流变调节剂对W/O型乳液稳定性和流变性的影响

采用均质乳化法制备了W/O型乳液,研究了高分子水溶性聚合物（黄原胶、透明质酸钠）和油相增稠剂（山嵛酸甘油酯、二甲基二硬脂基铵锂蒙脱石）对W/O型乳液稳定性和流变性的影响。实验结果表明,添加黄原胶后,W/O型乳液在不同稳定性测试条件下的稳定性均下降;添加透明质酸钠后,乳液的常温储存稳定性下降,但一定程度上提升了乳液的高温储存稳定性;山嵛酸甘油酯加入W/O型乳液体系后,常温和高温储存的稳定性均增加;二甲基二硬脂基铵锂蒙脱石添加后,乳液在不同条件下稳定性均增强。高分子水溶性聚合物加入后,内水相黏度上升,但W/O型乳液的表观黏度显著降低且线性黏弹区范围缩小,这可能是由于内水相黏度升高阻碍乳化剂分子在油/水界面的吸附;油相增稠剂的添加均增加了W/O型乳液的表观黏度和线性黏弹区范围,这可能和乳化粒子粒径降低和油/水界面能的变化有关。此外,流变调节剂加入后,乳液的滞后环面积均有不同程度的降低。     

有机概念图在日用化学工业中的应用 第三讲 乳液的制备

乳液是油和水两种互不相溶的物质在乳化剂(以下简称SAA)存在下乳化了的溶液。乳化是一种液体分散在另一种液体中的过程。乳化广泛应用于各个行业。根据SAA的性质和数量可以将油和水乳化成油包水型(LZ简称B型,即W/O 型)和水包油型(以下下简称A型,即O/W型)的乳液,而这些乳液在条件变化时会发生转向(W/O、O/W),因此,在各种条件下长期保持乳液的稳定是不     

含离子液体的复配表面活性剂微乳液的电导性质

研究了CTAB和TritionX-100复配表面活性剂在氯仿作为溶剂时,增溶离子液体bmimBF(IL)时所形成非水微乳液的电导性质,并且与含水体系的微乳液作了比较,发现两者存在较大的差别.在非水微乳液中,随着离子液体质量分数的增加,体系经历了IL/O型微乳液、双连续相、O/IL微乳液三种状态,并且采用循环伏安法对此结论进行了验证.两种表面活性剂复配后,在IL/O型微乳液阶段电导率随着CTAB的摩尔分数(α)增大而增大,在双连续相和O/IL微乳液阶段,体系的电导率随着α增大而减小.在含水微乳液中,只出现O/W型微乳液,而且随着增溶水质量分数的增加电导率下降.增溶水量一定的情况下,电导率随着α值增大而增大.     

基础化妆品用W/O/W型多重乳液制剂

日前,多重乳液在医药、制剂、食品、化妆品等各领域受到关注,乳化技术中乳液的稳定化技术也是世界上一项重要的研究课题。多重乳液分为两种,即内部有微小水滴的油滴分散于水中的 W/O/W 型,以及内部有微小油滴的水滴分散于油中的 O/W/O 型。     

稠油乳化黏度测量曲线与乳液特性的关系

稠油化学驱过程中降黏剂浓度对稠油乳化影响明显,通过测量不同浓度降黏剂的稠油乳状液黏度-时间曲线,以黏度、降黏率为指标分析了黏度曲线与乳液特性的关系。结果表明,当降黏剂的浓度远大于临界乳化浓度时,形成稳定O/W乳状液,黏度低、降黏率大于95%。当降黏剂的浓度大于临界乳化浓度时,形成O/W乳状液,而后随着表面活性剂向油相的迁移,油滴聚并、分层。当降黏剂的浓度与临界乳化浓度相当时,乳状液油O/W转化为W/O,黏度大幅度提高。当降黏剂的浓度小于临界乳化浓度时,只能形成W/O乳状液。     

新的微乳液体系的状态方程

基于液滴变形模型,结合改进的Carnahan-Starling方程和适用于描述液滴吸引作用的Hamaker方程建立了一个微乳液体系的状态方程.运用所建立的状态方程研究了不带电微乳液体系的相平衡性质,并计算了十二烷基五氧乙烯醚-正癸烷-水体系O/W型微乳液渗透压以及二(2-乙基己基)磺酸基琥珀酸钠-正辛烷-水和二(2-乙基己基)磺酸基琥珀酸钠-正癸烷-水体系W/O型微乳液的液液相平衡,结果令人满意.     

化妆品油包水型(W/O)与水包油型(O/W)乳化体防腐功效的研究

微生物挑战性试验是目前评价防腐功效的最为广泛和经典的检测方法。我们利用此方法对化妆品油包水型(W/O)和水包油型(O/W)乳化体的防腐功效进行了研究,为化妆品乳化体的防腐体系的构建提供了一些参考。     

微乳液在化妆品中的应用

微乳液自60年前被发现以来,由于其良好的外观、热力学稳定性、高溶解能力和易于制备等优点,它正被广泛应用于包括化妆品在内的多个领域。此外,微乳液可以增强其负载物质的皮肤渗透性。微乳液可分为3种类型:O/W型,双连续型和W/O型。当体系中油、水和两亲物质的比例适当时,即可自发形成微乳液。这些适当的比率可以在相图的微乳液区域中找到。在局部应用中,微乳液的功效与微乳液类型密切相关。微乳液的表征通常需要结合几种实验技术获得的数据来完成。为了提高产品的功效和稳定性,许多化妆品以微乳液的形式存在,其中包括皮肤护理、秀发护理和个人护理等。并且,为了提高产品功效和降低毒性而开发了一些新材料。应用于化妆品微乳液配方中。本文主要介绍了微乳液的一些基础知识及其在化妆品配方中的新应用。     

O/W型微乳法制备纳米植物甾醇

采用正交实验设计,以 HLB 法制备了 O/ W 型植物甾醇微乳液,并对最优工艺制备的微乳液进行了稳定性评价。结果表明,植物甾醇：三聚甘油单硬脂酸酯(HLB 9)：蔗糖脂肪酸酯(HLB 11)为5∶7.5∶12时,在80℃水浴中乳化,高速剪切20 min 得到的植物甾醇微乳液具有较好的稳定性。     

以Span80和Tween60为混合表面活性剂的微乳液的研究

本文研究了以Span80和Tween60为混合表面活性剂的微乳液的形成。用电导率测定方法 ,分析了多种因素对W /O(油包水 )型微乳液最大增溶水量的影响 ,探明了微乳液形成的较适宜条件。进一步通过DLS测试 ,分析了W /O型微乳液的“水池”直径与增溶水量的关系。     

生物质热解油/柴油乳化效果评价方法及影响因素

采用微观和宏观分析相结合的方法,评价稻壳热解油和柴油乳化效果,宏观上以热解油乳化比例为评价依据,微观上以乳化液中热解油液滴的平均粒径和数密度为评价依据,重点研究了乳化剂种类、亲水亲油平衡指数（hydrophilic-lipophilic balance,HLB）、乳化液静置时间、乳化温度、热解油质量分数、乳化剂用量等因素对热解油和柴油乳化效果的影响。研究结果表明：微观和宏观分析法对乳化效果变化规律的评价结果基本一致,评价方法具有较高的准确性。与司班80-吐温80复配乳化剂相比,Atlox 4194-DP 2206复配乳化剂对热解油和柴油混合液的乳化效果更好,且乳化剂的最佳HLB值为4.82。热解油液滴平均粒径和液滴数密度在静置第1天内变化较为明显,在静置时间超过3天后基本保持不变。静置时间超过1天后,乳化温度对乳化液的稳定性和乳化效果没有影响。随热解油质量分数或乳化剂用量的增加,热解油乳化效果先增加后降低,热解油的质量分数范围应在10%~20%间,且质量分数为10%时,热解油乳化效果最好,热解油乳化比例可保持在90%以上;乳化剂与热解油比例的范围应在0.25~0.5,且比例为0.5左右时,乳化效果最佳,热解油乳化比例可稳定在85%以上。     

Electrorheological fluids of particle/emulsion complexes and their properties

Three kinds of emulsifying agents have been used as emulsion droplets to prepare particle/emulsion complex electrorheological fluids (ERFs) to explore the effects of emulsifying agents on rheological properties. The rheological properties and microstructure of such ERFs have been examined, and a model of the complex chain for particle/emulsion complex ERFs has been given. Using emulsifying agents is an efficient way of improving the electrorheological effects in dry‐based ERFs. There are three methods for emulsifying agents in ERFs: coating on the particle surface, dissolving in the continuous phase, and distributing in the continuous phase as droplets. This is determined by the interactions between the particles, emulsifying agents, and oil. For higher polarity emulsifying agents, the complex particles aggregate to form a bulk and cannot disperse in oil. For moderate ones, the complex particles disperse in oil and form complex chains or columns; the neighboring complex chain forms a network structure because of the rotation of the complex particles and displays a stronger electrorheological effect. With a lower polarity emulsifying agent dissolved in silicone oil, ERFs show lower electrorheological properties because of the decreasing mismatch of conductivity between the particles and continuous phase. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 101: 638–642, 2006     

乳化蜡的研究开发现状

石蜡乳化得到的蜡乳液(又称乳化蜡)用途十分广泛.介绍了乳化蜡在国内外的研究以及发展状况,并陈述了目前各行各业根据乳化蜡的优点对其进行的广泛应用情况.综述了制备乳化蜡过程中对乳化蜡性质产生影响的因素—乳化剂的选择、乳化温度、乳化时间、乳化水、搅拌方式和搅拌速率及稳定剂对其性质的影响情况,并通过特种蜡和石蜡的性质比较,对特...     

A Tea Saponin-Carbohydrate-Protein Complex Could Be One Key Emulsifiable Compound in the Emulsion Formed during Aqueous Extraction of Camellia Oil

The oil/water (O/W) emulsions are spontaneously formed during the process of aqueous extraction of camellia oil which indicates that there are natural emulsifiers with excellent emulsifying capacity exist in Camellia oleifera Abel. seeds. To explore the formation mechanism of these emulsions, a strongly emulsifiable component, a tea saponin-carbohydrate-protein complex (TCPC), is separated and purified by means of chromatography. Its physicochemical properties are characterized by the fourier transform infrared, thermogravimetric analysis, and scanning electron microscopy. The emulsifying properties of O/W emulsions prepared with TCPC (pH 7.0) are investigated systematically. The results show that the emulsions are remarkably stable over a wide range of pH values (5–11), ionic strength (0–200 mm NaCl), thermal treatment (60–90 °C; 30 min), and even after 14 days storage at room temperature (10–25 °C). Moreover, the rheological properties reveal that all determined emulsions show typical pseudoplastic fluid characteristics and shear-thinning flow behavior. However, the emulsions are unstable during freeze-thaw cycle. These results imply that TCPC may be one key emulsifiable compound during aqueous extraction of camellia oil. Practical Applications: Aqueous extraction is a promising technique for edible oil extraction from Camellia oleifera Abel. seeds because of its nutrition, safety and economy. However, the oil/water emulsions formed during the process of aqueous extraction of camellia oil, which makes oil hard to be separated. TCPC with excellent emulsifying activity and emulsion stability was separated and characterized, which could be regarded as a potential target to obtain free oil by frozen/thawed method. Thus, it could be contributing to the industrial application of aqueous extraction of camellia oil.     

有机硅改性VAc/BA/AA共聚乳液胶粘剂的研究

介绍了有机硅改性 VAc/BA/AA共聚乳液胶粘剂的合成工艺 ,讨论了预乳化工艺、乳化剂体系、PVC及改性共聚单体对粘接强度、耐水性等乳液性能的影响 ;结果表明 ,通过采用预乳化工艺、适宜的乳化剂体系和 PVA,引入有机硅、BA、AA等单体对 PVAc乳液进行共聚改性 ,可以合成综合性能优异的乳液胶粘剂     

Soy Protein–Gum Karaya Conjugate: Emulsifying Activity and Rheological Behavior in Aqueous System and Oil in Water Emulsion

The main objective of this study is to investigate the effects of mixing and conjugation of soy protein isolate (SPI) with gum karaya on the characteristics of the hybrid polymer (protein–gum) in both aqueous systems and oil‐in‐water (O/W) emulsions. It was hypothesized that the covalent linkage of gum karaya with SPI would improve the emulsifying activity and rheological properties of both polymers. Conjugation occurred under controlled conditions (i.e., 60 °C and 75 % relative humidity, 3 days). The conjugated hybrid polymer produced smaller droplet with better uniformity, higher viscosity and stronger emulsifying activity than native gum karaya, suggesting the conjugated polymer provided a bulkier secondary layer with more efficient coverage around oil droplets, thereby inducing stronger resistance against droplet aggregation and flocculation. Emulsions containing the native gum karaya produced the largest droplet size among all prepared emulsions (D_3,2 = 8.6 μm; D_4,3 = 22.4 μm); while the emulsion containing protein–gum conjugate (1:1 g/g) had the smallest droplet size (D_3,2 = 0.2 μm; D_4,3 = 0.7 μm) with lower polydispersity. The protein–gum conjugate (1:1 g/g) also showed the highest elastic and viscous modulus, the lowest polydispersity (span) and the highest emulsifying activity among all native, mixed and conjugated polymers. Therefore, the percentage of gum karaya used for production of O/W emulsion can be decreased by partially replacing it with the conjugated gum.     

An experimental study of stability of oil–water emulsion

There has been much interest in alternative fuels made from coal which is much more abundant than oil. The coal–oil–water slurry is a new type of oil-based synfuel composed of finely pulverized coal, oil and water. It has lower viscosity, lower ignition point and higher heating value than coal–water slurry. The preparation of stable water-in-oil (W/O) emulsion is critical for the success of production of stable coal–oil–water slurry. The present study was undertaken to experimentally investigate the effects of different process variables on emulsion stability. The emulsion was prepared using 100 ml colloid mill with sorbitan monooleate (SM) as emulsifier. The variables studied include emulsifier dosage, ratio of oil to water, stirring intensity, emulsifying temperature and mixing time. The results showed that the optimum process conditions are: emulsifier dosage, 0.5%; oil to water ratio, 1:1; stirring intensity, 2500 rpm; and mixing temperature, 30 °C.     

固体切片石蜡乳液制备新工艺

以固体切片石蜡为原料,采用种子乳液聚合法,利用HLB值理论,以复配型乳化剂制得O/D型加水转化为O/W型石蜡乳液,可降低固体石蜡用量,增加乳化水用量,减少生产成本。考察了乳化剂用量、乳化时间、乳化温度以及搅拌速度等因素对石蜡乳液稳定性和分散性的影响。正交实验结果表明:在乳化剂用量为乳液总量的8.6%,乳化时间90 min,乳化温度控制在80±5℃,搅拌速度1500 r/min的反应条件下,可制备出稳定的固体切片石蜡乳液。     

超高黏度硅油乳液的研制及其在香波中的应用

硅油在香波中的使用效果已得到广泛的认可，但硅油的疏水性，增加了分散的难度，以OB－2（烷基二甲基氧化胺）为分散剂，采用常温乳化，制备了超高黏度硅油乳剂，研究了混合乳化剂的选择、用量和分散的用量等对产品性能的影响。得出较佳的工艺条件：混合乳剂量4．5％（w/%),m（分散剂）:m（硅油）＝0．4：1。并将研制的乳液应用在香波中，取得了良好的效果。     

阳离子乳液纸张增干强剂的研究应用

在K2S2O8引发下，通过乳液共聚反应制得一种造纸用增干强剂。确定了乳化剂的种类和用量。讨论了引发剂用量、原料配比、反应温度及时间等对产物性能的影响。确定了最佳工艺条件和用量，结果证明该阳离子乳液具有显著的增干强作用。