动态硫化丁腈橡胶／酚醛树脂共混型热塑性弹性体性能的研究

用动态硫化法制备了丁腈（ＮＢＲ）／酚醛树脂（ＰＦ）共混型热塑性弹性。研究了ＮＢＲ中丙烯腈含量、ＰＦ品种、橡塑并比和硫化体系对共混通用性能的影响。研究结果表明：随ＮＢＲ中烯腈含量的增加，共混物的强度有所提高：随ＰＦ用量的增加，共混物的拉伸强度显著提高，耐油性能和老化性能均得到明显的提高硫磺硫人体系可使ＮＢＲ／ＰＦ并用 化胶有较好的机理机械性能。     

丁腈橡胶/聚甲醛共混物动态硫化的研究

采用２４０２树脂硫化体系以动态硫化方法制备了了腈橡胶（ＮＢＲ）／聚甲醛（ＰＯＭ）热塑性弹性体。研究了丙烯睛含量、硫化体系、橡塑比等对共混物性能的影响。实验结果表明：ＮＢＲ中丙烯睛含量增加，共混物的拉伸强度显著提高；随着ＰＯＭ用量增加，共混物的强度略有提高，表观粘度降低，加工性能改善，电性能、老化性能和耐油性能均得到明显提高。ＤＳＣ分析表明，共混物中ＰＯＭ的结晶度明显比纯ＰＯＭ低，熔点也有所下降。     

热塑性酚醛树脂/丁腈橡胶共混物性能的研究

采用差示扫描量热法（ＤＳＣ）、红外光谱法和力学性能测试等方法，研究了一系列配比的热塑性酚醛树脂（ＰＦ）／丁腈橡胶（ＮＢＲ）共混物的性能。共混比为（３—５０）／１００的ＰＦ／ＮＢＲ共混物表现出最佳的力学性能。ＤＳＣ分析表明六亚甲基四胺固化ＰＦ和硫黄硫化ＮＢＲ是共混物硫化过程中的主导反应，但红外分析表明ＮＢＲ中—ＣＮ与ＰＦ发生了化学反应，这种反应正是共混物获得良好性能的原因。     

HNBR/NBR共混物的动态硫化

以硫黄（１．５份）、促进剂ＤＭ９１．５份）作为ＮＢ交联剂，在１００℃下动态硫化８ｍｉｎ，制得ＨＮＢＲ／ＮＢＲ共混物。考察了不同硫化体系及并用比对动态硫化共混物性能的影响。对比了动态硫化和静态硫化共混物在性能上的差异，并对其加工流动性和微观结构作了探讨。结果表明，随着ＨＮＢＲ含量的增加，动态硫化共混物性能提高，尤其是动态硫化共混物的耐热空气第化性能要优于静态硫化共混物，ＴＥＭ分析表明，ＨＮＢＲ／ＮＮ     

动态硫化PVC/SBR共混体系的研究

采用动态硫化法制备了ＰＶＣ／ＳＢＲ共混物，考察了橡塑比、硫化体系、相容剂及ＰＶＣ交联对共混物性能的影响。结果表明，当ＰＶＣ／ＳＢＲ并用比为７５／２５，相容剂ＮＢＲ／氯化聚乙烯并用比为２．５／２．５，采用半有效或半有效加２份交联剂ＤＣＰ的硫化体系时，共混物综合性能较好。在ＰＶＣ中加入０．４份促进剂ＮＡ－２２可明显改善共混物的压缩永久变形。     

聚氯乙烯／橡胶并用胶辊的研制

研究了采用聚氯乙烯（ＰＶＣ），丁腈橡胶（ＮＢＲ）和顺丁橡胶（ＢＲ）三元共混制备模压浅色胶辊的配方和工艺，主要探讨了ＰＶＣ／ＮＢＲ／ＢＲ共混比、稳定剂、填充剂、硫化体系等因素对橡塑并用胶辊性能的影响．实验结果表明：选择ＰＶＣ／ＮＢＲ／ＢＲ＝３０／６０／１０，并配以白炭黑，过氧化物和少量硫黄硫化体系，可制得综合性能较好的浅色橡胶胶辊．     

PVC／ENR／XNBR（NBR）动态硫化共混物

能干不氧化天然橡胶（ＥＮＲ）、聚氯乙烯（ＰＶＣ）和羧基丁腈橡胶（ＸＮＢＲ）之间的自硫化反应，实现了ＰＶＣ／ＥＮＲ／ＸＮＢＲ三元共混物的动态友化，由此得到了具有热塑性弹性体的一些典型特征的ＰＶＣ／ＥＮＲ／ＸＮＢＲ动态自硫化共混物。该人混物与自硫化反应不明显的ＰＶＣ／ＥＮＲ／ＮＢＲ共混物进行了比较，发现动态自硫化反应显著提高了共混物的综合性能。结果表明，当橡塑比为７０／３０时，前者的拉伸强度为１１．８     

过氧化物动态硫化的NBR/POM共混物性能的研究

采用过氧化物硫化体系用动态硫化方法制备了丁腈橡胶／聚甲醛（ＮＢＲ／ＰＯＭ）热塑性弹性体。研究了硫化体系、橡塑比对共混物性能的影响。实验结果表明．采用２，５－二甲基－２，５－双（叔丁基过氧基）己烷硫化体系硫化效果较好．共混物的综合性能优异；随着ＰＯＭ用量增加．共混物的拉伸强度略有增加，表观粘度降低，加工性能变好，电绝缘性能、老化性能和耐油性能均得到明显改善。     

丁腈橡胶/聚甲醛(POM)共混物的研究

研究了丙烯腈含量、橡塑比和硫化体系等对NBR／POM共混物性能的影响。结果表明：NBR中丙烯腈含量增加，共混物的拉伸强度显著提高；随着POM用量增加，共混物的拉伸强度变化不大，而撕裂强度明显提高，伸长率下降，硬度有规律的增加，耐油性能有所改善；选用过氧化物硫化体系或低硫高促硫化体系制备的NBR／POM二元共混物的性能较好。     

EVM/NBR动态硫化共混物性能的研究

研究了橡胶型乙烯醋酸乙烯酯共聚物（ＥＶＭ）／ＮＢＲ共混比、硫黄和叔丁基酚醛树脂（２４０２树脂）硫化体系对共混物性能的影响，并对比了动态硫化和静态硫化共混物在性能上的差异。试验结果表明，ＥＶＭ／ＮＢＲ共混比显著影响共混物的力学性能，而采用ＮＢＲ预先动态硫化的方法后，共混物胶料的挤出口型膨胀率明显减小，老化性能得到改善，同时减弱了硫黄和２４０２树脂等硫化体系对ＥＶＭ硫化的影响，使多种硫化体系可以共存于共混物中。ＤＳＣ分析表明ＥＶＭ／ＮＢＲ动态硫化共混物只有一个玻璃化温度，且介于ＥＶＭ和ＮＢＲ之间，说明ＥＶＭ和ＮＢＲ具有良好的相容性。     

DMA analysis of the damping of ethylene–vinyl acetate/acrylonitrile butadiene rubber blends

The mechanical and damping properties of blends of ethylene–vinyl acetate rubber (VA content > 40% wt) (EVM)/acrylonitrile butadiene rubber (NBR), with 1.4 phr BIPB [bis (tert‐butyl peroxy isopropyl) benzene] as curing agent, were investigated by DMA and DSC. The effect of chlorinated polyvinyl chloride (CPVC), silica, carbon black, and phenolic resin (PF) as a substitute curing agent, on the damping and mechanical properties of EVM/NBR blends were studied. The results showed that 10 phr CPVC did not contribute to the damping of EVM700/NBR blends; Silica could dramatically improve the damping of EVM700/NBR blends because of the formation of bound rubber between EVM700/NBR and silica, which appeared as a shoulder tan δ peak between 20 and 70°C proved by DMA and DSC. This shoulder tan δ peak increased as the increase of the content of EVM in EVM/NBR blends. The tensile strength, modulus at 100% and tear strength of the blend with SiO₂ increased while the elongation at break and hardness decreased comparing with the blend with CB. PF, partly replacing BIPB as the curing agent, could significantly improve the damping of EVM700/NBR to have an effective damping temperature range of over 100°C and reasonable mechanical properties. Among EVM600, EVM700, and EVM800/NBR/silica blend system, EVM800/NBR/silica blend had the best damping properties. The EVM700/NBR = 80/10 blend had a better damping property than EVM700/NBR = 70/20. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012     

Physico‐mechanical properties of NBR/CPVC blend vulcanizates and foams

Foams were prepared from acrylonitrile‐butadiene rubber (NBR)/chlorinated polyvinyl chloride (CPVC) blend compounds using a chemical blowing agent during compression molding. The effect of varying NBR/CPVC blend ratio and the time on the foams were investigated. The curing parameters showed that both the maximum torque and the difference between the maximum and minimum torque decreased with increase of CPVC content. The limiting oxygen index (LOI) of the blend vulcanizate increased with increase of CPVC content, reached up to 30% for the NBR/CPVC blend with blend ratio 50/50. The SEM micrographs of the NBR/CPVC blend indicate semi‐compatibility between the blend phases. The NBR/CPVC foams prepared using a chemical blowing agent, showed closed cell structures, which were uniformly distributed across the blend phases. The average cell sizes increased and foam density decreased with increase of CPVC content. Tensile strength and tear strength of both vulcanizates and foams increased with increase CPVC content. Hardness of the foams increased but resilience of the foams decreased with increase of CPVC content. Density, tensile strength, tear strength, and hardness of the foams increased but resilience decreased when the compression molding time of the foam was increased. J. VINYL ADDIT. TECHNOL., 25:182–188, 2019. © 2018 Society of Plastics Engineers     

橡胶/树脂共混物复合阻尼材料的研究

将三元乙丙橡胶/石油树脂(EPDM/PR)共混物和丁腈橡胶/酚醛树脂(NBR/PF)共混物共混制得新共混物。动态力学分析(DMA)表明,EPDM/PR共混物和NBR/PF共混物在室温附近均有较好阻尼性能,但有效阻尼温域较窄;当两者共混比为50∶50时,新共混物阻尼温域可拓宽至100℃(-17.2℃～83.5℃);改变两者中橡胶与树脂的比例并保持50∶50的共混比不变,新共混物的阻尼行为会发生改变;改变丙烯腈含量,NBR极性随之变化,新共混物的相容性发生变化,阻尼性能受到影响;当丙烯腈质量分数为40%并保持50∶50的共混比不变时,新共混物的阻尼温域可达到127.8℃。     

Effect of dynamic vulcanization on properties and morphology of nylon/SAN/NBR blends: A new compatibilization method of nylon/ABS blends

Dynamically vulcanized blends of nylon, styrene–acrylonitrile copolymer (SAN), and nitrile–butadiene rubber (NBR) were examined for mechanical properties, Shore D hardness, Vicat softening temperature, impact process, and phase morphology. The effect of a curing system such as phenolic formaldehyde resins (PF), dicumylperoxide (DCP), and a sulfur system on the mechanical properties of the nylon/SAN/NBR blends was studied, and dynamic vulcanization with a PF system was found to lead to outstanding toughness of the blends. The effect of PF content on the mechanical properties, Shore D hardness, and heat resistance of the nylon/SAN/NBR blends was also investigated. With increasing PF content the notched‐impact strength and Vicat softening temperature (VST) of the nylon/SAN/NBR (50/25/25) blends evidently improved, but tensile strength and Shore D hardness of the blends changed slightly. It can be concluded that the nylon/SAN/NBR (50/25/25) blends dynamically vulcanized by high‐content PF can attain excellent comprehensive mechanical properties, especially supertoughness, at room temperature. SEM was used to investigate the effect of dynamic vulcanization on disperse‐phase particle size, particle size distribution, and phase morphology. It was obvious that disperse‐phase particle size decreased with an increasing PF content. Thermal behavior and miscibility of dynamically vulcanized nylon/SAN/NBR with PF were investigated by DMTA. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 87: 2057–2062, 2003     

PF/NBR/SiO2三元杂化网络结构复合材料的研究

在理论分析的基础上,提出了PF／NBR／SiO2三元杂化网络结构复合材料的微观聚集态模型;通过溶胶一凝胶反应使正硅酸乙酯在酚醛树脂(PF)中发生原位聚合反应,制得PF／二氧化硅(SiO2)二元杂化复合材料;再将PF／SiO2二元杂化复合材料与丁腈橡胶(NBR)混炼杂化,制得PF／NBR／SiO2三元杂化网络结构复合材料。性能测试结果表明,与不合SiO2的PF／NBR复合材料相比,PF／NBR／SiO2三元杂化网络结构复合材料的密度、冲击强度、拉伸强度、拉伸弹性模量及断裂伸长率、玻璃化转变温度均有较大提高。     

Mechanical properties and microstructure of acrylonitrile–butadiene rubber vulcanizates reinforced by in situ polymerized phenolic resin

The phenolic resin (PF) was incorporated into acrylonitrile–butadiene rubber (NBR) vulcanizates by in situ polymerization during the vulcanization process. It was found that the tensile strength, tearing strength, and tensile strength (300% elongation) could be considerably enhanced 59.4, 80.2, and 126.4%, respectively, at an optimum PF content of only 15 phr, but the elongation at break and shore A hardness were only slightly affected on the basis of silica‐reinforced NBR vulcanizates. A systematic study of the PF structure formed within the NBR matrix using various experimental schemes and procedures has revealed that the PF resin would form the localized discontinuous three‐dimensional interconnected network structures in the NBR matrix. The substantial reinforcement of PF on the mechanical properties of vulcanized NBR were attributed to the morphology, high flexibility, and moderate stiffness of the PF phases and their excellent bonding with rubbers through “rubber to rubber” and interface layer. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2007     

Preparation and characterization of polymethyltrifluoropropylsilicone modified acrylonitrile–butadiene rubber/fluorosilicon rubber blend

The blending of polymethyltrifluoropropylsilicone‐modified acrylonitrile–butadiene rubber (MNBR) and fluorosilicon rubber (FSR) at 70 : 30 ratio was investigated. The grafting of mercapto‐functionalized polymethyltrifluoropropylsilicone onto acrylonitrile‐butadiene rubber (NBR) by thiol‐ene reaction was carried out with 2,2′‐azobisisobutyronitrile as initiator in a Haake torque rheometer. The rheological properties of NBR grafting obtained at varying dosages of polymethyltrifluoropropylsilicone in a Haake torque rheometer were studied using torque curves. Grafting reaction was confirmed by ¹H nuclear magnetic resonance and energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy. Results of scanning electron microscopy and dynamic mechanical analysis showed better compatibility of MNBR/FSR blend than NBR/FSR reference blend. Meanwhile, the macro‐mechanical properties of the blend significantly improved. The tensile strength and tear strength of MNBR/FSR blend were improved to 14.34 MPa and 44.94 KN/m, respectively, which were 2.92 MPa and 13.03 KN/m higher than those of NBR/FSR reference blend. The low‐temperature brittleness of the blend was improved to ?57°C, an increase of ?6°C compared with that of NBR. These results indicated that MNBR/FSR blend at 70 : 30 ratio had improved compatibility because of the grafting chains that acted as interfacial agents. The low‐temperature resistance of the blend was also enhanced. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015 , 132, 42328.     

Swelling and mechanical properties of (acrylonitrile‐butadiene rubber)/(hydrogenated acrylonitrile‐butadiene rubber) blends with precipitated silica filled in gasohol fuels

This work studied the effects of hydrogenated acrylonitrile‐butadiene rubber (HNBR) and precipitated silica (PSi) loadings in acrylonitrile‐butadiene rubber (NBR) filled with 60 parts per hundred of rubber (phr) of carbon black (CB) for oil‐resistant seal applications in contact with gasohol fuel. The cure characteristics, mechanical properties, and swelling behavior of HNBR/NBR blends reinforced with PSi before and after immersion in ethanol‐based oils (E10, E20, and E85) were then monitored. This work studied the effects of PSi loading in rubber compounds on the mechanical properties of the rubber blends. The results suggested that the scorch time of CB‐filled NBR/HNBR was not affected by HNBR loading, but the cure time, Mooney viscosity, and torque difference increased with HNBR content. The swelling of the blends in E85 oil were relatively low compared with those in E10 and E20 oils. The recommended NBR/HNBR blend ratio for oil‐resistant applications was 50/50. Tensile strength and elongation at break before and after immersion in gasohol oils increased with HNBR loading, and the opposite effect was found for tensile modulus and hardness. PSi filler had no effect on scorch time, but decreased the cure time of the blends. The swelling level of the blends slightly decreased with increasing PSi content. The recommended silica content for optimum reinforcement for black‐filled NBR/HNBR blend at 50/50 was 30 phr. The results in this work suggested that NBR/HNBR blends reinforced with 60 phr of CB and 30 phr of silica could be potentially used for rubber seals in contact with gasohol fuels. J. VINYL ADDIT. TECHNOL., 22:239–246, 2016. © 2014 Society of Plastics Engineers