外照射慢性放射病与慢性再生障碍性贫血

作者就慢性放射病（以下简称慢放）与慢性再生障碍性贫血（以下简称慢性再障）的关系、剂量阈值及诊断依据等有关问题谈一点粗浅认识。一、慢放与慢性再障再障系多种因素引起的造血障碍,导致骨髓总容量减少,代以脂肪髓、造血衰竭、以全血细胞减少为主要表现的一组综合征...     

两例外照射慢性放射病继发缺铁性贫血

两例外照射慢性放射病继发缺铁性贫血杨秀梅姜恩海陈子齐王晓琳本文作者主要结合已确诊的两例慢性放射病继发缺铁性贫血的诊断进行讨论。１临床病例例１，女，４９岁，放射科主管技师，放射工龄２６年。因头昏、乏力、睡眠障碍、白细胞减少２０年，于１９９１年６月２５日...     

外照射慢性放射病诊断依据

本文总结42例外照射慢性放射病, 在分析病例的基础上, 对外照射慢性放射病的诊断依据进行了讨沦。临床症状以无力型神经衰弱综合征为主.客观检查显示以造血系统损伤为主，外周血白细胞数减少可有血红蛋白和/或血小板减少及骨髓相应的改变，并伴有机休多系统功能改变为特征的全身性疾病，本文对其临床症状、生育异常、脏器功能检查、淋巴细胞染色体畸变，淋巴细胞微核、血液系统等改变结合受照剂量对诊断的意义作了简要讨论。     

亚急性放射损伤的细胞遗传学特点

文报道了3例受源强320GBq的¹³⁷Cs连续照射达120～180天。临床诊断为亚急性重度 放射病。根据照后一年多系统观察外周血淋巴细胞染色体畸变发现3例患者的畸变细胞率均在30～40%,明显增高,证实她们曾受到大剂量的照射。进一分析各种类型畸变, 非稳定性畸变(Cu)和稳定性畸变(Cs)均占一定比例,表明连续照射所致亚急放射损伤者,他们既有近期受照所诱发的Cu畸变; 向时又有早期受照残存的Cs畸变, 因此对亚急性放射病患者的畸变观察,除采甩常规分析Cu畸变的方法外,应同时采用核分析方法,观察Cs畸变,这是亚急性放射损伤者细胞遗传学反应的特点。     

一例中度急性放射病伴局部严重放射损伤病人的护理

一例中度急性放射病伴局部严重放射损伤病人的护理王维平程京凤臧淑伟薛凤珠刘凤莲宁雅君张石作者单位：１０００３９北京北太平路医院洁净病区骨髓型急性放射病（ＡＲＳ）是由辐射引起的以骨髓造血功能障碍为主的全身性疾病。感染出血是ＡＲＳ的主要并发症和致死原因，临...     

锐意进取 科技创新——解放军第三0七医院全军放射病救治研究所暨血液内科建设侧记

解放军第三0七医院全军放射病救治研究所是国内急性放射病救治的重要单位,参与救治了绝大多数国内辐射事故的急性放射病患者,在造血干细胞移植、急性放射病综合救治、放射病诊断等方面均处于国内领先和国际先进水平,是国家核辐射损伤应急救援中心第三临床部重要组成部分;血液内科是能同时开展血液病多种手段诊断（细胞、免疫、分子生物和细胞遗传学等）和多层次系统特色治疗（化学治疗、造血干细胞移植、细胞／免疫治疗）的优势学科,对血液病尤其是白血病、再生障碍性贫血、骨髓增生异常综合征等疾病的诊断、治疗和造血干细胞移植均有深入研究。     

小儿医源性急性骨髓放射病的临床特点

我们在开展小儿骨髓移植、胎肝移植的予处理时使用了致死量~(60)Coγ线照射。本文就照射后放射病的临床特点,血液、骨髓、肝肾功能及免疫功能进行分析,以便了解小儿急性放射病的特点。 一、病人及照射情况 本组4例中男3例、女1例,年龄2 2/12～6岁,病例1～3诊断为重症β地中海贫血,病例4为慢性粒细胞型白     

细胞遗传学指标在慢性放射损伤诊断中的意义

用染色体畸变估算全身一次比较均匀的Ｘ、γ射线和中子的过量照射时的生物剂量比较准确 ,对不均匀和局部照射可给出相当于均匀照射的等效剂量当量。淋巴细胞微核也已被用作估算受照射剂量的指标 ,并取得了较为满意的结果。但在慢性放射损伤时 ,染色体畸变和微核的变化特点及其在慢性放射病诊断中的作用 ,是值得探讨和深入研究的问题。在《外照射慢性放射病诊断标准及处理原则》(ＧＢ82 81 87) [1] 中将“外周血淋巴细胞染色体畸变率显著增加和 /或外周血淋巴细胞微核率显著增加” ,作为慢性放射病诊断的参考指标。到目前为止 ,还不能用染色…     

血液病腰椎骨髓的MRI鉴别诊断价值（附94例分析）

目的探讨血液和造血系统疾病的MRI鉴别诊断价值。方法选择经骨髓穿刺或活检证实的血液和造血系统疾病94例行MRI检查。全部病例均行腰骶椎矢状面T1WI和T2WI扫描。观察腰椎骨髓的MRI信号及形态改变,同时测量其T1值。结果38例急性白血病和8例地中海贫血T1WI均表现为均匀低信号,T2WI均匀等信号;平均T1值均延长,分别为（972.5±36.5）ms和(879.6±98.56)ms,两者间差异无显著性意义（q=1.52,P>0.05）。16例再生障碍性贫血T1WI4例呈均匀高信号,12例呈不均匀的高信号,T2WI14例呈等信号,平均T1值缩短,为（279.42±54.19）ms;3例急性造血功能停滞T1WI、T2WI均为等信号,平均T1值变化不明显,为（418.65±32.49）ms,两者平均T1值差异具有显著性意义（q=6.67,P<0.01）。20例多发性骨髓瘤15例有椎体骨质破坏及变形,呈多发斑片状病灶,T1WI呈不均匀低信号,T2WI呈不均匀高信号;3例骨髓异常增生综合征T1WI呈等或不均匀低信号,T2WI呈等信号;6例骨髓纤维化在T1WI和T2WI均表现为均匀低信号。结论（1）观察MRI信号改变可对急性白血病与再生障碍性贫血、多发性骨髓瘤、骨髓纤维化进行鉴别;（2）MRI比较容易区别临床难以鉴别诊断的再生障碍性贫血和急性造血功能停滞;（3）部分血液造血系统疾病的MRI鉴别诊断还需结合临床资料进行综合分析。     

忻州60Co源放射事故主要8例受照者临床报告

目的通过对诊断不明病人“芳”的诊断和治疗,探索在放射源不明情况下,如何进行放射病的诊断;探索采用简易隔离和ＧＭ－ＣＳＦ治疗效果;同时回顾性介绍同组其他病人发病经过。方法通过详细询问病史,排除传染病和中毒,在高度怀疑放射病时,经对外周血淋巴细胞染色体畸变分析,确诊急性放射病;复习文献,提出放射源不明、放射病诊断线索。结果经作淋巴细胞染色体畸变分析,估算受照剂量为２．３０（２．０７～２．５０）Ｇｙ,确诊为骨髓型急性（中度）放射病,同时推断家中死亡３例也为放射病。结论如遇到难以解析的皮肤烧伤病变（红斑,水疱）,排除热或化学烧伤后,应考虑放射烧伤,对有恶心,呕吐,脱发,口腔溃疡,外周血细胞减少者,更支持诊断;如家中成员中相继发生上述同类症状者更应高度怀疑,并作相关检查确诊;简易隔离可为一般医院所采用;细胞因子可促进造血功能恢复,缩短病程     

Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) - validation of a Swedish version

The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) is a self-administered instrument measuring outcome after knee injury at impairment, disability, and handicap level in five subscales. Reliability, validity, and responsiveness of a Swedish version was assessed in 142 patients who underwent arthroscopy because of injury to the menisci, anterior cruciate ligament, or cartilage of the knee. The clinimetric properties were found to be good and comparable to the American version of the KOOS. Comparison to the Short Form-36 and the Lysholm knee scoring scale revealed expected correlations and construct validity. Item by item, symptoms and functional limitations were compared between diagnostic groups. High responsiveness was found three months after arthroscopic partial meniscectomy for all subscales but Activities of Daily Living.     

Endovascular management of carotid-cavernous fistulas

Objective To investigate endovascular treatment of traumatic direct carotid-cavernous fistulas （CCF） and their complications such as pseudoaneurysms. Methods： Over a five-year period, 22 patients with traumatic direct CCFs were treated endovascularly in our institution. Thirteen patients were treated once with the result of CCF occluded, 8 twice and 1 three times. Treatment modalities included balloon occlusion of the CCF, sacrifice of the ipsilateral internal carotid artery with detachable balloon, coll embolization of the cavernous sinus and secondary pseudoaneurysms, and covered-stem management of the pseudoaneurysms. Results All the direct CCFs were successfully managed endovascularly. Four patients developed a pseudoaneurysm after the occlusion of the CCF with an incidence of pseudoaneurysm formation of 18.2% （4/22）. A total number of 8 patients experienced permanent occlusion of the ICA with a rate of ICA occlusion reaching 36.4% （8/22）. Followed up through telephone consultation from 6 months to 5 years, all did well with no recurrence of CCF symptoms and signs. Conclusion Traumatic direct CCFs can be successfully managed with endovascular means. The pseudoaneurysms secondary to the occlusion of the CCFs can be occluded with stent-assisted coiling and implantation of covered stents.     

The acutely limping child

Acute limping may be the result of multiple pathologies in children. The differential diagnosis varies based on the age of the child. Irrespective of age, the initial imaging work-up includes AP and frog leg radiographs of the pelvis and ultrasound; MRI may sometimes be helpful. In children less than 3 years, infections and trauma are most frequent. MRI is the imaging modality of choice when osteomyelitis is clinically suspected. Between the ages of 3 and 10 years, transient synovitis of the hip and Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease are main considerations but infection, inflammation and focal bony lesions are also considered. In children over 10 years, slipped capital femoral epiphysis also is considered.     

The role of interventional radiology in trauma

Introduction Interventional Radiology has evolved into a specialty having enormous input into the care of the traumatized patient.In all hospitals,regardless of size,the Interventional Radiologist must consider their relationships with the trauma service in order to     

人体中的镭-226、镭-228、钋-210、铅-210

本文报道了广东阳江高本底地区6名、对照地区8名人尸体的骨²²⁶Ra、²²⁶Ra的浓度以及部分居民内脏器官中。²¹⁰Po、²¹⁰Pb的浓度。结果轰明阳江高本底地区和对照地区居民骨镭-226、镭-228的浓度分别为29.9pCi/kg, 26.9pCi/kgl 8.7pCi/kg, 8.2pCi/kg.由此估算出阳江高本底地区屠民骨中²²⁶Ra、²²⁸Ra的负薄璧及对骨衬、骨髓所产生的剂量当量分别为对照地区民民的3.4倍, 3.3倍。两地区居民内脏器官中^{210Po、210Pb的测定分析铡数较少但仍看出, 高本底地区均明显高于对照地区.}     

Do Balance Board Training Programs Reduce the Risk of Ankle Sprains in Athletes?

Introduction Ankle sprains are the most common musculo-skeletal injury that occurs in athletes,particularly in sports that require jumping and landing on one foot such as soccer,and basketball(1-4).These injuries often result in significant time loss from participation,long-term disability,and have a major impact on health care costs and resources(5-8).