具有O／W／O型多重乳化体系之高效防晒品

近年来,由紫外线(UV)引起的肌肤伤害已逐渐被广泛认知,防晒产品的使用也因此逐渐增加.为了防御人体肌肤受到伤害,开发了一系列高效防护UVA/UVB的防晒产品,既便在高温高湿环境下使用,肤感依然良好.为达成对UVA/UVB的高效防护并兼具有舒适的肤感,有必要将作为紫外线吸收剂的无机颗粒均一分散在产品中.因此,开发出一个油包水包油(O/W/O)型多重乳化体系.在该体系内,疏水性无机微颗粒被分散于内层油相和外层油相中.涂抹于肌肤时,观察到微孔(未被无机颗粒覆盖的区域)于皮肤上的数量明显少于大多数使用W/O型乳化体系之防晒产品.这个O/W/O型多重乳化体系,不需在紫外线吸收剂中增加无机颗粒的含量,紫外线(UV)的防护效果就能增强;因此,能被用来制备兼具高效紫外线防护与良好肤感的防晒产品.描述的O/W/O型多重乳化体系,微孔少,可提供优越的UVA/UVB防护,防御人体肌肤受到伤害.     

基础化妆品用W/O/W型多重乳液制剂

日前,多重乳液在医药、制剂、食品、化妆品等各领域受到关注,乳化技术中乳液的稳定化技术也是世界上一项重要的研究课题。多重乳液分为两种,即内部有微小水滴的油滴分散于水中的 W/O/W 型,以及内部有微小油滴的水滴分散于油中的 O/W/O 型。     

化妆品油相组份之概念探讨

无论是设计O／W型，还是设计W／O型乳霜膏体基质的配方之前，确实油相组份是非常重要的。然而，长期以来在化妆品界，有关油相组成成份的概念，一致缺乏严谨的、准确的、完整的科学涵义，所以不仅造成了油相组成成份概念含糊混乱，而且束缚了了新的油相组成成份的不断开发和利用，形成了目前我国乳霜膏体化妆品的油相组成成份十分单调、贫乏的状态。     

化妆品中W／O型乳化体性能的研究

通过对所制备的W／O型乳化体系的外观、肤感以及耐寒、耐热稳定性的测试,系统地考察了影响W／O型乳化体性能的各个因素,并把优选的W／O型乳化体配方作为基质制成防晒霜。实验表明：在等量防晒剂下,W／O型防晒霜比O／W型防晒霜具有更加优良的防晒和防水防汗能力。     

W/O/W型多重乳状液的制备及应用概述

本文叙述了W/O/W型多重乳状液的结构类型、应用性能及制备方法。对影响W/O/W型多重乳状液生成率的各因素进行了详细讨论,并介绍了测定生成率的诸方法。提出了多重乳状液破裂的几条可能途径。     

石油醚W/O乳状液及其液膜稳定性

以破乳率为衡量标准,借助显微镜直接观察,探讨了乳状液含水量、表面活性剂用量、乳化时间、乳化强度等因素对石油醚W/O型乳状液体系稳定性的影响。在实验范围内,乳状液含水量的提高及表面活性剂用量的增加,有利于乳状液的稳定;存在较优的乳化时间20min和乳化强度4000rmin-1。选取脂肪烃、芳香烃、混合烃共6种不同油相制备乳状液,对比其稳定性的差异。此外,还初步考察了石油醚W/O/W液膜溶胀和泄漏问题,结果表明该乳状液膜泄漏率低于3.5%,表观溶胀率约为20%。     

P/O/LC/W多重乳状液的制备及性能研究（英文）

使用液晶乳化剂与传统油包水乳化剂通过两步法制备了一种多重乳状液，显微镜观察结果显示，油水界面存在层状液晶，即该多重乳为水包液晶包油包多元醇的结构（P/O/LC/W）。系统考察了液晶乳化剂种类以及乳化温度、均质速率对多重乳微观结构的影响。实验结果表明，当液晶乳化剂使用IST-LC001，制备工艺控制乳化温度60～75℃，油包醇乳液制备阶段均质速率7 000～8 400 r/min，水包液晶包油包醇乳液制备阶段均质速率4 400～6 000 r/min时，可以获得理想的多重乳。使用该多重乳分别包覆活性物质白藜芦醇与紫草素，实验结果显示，该乳液不仅可以解决难溶于水、油的功效成分在配方中的运用，有效包覆、缓释活性物质，还能够掩盖包裹成分的颜色、改善产品的肤感。乳液稳定性良好，在医药、食品、化妆品等领域都有广阔的应用价值。     

流变学性质在乳化工艺条件中的应用研究

研究了流变学性质在O/W型乳液化妆品生产工艺中的应用,通过测试不同乳化时间下乳液体系的宏观流变性质和微流变性质得到量产放大产品达到乳化终点所需的乳化时间。结果表明,随着乳化时间的增加,该O/W型乳液体系触变性和黏弹性逐渐减弱,弹性因子(EI)下降,宏观黏性因子(MVI)下降,固液平衡值(SLB)上升,体系的流动性逐渐增强;乳化时间大于10 min时,体系的流变性不再随乳化时间的增加而变化,证明体系此时已达到乳化终点。利用动态光散射理论得到的微流变性质与常规机械方法得到的宏观流变性质在乳化终点的判定上结论一致,此外微流变仪具有测试速度快、准确性高、样品量少、不破坏样品等优点,有望进一步扩大在O/W型乳液化妆品生产工艺中的应用。     

一种新型的油基钻井液——可逆乳化油基钻井液的研究

通过对乳化剂和钻井液配方的优选,研制了一套可逆乳化油基钻井液体系。并对该体系进行了抗温、抗盐、抗钻屑污染性能评价及可逆乳化性能评价。结果表明,该体系具有较好的抗温、抗盐、抗污染能力,能满足钻井工程性能;同时,在加入转相剂后,体系能顺利的由油包水(W/O)型的体系转相为水包油(O/W)型的体系,显示了较好的可逆乳化的性能。     

一种新型的油基钻井液——可逆乳化油基钻井液的研究

通过对乳化剂和钻井液配方的优选,研制了一套可逆乳化油基钻井液体系。并对该体系进行了抗温、抗盐、抗钻屑污染性能评价及可逆乳化性能评价。结果表明,该体系具有较好的抗温、抗盐、抗污染能力,能满足钻井工程性能;同时,在加入转相剂后,体系能顺利的由油包水(W/O)型的体系转相为水包油(O/W)型的体系,显示了较好的可逆乳化的性能。     

协同效应在WO型微乳液中的作用

本文通过拟三元相图、增溶、电导和表面张力测定等方法,研究了烷基羧酸盐(CnH_(2n+1)COONa)与十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)复配在正戊醇存在下对煤油—水体系W/O型微乳液形成的协同效应,发现在整个复配范围内同时出现协同效应和反协同效应。而且,发生协同效应的复配范围是在羧酸盐的高比例区,此时,体系的W/O型微乳区域面积扩大。     

Rheological characterization of ferrous sulfate-containing water-in-oil-in-water (W1/O/W2) double emulsions

With use of response surface methodology (RSM), the W₁/O/W₂ emulsions containing ferrous sulfate as the inner phase were optimized in terms of stability (ES) and apparent viscosity (μ _app ). Curvature display of the responses around their optimal settings was appropriately described using the quadratic polynomial regression model. The non-Newtonian behavior of the test W₁/O/W₂ emulsions was characterized using the power-law model and change from non-Newtonian to Newtonian (n?1) was seen in the case of W₁/O:W₂ ratio equal 20: 80 when the level of Tween-80 was 1 v%. Results of the size distribution pattern showed 60% of the particles were less than 5 μm. Rheological properties of the test W₁/O/W₂ emulsions as the viscoelastic liquids were analyzed and the results of oscillatory experiments considering shear stress and frequency dependency of G′ and G″ moduli were discussed in terms of the internal microstructure of the emulsions.     

搅拌槽中W/O和(W/O)/W体系分散性质的研究

本文除传统的界面张力影响之外,经分析分别引入界面粘度和分散相粘度的影响,推导建立了预测内相分散水滴和乳状液分散液滴体积表面积平均直径的数学模型.建立的两个模型和实验数据吻合良好.     

W/O/W乳液的渗透溶胀

<正>W/O/W或/O/W/O多重乳状液是一种复分散体系.早在1925年它就被人们所发现.直到最近,由上人们发现它可广泛用于液膜分离技术、固定化酶、体内解毒以及控制释放等领域,因而对多重乳状液的研究工作越来越受到重视.对于乳液溶胀,至今尚未有过系统的研究报道.根据分析及实验结果,溶胀是由渗透与夹带两个因素引起的.本文建立了W/O/W乳液的渗透溶胀模型,并通过实验研究了影响溶胀的因素.     

Preparation of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV) particles in O/W emulsion

In the present paper, we investigate the preparation of polymeric particles based on the biodegradable polyester poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV). A new technique for PHBV particle preparation has been developed. This method utilizes the thermoreversible gelation of PHBV in toluene. Particles have been obtained by the secondary dispersion technique in a three-step procedure: (a) preparation of PHBV solution in toluene; (b) preparation of O/W emulsion by ultrasound followed by the gel formation in toluene/PHBV droplets; and (c) toluene extraction. In the present study we investigated the influence of the stabilizer type and its concentration in the aqueous phase, ultrasound power, and PHBV concentration in toluene on the size and stability of the formed droplets as well as the final PHBV particles. It has been found that PEO/PS block copolymers are the best stabilizers for the present system as compared to conventional tensides such as SDS or CTAB. It has been found that PEO/PS block copolymers allow obtaining PHBV particles with a regular shape and controlled dimensions after toluene extraction. The minimal size of the PHBV particles obtained by this technique was ca. 100 nm. The obtained particles exhibit a relatively broad particle size distribution and the particle shape is strongly affected by the block copolymer composition, ultrasound power and the way of toluene extraction.     

Preparation and characterization of SLNs (W/O/W type) contained lipoic acid PEG ester by variation lipid

This study describes a nanoparticle preparation method using SLNs (solid lipid nanoparticles: W/O/W type). Classical methods have high encapsulation efficiency for hydrophobic drugs but have low encapsulation efficiency (2–3%) for hydrophilic drugs. The preparation of SLNs that has a far higher skin penetration effect compared with general liposomes is proposed in this study. An additional aim is to also maximally increase encapsulation efficiency of hydrophilic drugs. The SLNs preparation method described here used coconut oil, jojoba oil and macadamia oil that are resistant to degradation by microorganisms and are usable emulsifiers due to their physical properties imparted by their fatty acid composition. The results indicate that SLNs containing coconut oil had the highest encapsulation efficiency and also the smallest average particle size (270 nm). The largest particle size was produced by macadamia oil and 1% Tween 60. The fastest release of contents resulted from SLNs made of coconut oil and 2% Tween 60, while the slowest release was from SLNs made of macadamia oil and 2% Tween 20.     

New Antiferroelectric Solid Solution of Pb(Mg1/2W1/2)O3–Pb(Zn1/2W1/2)O3 as Dielectric Ceramics

A new solid solution of (1?x)Pb(Mg_1/2W_1/2)O₃–xPb(Zn_1/2W_1/2)O₃ has been prepared in the form of ceramics by solid‐state reaction with composition x up to 30%. It is found that with the substitution of Zn²⁺ for Mg²⁺ on the B site of the of complex perovskite structure the antiferroelectric (AFE) Curie temperature T_C of PMW increases from 40°C (x = 0) to 67°C (x = 30%), indicating an enhancement of antiferroelectric order, whereas, at the same time, the phase transition becomes more diffuse due to a higher degree of chemical inhomogeneity. X‐ray diffraction analysis indicates that the crystal structure adopts an orthorhombic space group (Pmcn) with a decrease in lattice parameter a, but an increase in b and c as the Zn²⁺ concentration increases. The low dielectric constant (~ 10²), low dielectric loss (tanδ ≈ 10^?3), linear‐field‐induced polarization, and significantly high breakdown field (~ 125 kV/cm) at room temperature make this family of dielectric materials a promising candidate for ceramic insulators.     

Study of Phenol Removal from Aqueous Solutions by a Double Emulsion (W/O/W) System Stabilized with Polymer

Polybutadiene rubber was used for stabilization of the emulsion for removal of phenol from aqueous solution via emulsion liquid membrane technique. The results showed that the addition of the polymer increased the stability of the emulsion, considerably. The effect of various parameters such as polymer concentration, temperature, mixing intensity, internal phase concentration, phases ratio, and pH of feed phase was studied. It was found that by increasing the volume ratio of emulsion to feed, internal phase concentration, and decreasing pH, the extraction efficiency was increased. Under optimum conditions, an extraction efficiency of 92% was obtained within only 35 minutes.     

白油W/O/W型多重乳状液的稳定性研究

以多重乳状液相对体积为衡量标准,用显微镜直接观察,探讨了乳化剂的HLB值、质量分数、亲油亲水乳化剂体积比及油水的相比等对白油W/O/W型多重乳状液体系稳定性的影响。结果表明单一乳化剂体系中适宜的制备条件:乳液中乳化剂质量分数为12.2%,V(Span80)/V(Tween80)=7.5;适合多重乳液稳定的油水相比为:第一相体积比为2.5,第二相体积比为0.2。复合乳化剂体系中适宜的制备条件:第一相乳化剂的HLB值为6.5,V(复合乳化剂)/V(Tween80)=27.5,乳液中乳化剂质量分数为9.5%。