查均为阴性乳腺微小病灶中诊断0期乳腺癌方面的价值。方法本院于2007年10月～2009年5月用数字化俯卧式穿刺活检定位系统引导真空负压旋切活检系统对113例B超检查为阴性临床不可触及的X线下可疑病灶(BIRADS评级为4级)进行微创切取活检。结果手术成功率100%。113例病例中共发现18例乳腺癌,其中乳腺导管内癌12例,导管内癌并微浸润(浸润突破基底膜小于2mm)4例,浸润性导管癌1例,浸润性小叶癌1例。乳腺癌术后病理分期0期12例,Ⅰ期6例。无严重出血等并发症。结论 X线立体定位引导真空负压旋切活检临床触诊和B超检查均为阴性的X线下乳腺微小病灶,对诊断0期乳腺癌有较高的价值。     

Microglandular Adenosis

Microglandular adenosis (MGA) of the breast is a very rare and benign proliferative lesion. Most patients complain of a palpable breast mass that may arouse a clinical suspicion of breast cancer. Histopathologically, it is hard to distinguish MGA from breast cancer because of the lack of a myoepithelial layer and infiltrative proliferation. Several studies have reported a strong relationship between MGA and carcinoma arising in MGA, so the mass should be excised completely in cases of MGA determined from a core needle biopsy rather than observation. A 72-years-old woman presented with a palpable breast mass. On physical examination, a mass was palpable in the right upper outer quadrant area and somewhat fixed to the surrounding tissues and pectoralis major muscle. We could not detect any mass or dense lesion on mammography because of a grade 4 dense breast. Ultrasonographic findings revealed a low echoic lesion with indistinct margins. The result of a core needle biopsy was MGA, which was confirmed by excision. We report one case of MGA, which was believed to breast cancer clinically.     

超声引导下经皮乳腺粗针活检术的临床应用

目的:探讨在超声引导下经皮粗针活检术(CNB)在乳腺占位性病变诊断中的临床应用。方法:用Bard 14G、16G切割针自动活检枪在超声引导下经皮穿刺16例患者的18个乳腺占位性病变,所取组织进行组织病理诊断,并与术后病理检查结果相比较。结果:18个乳腺占位性病变中,穿刺活检良性7例、恶性11例,病理诊断良性3例、恶性15例,假阴性4例,诊断准确率83.3%。超声引导下14G切割针取材成功率100%。所有病例穿刺活检后均无并发症发生。结论:超声引导下经皮粗针活检术操作简单,安全可靠,对乳腺占位性病变的诊断准确率高,并发症发生率低,是临床确定乳腺占位性病变性质的有效方法。     

Unsuccessful preoperative biopsies, fine needle aspiration cytology or core needle biopsy, lead to increased costs in the diagnostic workup in breast cancer

Correct preoperative diagnosis of a breast lesion is essential for optimal treatment planning. Our aim was to compare feasibility of fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) and core needle biopsy (CNB) in diagnosis of breast lesions. The special aim was to evaluate the extra costs and delay in surgical treatment due to unsuccessful preoperative biopsies. Diagnostic work-ups in 572 patients with 580 breast lesions were retrospectively evaluated. FNAC was the first biopsy method for 339 lesions, CNB for 241 lesions. The postoperative diagnosis was malignant for 503 lesions. The preoperative rate of definitely malignant diagnosis was 67% (194/289) for FNAC and 96% (206/214) for CNB (p < 0.0001), and 95% and 99%, respectively (p = 0.0173), when also suspicious findings were included. In patients with FNAC, an additional needle biopsy was performed for 93 and a surgical biopsy for 62 lesions. In the CNB group, a subsequent CNB was performed for 2 and a surgical biopsy for 33. The frequent need for additional biopsies raised the total expenses of FNAC over those of CNB. Multiple biopsies may also delay cancer surgery. It is therefore recommended to use CNB as the initial needle biopsy method.     

彩超引导下空芯针穿刺在乳腺肿块诊断中的意义

目的:评价彩超引导下空芯针穿刺活检（US-CNB）在乳腺肿块诊断中的临床意义。方法:回顾性分析宿州市立医院肿瘤外科2011年1月至2014年6月行空芯针穿刺活检病人120例,对空芯针穿刺活检和切除活检标本的病理组织学诊断进行比较和分析。结果:120例乳腺疾病病人经空芯针穿刺活检组织学诊断乳腺癌为90例,7例假阴性,假阴性率为5.8%。US-CNB 与切除活检的病理诊断符合率为94.2%,无显著性差异（P＞0.05）,空芯针穿刺结果与肿瘤性质、部位、患者年龄、钙化等因素,无显著性差异（P＞0.05）,与肿瘤大小有显著性差异（P＜0.05）。结论:彩超引导下空芯针穿刺活检是一种敏感性高、特异性强、安全性较高的乳腺病变诊断方法。     

Invasive Breast Carcinoma Arising in Microglandular Adenosis: Two Case Reports

Microglandular adenosis (MGA) is a rare benign disease that shows an infiltrative growth pattern of small glands, and it may progress to include atypia and carcinoma. Here we report two cases of breast carcinoma arising in MGA. Case 1 was a 44-year-old woman with a previous history of ductal carcinoma in situ in her right breast. During a follow-up, a 1.8 cm mass-like lesion was found in her left breast. An excisional biopsy suggested that the lesion was breast carcinoma. Case 2 was a 57-year-old woman with a 2.9 cm mass in her right breast. A core needle biopsy of the lesion suggested invasive carcinoma. Both patients underwent modified radical mastectomy with sentinel lymph node biopsy. Both tumors lacked a myoepithelial cell layer and stained positively for S-100, lysozyme, and α1-antitrypsin, which is typical of MGA. Both cases showed invasive carcinoma arising in MGA.     

Breast Metastasis from Rhabdomyosarcoma of the Anus in an Adolescent Female

Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) of the breast is rare and there is scant information about the clinical behavior and treatment strategies. We report an adolescent female patient with metastatic RMS of the breast from the anus. An 18-year-old female patient was referred to our clinic due to palpable mass in the left breast. At age seven, she was diagnosed with acute lymphoblastic leukemia and treated with chemoradiation therapy. After 10 years of complete remission state, she presented with anal mass which was diagnosed as RMS and she received chemoradiation therapy. After 1 year of complete remission state, she noticed a palpable mass in her left breast. The breast mass was diagnosed as metastatic RMS based on core needle biopsy specimen. The RMS in breast was excised for the decreasing tumor burden despite of another metastatic lesion. Although rarely reported, metastasis of RMS should be considered as a cause of breast mass. Tissue biopsy is recommended when clinically suspected lesion is detected.     

Nodular fasciitis of the breast

We report a case of nodular fasciitis of the breast, which is a rare histological type of breast tumor. A 41-year-old woman had noticed a mass in her right breast. The mass was elastic-hard, 15 mm x 15 mm in size, and located mainly in the upper outer quadrant of the right breast. Mammography demonstrated an oval dense mass with spiculation. Ultrasonography revealed a hypoechoic lesion, 8 mm x 10 mm in size. Fine needle aspiration cytology and core needle biopsy showed no evidence of malignancy. Excisional biopsy was performed. The tumor was characterized by a proliferation of fibroblastic cells. Histologically, the excised tumor was consistent with nodular fasciitis of the breast. Nodular fasciitis should be considered in the differential diagnosis of a mass suspicious for breast cancer.     

Impact of stereotactic large-core needle biopsy on diagnosis and surgical treatment of nonpalpable breast cancer.

INTRODUCTION: Stereotactic large-core needle biopsy is increasingly replacing needle-localized breast biopsy for the diagnosis of nonpalpable breast disease. In this prospective study, the impact of the introduction of this technique on diagnosis and surgical treatment of nonpalpable breast cancer was assessed in two hospitals in The Netherlands. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A total of 84 patients with nonpalpable breast cancer, diagnosed by means of stereotactic large-core needle biopsy (needle biopsy group) were compared with 80 patients diagnosed with nonpalpable breast cancer before the introduction of large-core needle biopsy. These patients were diagnosed by means of needle-localized open breast biopsy (control group). Clinical outcome measures evaluated included: duration of diagnostic and therapeutic intervals and number of surgical procedures required for complete surgical treatment. Subgroup analysis was performed for the category of microcalcifications without tissue distortion. RESULTS: For the needle biopsy group, the median interval between initial referral to the surgeon and the availability of histological diagnosis was 9 days and the interval between initial referral and complete surgical treatment was 31 days. These intervals were significantly longer for the control group (19 days and 44 days respectively); 75% of patients in the needle biopsy group were treated in a single step surgical procedure compared to 16% of the patients in the control group (67 vs 25% respectively for the subgroup). The mean number of surgical procedures required to complete surgical treatment was 1.31 for needle biopsy group vs 1.91 for the open biopsy group (1.46 vs 1.84 for the subgroup). CONCLUSION: Introduction of stereotactic large-core needle biopsy leads to a reduction of the time to diagnosis and the time to complete surgical treatment of nonpalpable breast cancer. It also reduces the number of surgical procedures required for complete surgical treatment of nonpalpable breast cancer. The benefits of large-core needle biopsy may also be anticipated for patients with microcalcifications without tissue distortion.