Zr-0.8Sn-1Nb-0.3Fe锆合金的微观组织研究

采用光学显微镜和透射电子显微镜对两种制备工艺的Zr-0.8Sn-1Nb-0.3Fe锆合金进行了微观组织分析与表征。实验结果表明增加冷轧次数与退火过程会导致锆合金的晶粒尺寸变大和不均匀化,平均尺寸从3.9μm长大到6.0μm;且析出相的尺寸变大、弥散程度降低,平均尺寸从74.6 nm长大至89.6 nm。增加冷轧次数与退火过程会使基体中的Nb进一步析出,析出相中Nb/Fe比值增加,平均值从1.17增加至1.39。2种锆合金中的析出相主要为面心立方结构的(Zr,Nb)_2Fe化合物,Nb/Fe比值较低,尺寸较大。而在增加冷轧次数与退火过程的锆合金中还观察到少量密排六方结构的Zr(Nb,Fe)_2析出相,Nb/Fe比值较高,尺寸较小。     

Fe_(78)Co_2Zr_8Nb_2B_9M_1(M=Ta、Cu)合金的微观结构和巨磁阻抗效应北大核心CSCD

采用单辊快淬法制备Fe78Co2Zr8Nb2B9M1(M=Ta、Cu)非晶合金薄带,在不同温度下对合金进行等温热处理。利用DTA、XRD、TEM、VSM和阻抗分析仪研究合金的热行为、微观结构、磁性能及巨磁阻抗效应。结果表明,晶化初期,Fe78Co2Zr8Nb2B9Ta1非晶合金析出α-Mn亚稳相和α-Fe(Co)相,Fe78Co2Zr8Nb2B9Cu1非晶合金仅析出α-Fe(Co)相。600℃退火后的Fe78Co2Zr8Nb2B9Cu1合金中晶化相的平均晶粒尺寸小于Fe78Co2Zr8Nb2B9Ta1合金。合金的M s均随退火温度的升高而逐渐增大。Fe78Co2Zr8Nb2B9Ta1合金的H c在600℃退火后明显增大,这与α-Mn型相的析出有关;而Fe78Co2Zr8Nb2B9Cu1合金的H c在600℃退火后达到极小值。合金的GMI max值随退火温度增加先上升后下降。Fe78Co2Zr8Nb2B9Cu1合金具有比Fe78Co2Zr8Nb2B9Ta1合金更显著的GMI效应。     

Sn和Nb对Zr-Sn-Nb-Fe锆合金中第二相粒子的影响

利用透射电镜(TEM)和扫描电镜(SEM)研究了采用相同工艺制备的Zr-1.2Sn-1Nb-0.3Fe、Zr-0.4Sn-1Nb-0.3Fe和Zr-0.4Sn-0.65Nb-0.3Fe锆合金板材中的第二相粒子特征。结果表明,Sn在第二相中存在偏聚,第二相颗粒的形成过程中Nb直接析出,合金中第二相主要为密排六方结构Zr(Nb,Fe)2;当Nb含量为1wt%、Sn含量从0.4wt%增加到1.2wt%时,第二相面密度减小而平均直径变大,第二相中Nb/Fe比升高;当Sn含量为0.4wt%、Nb含量从0.65wt%增加到1wt%时,第二相面密度增大而平均直径变小,第二相中Nb/Fe比同样升高。     

退火温度对Zr-Sn-Nb-Fe合金组织和耐腐蚀性能的影响

对Zr-Sn-Nb-Fe合金板材进行了β相水淬后的不同温度退火处理,获得了初生相数量、尺寸分布的样品,研究了材料在3.5wt%NaCl溶液中的腐蚀行为。结果表明:经500℃退火后,Zr-Sn-Nb-Fe合金在部分区域出现了再结晶;合金样品中生成的Zr(Nb,Fe)_2相为密排六方(HCP)结构,晶粒尺寸小于100 nm;经550℃退火后,样品中初生相尺寸较小。在退火温度升高后,腐蚀质量降低。退火过程析出的小尺寸Zr(Nb,Fe)_2相能提升合金耐腐蚀性能。     

添加S对Zr-Sn-Nb-Fe锆合金中第二相的影响

在Zr-0.70Sn-0.35Nb-0.30Fe(质量分数,%)合金成分基础上添加26~570μg/g的S制备成实验合金,用SEM、TEM及其配置的EDS研究了S含量对合金中第二相成分及晶体结构的影响。结果表明:不加S的重熔合金中的第二相均为密排六方结构的Zr(Nb,Fe)2,添加S以后合金中出现了正交结构的Zr3Fe第二相,并随着S含量的增加,Zr3Fe的数量也相应增多;添加的S含量为190μg/g时,合金中还出现了四方结构的Zr9S2第二相,并随着S含量的进一步增加,Zr9S2第二相的数量增多;同一成分合金中随第二相粒子尺寸的增大,第二相中的Nb/Fe比值逐渐降低。本研究制备的含S锆合金中,固溶在ɑ-Zr基体中的最大S含量在26~190μg/g之间,超过固溶含量的S以Zr9S2第二相析出,并没有进入其它第二相中。     

冷轧道次加工率对锆合金板材性能的影响

研究了锆板在相同变形量下冷轧道次加工率对最终成品板材组织、性能及尺寸精度的影响。结果表明:冷轧锆合金板材显微组织为纤维状,随轧制道次加工率的增加,纤维组织越来越细。经过580℃/120 min退火后,锆合金板材纤维组织转化为等轴状晶粒;随冷轧道次加工率的增加,再结晶组织晶粒呈细化趋势,含Nb、Fe和Cr元素的Zr-Fe-Nb第二相粒子越易在晶界析出,有利于板材的力学性能的提升,而不利于耐腐蚀性能的提升。     

预压缩变形对Zr-Sn-Nb-Fe-Cr-Cu合金时效析出行为的影响

本文采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和透射电子显微镜(TEM),系统研究了经6%和12%预压缩变形处理后Zr-Sn-Nb-Fe-Cr-Cu合金在时效过程中的第二相析出行为。研究结果发现,预变形量对Zr合金时效析出行为有显著的影响,在相同的时效条件下,预压缩变形量为12%的合金第二相粒子平均尺寸比6%的合金小约10nm;600℃下时效时,Zr合金的第二相粒子平均尺寸与预变形量呈线性反比关系。透射电镜分析结果表明,合金在500℃低温时效30min时先析出含有少量Cu元素的正交结构Zr3Fe相;当时效1800min后,除了大尺寸的Zr3Fe外还有六方结构的Zr(Fe,Nb)2析出,但预压缩变形量对Zr合金的第二相析出种类没有显著影响。     

微量Fe对冷轧超细晶Cu-30Zn-0.15Fe合金等温退火组织演化的影响

采用OM,TEM,SEM/EBSD及硬度测试等手段,研究了微量Fe对冷轧Cu-30Zn-0.15Fe合金在573 K下等温退火过程中组织演化的影响.结果表明,Fe与合金中的杂质P形成hcp结构的Fe_2P第二相颗粒,其粒子尺寸为50~300 nm.冷轧Cu-Zn和Cu-Zn-Fe合金的硬度曲线在退火过程中均分为3个阶段,后者与前者相比第二阶段出现较晚.当硬度趋于稳定时,Cu-Zn-Fe合金的硬度比Cu-Zn合金提高约30 HV.Fe2P粒子阻碍晶界迁移和位错运动,使得Cu-Zn-Fe合金退火过程中的Σ3孪晶界的增加速度缓慢、质量分数减少,组织内位错密度、储能较大.Fe2P粒子延迟了Cu-Zn-Fe合金再结晶的发生并抑制再结晶晶粒长大,使其平均晶粒尺寸保持在1.3μm左右.合金的主要强化机制为第二相强化、细晶强化和位错强化.     

MA法制备Fe83Nb7B9Cu1纳米晶粉末及其热稳定性

利用高能球磨法在Fe Nb B Cu体系中获得纳米晶粉末 ,研究了机械球磨过程中产物的组织结构、α Fe相平均晶粒尺寸及其热稳定性。结果表明 :采用Fe 2 0B中间合金粉末代替B粉并未明显影响机械合金化动力学过程 ;球磨至 5h时 ,即可获得平均晶粒尺寸约 18nm的α Fe单相过饱和固溶体 ,其后延长球磨时间 ,晶粒尺寸缓慢减小 ,至 45h后 ,平均晶粒尺寸减小到 9nm。退火处理后的XRD分析表明 ,α Fe过饱和固溶体从 10 0℃开始发生结构弛豫现象 ,738.8℃后则发生了相转变 :α Fe过饱和固溶体→α Fe固溶体 Fe3 B FeB ,在 5 5 0℃以内退火 ,纳米晶粒长大不明显 ,在 770～ 95 0℃范围内退火 ,晶粒开始明显长大 ,但晶粒尺寸仍处于纳米级范围。     

Zr-Nb-Fe系锆合金管材的微观组织及第二相表征

通过光学显微镜、扫描电镜及透射电镜技术对Zr-Nb-Fe系锆合金管材微观组织及第二相结构进行表征和定量分析。结果表明:Zr-Nb-Fe系锆合金管材再结晶充分,晶粒呈近似等轴状,晶粒内部缺陷少,平均尺寸为4.75μm。大部分第二相呈球状,少量呈短棒状或不规则形状,平均尺寸为96.45 nm,尺寸分布主要集中在40~160 nm之间。Zr-Nb-Fe系锆合金管材中存在两种类型的第二相,一种是密排六方结构(HCP)的Zr(Nb,Fe,Cr)_2相,另一种为体心立方结构(BCC)的β-Nb相。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

THERMODYNAMICS STUDY ON THE DECOMPOSITION OF CHROMITE WITH KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

INFLUENCE OF HEAT TREATMENT ON DAMPING BEHAVIOUR OF THE MAGNESIUM WROUGHT ALLOY AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Theoretical Analysis for the Motion and Temperature of Melt Droplets in Spray Degassing Process

The motion of melt droplets in spray degassing process was analyzed theoretically. The height of the treatment tank in spray degassing process could be determined by the results of theoretical calculation of motion of melt droplets. To know whether the melt droplets would solidify during spraying process, the balance temperature of melt droplets was also theoretically analyzed. Then proof experiments for theoretical results about temperature of melt droplets were carried. In comparison, the experimental results were nearly similar to the calculation results.     

Growth Kinetics of Single Inclusion Particle in Molten Melts

On the basis of the single-particle framework, a new theory on inclusion growth in metallurgical melts is developed to study the kinetics of inclusion growth on account of reaction and collision. The studies show that the early growth of inclusion depends on reaction growth and Brawnian motion collision, and where the former is decisive, the late growth depends on turbulence collision and Stokes＇ collision, and where the former is dominant; collision growth is very quick during the smelting process, lessened in the refining process, but nearly negligible in the continuous casting process.     

An Easy Way to Quantify the Adhesion Energy of Nanostructured Cu/X(X=Cr,Ta,Mo,Nb,Zr) Multilayer Films Adherent to Polyimide Substrates

An approach based on film buckling under simple uniaxial tensile testing was utilized in this paper to quantitatively estimate the interfacial energy of the nanostructured multilayer films(NMFs) adherent to flexible substrates. The interfacial energies of polyimide-supported NMFs are determined to be *5.0 J/m2 for Cu/Cr, *4.1 J/m2 for Cu/Ta,*2.8 J/m2 for Cu/Mo, *1.1 J/m2 for Cu/Nb, and *1.2 J/m2 for Cu/Zr NMFs. Furthermore, a linear relationship between the adhesion energy and the interfacial shear strength is clearly demonstrated for the Cu-based NMFs, which is highly indicative of the applicability and reliability of the modified models.     

High-Speed Friction Stir Welding of SiC_p/Al–Mg–Si–Cu Composite

A 17 vol% SiCp/Al–Mg–Si–Cu composite plate with a thickness of 3 mm was successfully friction stir welded(FSWed) at a very high welding speed of 2000 mm/min for the first time. Microstructural observation indicated that the coarsening of the precipitates was greatly inhibited in the heat-affected zone of the FSW joint at high welding speed, due to the significantly reduced peak temperature and duration at high temperature. Therefore, prominent enhancement of the hardness was achieved at the lowest hardness zone of the FSW joint at this high welding speed, which was similar to that of the nugget zone. Furthermore, the ultimate tensile strength of the joint was as high as 369 MPa, which was much higher than that obtained at low welding speed of 100 mm/min(298 MPa). This study provides an effective method to weld aluminum matrix composite with superior quality and high welding efficiency.     

新型的治疗阿尔茨海默氏症药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2,2,2-三氯)-乙基-1-醇烟酸醋对体外神经细胞的作用

目的: 观察本实验室合成的一种治疗阿尔茨海默氏症(AD)的药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2, 2, 2 -三氯)-乙基^-1-醇烟酸醋(NMF),对体外培养的皮层神经细胞活性的影响以及对海人藻酸(KA)所致的神经损伤的保护作用。方法: 采用体外培养皮层神经元的方法,解剖分离 15 d胚胎小鼠皮层神经细胞, 接种于 96孔板,48 h 后加药并培养 72 h,以 MIT 法 观察 NMF 对小鼠皮层神经细胞活性的影响;同时将接种于 24 孔板的细胞预先给予 NMF,d 3 时加或不加KA处理后,以台盼蓝染色鉴别并计数死、活细胞,可得出细胞的存活率。结果: NMF 明显促进胎鼠皮层神经元活性,其中 NMF1、0. 1、10nmol·L^-1促进神经元活性增殖率分别高达 34.7%、37.4%、36. 7%, NMF 明显促进正常胎鼠皮层神经元存活卒,与对照组比较,10nmol·L^-1 NMF 对皮层神经元的存活率分别提高 39.3%、73.5%。 NMF能显著 对抗 KA 所致的神经元损伤,与 KA 损伤组相比, NMF0.1、10、10nmol·L^-1对损伤皮层神经元的保护率分别为 77.30%、80.10%、84.15%。结论: NMF 明 显促进胎鼠皮层神经元的洁性、提高正常皮层神经元,的存活卒,并能有效地保护KA所致的神经元损伤,提示 NMF 是一种很有潜力的治疗 AD 的药物。     

A STUDY OF TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENT VALENCE BOND STRUCTURE OF TITANIUM

On the basis of energy and shape method for the determination of the valence bond (VB) structures of crystal, the valence bond structure of titanium is redetermined at room temperature and calculated in the whole temperature range of 0-1943K. The outer shell electronic distribution of Ti is e_c~(2.9907) · (s_c~(0.4980) d_c~(2.4927)) ef1.0093 in crystal. The temperature dependences of the VB structures of hcp and bcc phases are the same. The VB structures of hcp and bcc phases monotonically increase or decrease with the increase in temperature, but show discontinuous changes at the phase-transformation temperature 1155K.