微量钪对Al-3%Cu合金组织与性能的影响

采用硬度、拉伸性能测试、金相组织观察、扫描电镜与能谱分析以及X-射线衍射等方法，研究了微量稀土元素Sc对Al-3％Cu合金组织与性能的影响。结果表明，稀土元素Sc能够强烈地细化Al-Cu合金的晶粒，改善枝晶网胞。微量Sc元素添加到Al-3％Cu合金中，合金的抗拉强度σb和屈服强度σ0．2均有所提高(△σ约为30MPa)，对合金的伸长率几乎没有影响；微量Sc元素添加到Al-3％Cu合金中，除部分固溶于Al基体中外，大部分与Al形成对合金起强化作用的Al3Sc共格相，对合金起强化作用，没有发现其他相，包括W(AlCuSc)相生成。     

微量Sc元素对Al-Cu合金组织与性能的影响

采用拉伸力学性能测试、扫描电镜与能谱分析等方法，研究了不同量稀土元素Sc对Al-4Cu合金组织与性能的影响。结果表明：稀土元素Sc能够细化Al-4Cu合金的晶粒组织，改善枝晶网胞；当Sc含量小于0．2％时，Al-4Cu合金的抗拉强度δb和屈服强度δ0.2提高约20MPa；当Sc含量为0．3％～0．4％时，抗拉强度δb和屈服强度δ0.2有所降低；当Sc含量为0．5％时，抗拉强度δb和屈服强度δ0.2又有所升高，但低于未添加Sc的Al-4Cu合金；Sc对合金的伸长率几乎没有影响。微量Sc元素添加到Al-4Cu合金中，当Sc含量小于0．2％时，基本上以固溶的形式溶入合金基体中；当Sc含量为0．3％。0．5％时，除部分固溶于Al基体中外，大部分形成起强化作用的Al3Sc相及交互作用AlCuSc相，AlCuSc相是Al-Cu-Sc系合金中的有害相，它使合金的力学性能在一定程度上有所降低。     

Cu含量对含Sc铝锂合金显微组织和力学性能的影响

通过显微硬度测试、常规拉伸性能测试、扫描电镜和透射电镜等观察手段研究Cu含量对含Sc铝锂合金显微组织和力学性能的影响。结果表明:在Sc元素含量基本不变的情况下,Cu含量为4.2%(质量分数)的合金在均匀化过程中会形成W(Al Cu Sc)相,且该相在固溶时也不会完全溶解到α(Al)。在相同Sc含量条件下,随着α(Al)中Cu含量的下降,w(Cu)/w(Sc)变小,均匀化后形成的W相数量会明显降低,直至消失。由于W相对合金力学性能不利,其数量的减少可以增加合金中有效固溶Cu原子的数量,从而提高合金性能,W相的形成抑制合金中Al3(Sc,Zr)粒子的析出形成。     

微量Sc添加对2070铝锂合金显微组织演变和力学性能的影响（英文）

通过力学测试、SEM、EPMA和TEM对基于Al-3.35Cu-1.2Li-0.4Mg-0.4Zn-0.3Mn-0.1Zr(质量分数,%)的含Sc和不含Sc两种合金的显微组织和力学性能进行研究。研究发现,0.082%(质量分数)Sc元素的添加可形成富含Cu和含Sc的Al3(Sc Zr)粒子和W相颗粒。Al_3(ScZr)粒子可以抑制固溶过程中的再结晶和再结晶晶粒长大;而W相在固溶过程中不易溶解,可使Cu在固溶基体中含量减少,导致在T8时效过程中的含Cu的主强化相T_1(Al_2CuLi)和θ'(Al_2Cu)的分数下降。由于W相的形成,少量Sc的添加导致力学性能下降。     

Sc对Al-Si-Mg-Cu-Ti合金铸态组织和力学性能的影响

借助金相显微镜、扫描电镜、透射电镜、布氏硬度计和万能试验机,试验研究了Sc对Al-3.0Si-0.45Mg-0.45Cu-0.15Ti合金铸态组织和力学性能的影响。结果表明,在试验合金中添加稀土元素Sc,使合金在凝固过程中析出Al3(Sc,Ti)初生相,初生相与α(Al)基体共格,符合点阵匹配原理,成为有效的非均质晶核,可显著细化合金的铸态组织。随着Sc含量(w(Sc)0~0.56%)的增加,合金的铸态组织由粗大的树枝晶变为细小的等轴晶,合金的硬度、抗拉强度和伸长率也随着Sc含量的增加而升高。时效过程中析出的Al3(Sc,Ti)沉淀相密度高,细小弥散,具有钉扎位错,稳定亚结构,阻碍亚晶长大及晶界迁移的作用。     

复合添加Sc、Zr、Ti对Al-Mg合金组织与性能的影响

采用布氏硬度计、金相显微镜、扫描电镜(SEM)和透射电镜(TEM)研究了微量Sc、Zr、Ti以及Mg含量对Al-Mg合金的显微组织与布氏硬度的影响。结果表明,单独添加Sc、Zr元素的合金与未添加的Al-Mg合金的铸态组织相比,合金的晶粒组织得到了一定的细化,复合添加Sc、Zr、Ti3种元素的合金铸态组织的晶粒细化程度更为明显。同时在Sc、Zr、Ti相同含量下,Mg元素的增加也能进一步细化合金的晶粒组织,这是由于Mg元素固溶强化的结果,使得合金的布氏硬度提高。对Al-10Mg-Sc-Zr-Ti合金进行均匀化退火处理后,合金的硬度较铸态组织提高了10%,这是Al3(Sc1-xZrx)、Al3(Sc1-xTix)及Al3(Sc1-x-yZrxTiy)大量沉淀相二次析出,弥散度增大、分布更加均匀的结果。     

稀土元素Nd对近共晶Al-12Si合金显微组织与力学性能的影响(英文)

研究稀土元素Nd(0~0.4%,质量分数)对近共晶Al-12Si合金显微组织与力学性能的影响。结果表明:在0.3%Nd改性的Al-12Si合金中形成一种亚微米或纳米尺寸的Al2Nd相。在Al-12Si合金中添加稀土元素Nd能显著细化合金中的α(Al)相,粗生硅相转变为细小颗粒状,共晶硅由粗大针状变成细小纤维状。在改性效果最佳的Al-12-0.3Nd合金的Si相表面观察到少量的生长孪晶。力学性能测试结果表明:添加Nd元素后,Al-12Si合金的力学性能得到改善,当合金中Nd元素含量达到0.3%时,合金的力学性能达到最优,抗拉强度(UTS)为252 MPa,伸长率(EL)为13%。合金力学性能的改善主要归因于合金中Si相形貌的改善和细小Al2Nd相颗粒的形成。     

元素Cu、Mn及热处理对Al-20Si合金组织及力学性能的影响

在Al-20Si合金中添加含Cu、Mn元素的中间合金,熔炼得到Al-20Si-0.2Cu-0.3Mn、Al-20Si-0.6Cu-0.5Mn、Al-20Si-1Cu-0.7Mn和Al-20Si-1.4Cu-0.9Mn的Al-Si合金。采用金相显微镜、拉伸试验机、布氏硬度计等对铸态及固溶处理+人工时效(T6)热处理态的不同Cu、Mn含量的Al-20Si合金的微观组织及力学性能进行研究。结果表明:Cu、Mn元素可以细化Al-20Si合金中的初生硅和共晶硅,使其组织均匀化,并提高Al-20Si合金的抗拉强度和布氏硬度。Cu、Mn元素的合理添加量分别为1wt%和0.7wt%,此时铸态Al-20Si合金的抗拉强度达到最大值(238 MPa),T6热处理态Al-20Si合金的硬度达到最大值(212 HB)。T6热处理可以改善Al-20Si合金中的Si相,细化初晶硅和共晶硅,消除枝晶,并形成固溶强化。     

Y对Mg-3Al-1Zn镁合金铸态组织的影响

研究Y对Mg-3Al-1Zn镁合金铸态组织的影响。结果表明,在Mg-3Al-1Zn合金中加入w(Y)=0.3%和w(Y)=0.6%对合金组织中合金相种类没有影响,但当w(Y)=0.9%时有Al3Y相存在。同时,加入微量Y使合金组织中Mg17Al12相基本上转变为断续状和颗粒状分布,且其分布具有一定方向性,同时其数量也逐渐减少。此外,研究结果还发现微量Y对Mg-3Al-1Zn合金的组织有一定的细化作用。     

铸态Mg-11Al-1.2Zn-(-0.3Sc)合金的显微组织与力学性能

通过熔炼铸造方法,制备了Sc含量为0.3%的Mg-11Al-2Zn合金,采用X射线衍射、金相观察,扫描电镜及力学性能测试,研究了Sc的添加对铸态合金显微组织与力学性能的影响.结果显示,基体合金中添加Sc后,铸态合金的晶粒明显得到细化,Mg17Al12相的形态与分布得到有效改善,显微组织主要由α-Mg基体相、Mg17Al12相及MgAlSc相组成.力学性能显示,Sc的添加使铸态合金的室温抗拉强度提高了23.7%.     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

新型的治疗阿尔茨海默氏症药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2,2,2-三氯)-乙基-1-醇烟酸醋对体外神经细胞的作用

目的: 观察本实验室合成的一种治疗阿尔茨海默氏症(AD)的药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2, 2, 2 -三氯)-乙基^-1-醇烟酸醋(NMF),对体外培养的皮层神经细胞活性的影响以及对海人藻酸(KA)所致的神经损伤的保护作用。方法: 采用体外培养皮层神经元的方法,解剖分离 15 d胚胎小鼠皮层神经细胞, 接种于 96孔板,48 h 后加药并培养 72 h,以 MIT 法 观察 NMF 对小鼠皮层神经细胞活性的影响;同时将接种于 24 孔板的细胞预先给予 NMF,d 3 时加或不加KA处理后,以台盼蓝染色鉴别并计数死、活细胞,可得出细胞的存活率。结果: NMF 明显促进胎鼠皮层神经元活性,其中 NMF1、0. 1、10nmol·L^-1促进神经元活性增殖率分别高达 34.7%、37.4%、36. 7%, NMF 明显促进正常胎鼠皮层神经元存活卒,与对照组比较,10nmol·L^-1 NMF 对皮层神经元的存活率分别提高 39.3%、73.5%。 NMF能显著 对抗 KA 所致的神经元损伤,与 KA 损伤组相比, NMF0.1、10、10nmol·L^-1对损伤皮层神经元的保护率分别为 77.30%、80.10%、84.15%。结论: NMF 明 显促进胎鼠皮层神经元的洁性、提高正常皮层神经元,的存活卒,并能有效地保护KA所致的神经元损伤,提示 NMF 是一种很有潜力的治疗 AD 的药物。     

Theoretical Analysis for the Motion and Temperature of Melt Droplets in Spray Degassing Process

The motion of melt droplets in spray degassing process was analyzed theoretically. The height of the treatment tank in spray degassing process could be determined by the results of theoretical calculation of motion of melt droplets. To know whether the melt droplets would solidify during spraying process, the balance temperature of melt droplets was also theoretically analyzed. Then proof experiments for theoretical results about temperature of melt droplets were carried. In comparison, the experimental results were nearly similar to the calculation results.     

Growth Kinetics of Single Inclusion Particle in Molten Melts

On the basis of the single-particle framework, a new theory on inclusion growth in metallurgical melts is developed to study the kinetics of inclusion growth on account of reaction and collision. The studies show that the early growth of inclusion depends on reaction growth and Brawnian motion collision, and where the former is decisive, the late growth depends on turbulence collision and Stokes＇ collision, and where the former is dominant; collision growth is very quick during the smelting process, lessened in the refining process, but nearly negligible in the continuous casting process.     

An Easy Way to Quantify the Adhesion Energy of Nanostructured Cu/X(X=Cr,Ta,Mo,Nb,Zr) Multilayer Films Adherent to Polyimide Substrates

An approach based on film buckling under simple uniaxial tensile testing was utilized in this paper to quantitatively estimate the interfacial energy of the nanostructured multilayer films(NMFs) adherent to flexible substrates. The interfacial energies of polyimide-supported NMFs are determined to be *5.0 J/m2 for Cu/Cr, *4.1 J/m2 for Cu/Ta,*2.8 J/m2 for Cu/Mo, *1.1 J/m2 for Cu/Nb, and *1.2 J/m2 for Cu/Zr NMFs. Furthermore, a linear relationship between the adhesion energy and the interfacial shear strength is clearly demonstrated for the Cu-based NMFs, which is highly indicative of the applicability and reliability of the modified models.     

High-Speed Friction Stir Welding of SiC_p/Al–Mg–Si–Cu Composite

A 17 vol% SiCp/Al–Mg–Si–Cu composite plate with a thickness of 3 mm was successfully friction stir welded(FSWed) at a very high welding speed of 2000 mm/min for the first time. Microstructural observation indicated that the coarsening of the precipitates was greatly inhibited in the heat-affected zone of the FSW joint at high welding speed, due to the significantly reduced peak temperature and duration at high temperature. Therefore, prominent enhancement of the hardness was achieved at the lowest hardness zone of the FSW joint at this high welding speed, which was similar to that of the nugget zone. Furthermore, the ultimate tensile strength of the joint was as high as 369 MPa, which was much higher than that obtained at low welding speed of 100 mm/min(298 MPa). This study provides an effective method to weld aluminum matrix composite with superior quality and high welding efficiency.     

Three-Dimensional Growth of Coherent Ferrite in Austenite: A Molecular Dynamics Study

Coherent second phase often exhibits anisotropic morphology with specifi c orientations with respect to both the second and the matrix phases. As a key feature of microstructure, the morphology of the coherent particles is essential for understanding the second-phase strengthening eff ect in various industrial alloys. This letter reports anisotropic growth of coherent ferrite from austenite matrix in pure iron based on molecular dynamics simulation. We found that the ferrite grain tends to grow into an elongated plate-like shape, independent of its initial confi guration. The fi nal shape of the ferrite is closely related to the misfi t between the two phases, with the longest direction and the broad facet of the plate being, respectively, consistent with the best matching direction and the best matching plane calculated via the Burgers vector content(BVC) method. The strain energy calculation in the framework of Eshelby's inclusion theory verifi es that the simulated orientation of the coherent ferrite is energetically favorable. It is anticipated that the BVC method will be applicable in analysis of anisotropic growth and morphology of coherent second phase in other phase transformation systems.     

A STUDY OF TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENT VALENCE BOND STRUCTURE OF TITANIUM

On the basis of energy and shape method for the determination of the valence bond (VB) structures of crystal, the valence bond structure of titanium is redetermined at room temperature and calculated in the whole temperature range of 0-1943K. The outer shell electronic distribution of Ti is e_c~(2.9907) · (s_c~(0.4980) d_c~(2.4927)) ef1.0093 in crystal. The temperature dependences of the VB structures of hcp and bcc phases are the same. The VB structures of hcp and bcc phases monotonically increase or decrease with the increase in temperature, but show discontinuous changes at the phase-transformation temperature 1155K.     

Structural Optimization of Electromagnetic Swirling Flow in Nozzle of Slab Continuous Casting

During the slab continuous casting process, the flow field of molten steel in the mold plays a decisive role in the quality of the slab. In this paper, electromagnetic swirling flow in nozzle technology is proposed to control the flow field in mold.This technology can drive molten steel to rotate inside the submerged entry nozzle by electromagnetic force, thereby controlling the flow field. This research shows that it can reduce the impact of molten steel on the bottom of nozzle and partly reduce the negative pressure at the upper part of nozzle outlet which is even eliminated by optimizing the structure and angle of nozzle. The area of heat flux of the mold wall becomes larger, and the crest value of heat flux gets lower than that without swirling in nozzle and any nozzle optimization. The meniscus fluctuates smoothly, and the flow velocity at the top surface is within a reasonable range. The temperature field distribution in the mold is uniform which was beneficial to the growth of equiaxed crystal and decreased element segregation.