基于自底向上法的功能相似产品平台设计

为解决产品族设计中平台的确定问题,针对不同产品的功能可能具有相似性的特点,论述了功能相似的概念;基于自底向上法,提出了一种建立功能相似产品平台的新方法。该方法以已有产品的功能结构为基础,通过划分产品模块、分析模块性矩阵得到产品平台,并以市场上现有的豆浆机、果汁机和搅拌机3种功能相似的家用电器为例对该方法进行了验证。     

ADAPTABLE DESIGN IN PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT

A newly emerging design pattern, named as adaptable design (AD), which aims at developing products that are adaptable from design to post-life cycle, is discussed. AD consists of four main phases: product modeling, design platform, specific design and product redesign. A new process-based design data model (PDDM) is presented which is organized according to the principles of convenient knowledge extraction, data representation, layout, sharing and reuse. Based on the PDDM, a universal design platform for product family development is established, which has characters of modularity, parameter-driven, variant design, etc. The framework of the platform is also proposed as a conceptual structure and overall logical organization for generating a family of products. AD methodology is successfully applied to develop a family of tunnel boring machine (TBM) for different engineering projects, with the efficiency of our developing team being greatly increased.     

CONCURRENT PRODUCT PORTFOLIO PLANNING AND MIXED PRODUCT ASSEMBLY LINE BALANCING

Reconfigurable products and manufacturing systems have enabled manufacturers to provide "cost effective" variety to the market. In spite of these new technologies, the expense of manufacturing makes it infeasible to supply all the possible variants to the market for some industries. Therefore, the determination of the right number of product variants to offer in the product portfolios becomes an important consideration. The product portfolio planning problem had been independently well studied from marketing and engineering perspectives. However, advantages can be gained from using a concurrent marketing and engineering approach. Concurrent product development strategies specifically for reconfigurable products and manufacturing systems can allow manufacturers to select best product portfolios from marketing, product design and manufacturing perspectives. A methodology for the concurrent design of a product portfolio and assembly system is presented. The objective of the concurrent product portfolio planning and assembly system design problem is to obtain the product variants that will make up the product portfolio such that oversupply of optional modules is minimized and the assembly line efficiency is maximized. Explicit design of the assembly system is obtained during the solution of the problem. It is assumed that the demand for optional modules and the assembly times for these modules are known a priori. A genetic algorithm is used in the solution of the problem. The basic premise of this methodology is that the selected product portfolio has a significant impact on the solution of the assembly line balancing problem. An example is used to validate this hypothesis. The example is then further developed to demonstrate how the methodology can be used to obtain the optimal product portfolio. This approach is intended for use by manufacturers during the early design stages of product family design.     

生长型产品族设计平台

分析了面向大批量定制要求和开展产品族设计的研究现状,提出了用生长型设计自动化技术开展产品族设计研究,以解决产品族设计中共性与个性之间、模块化与创新之间的矛盾,从而提高定制的灵活性。介绍了生长型产品族设计平台及其主要功能:需求分解与可操作标准化、按需创成结构、标准化广义定位模式运用、现有零件资源匹配等。通过设计过程实例说明了生长型产品族设计平台的应用潜力。     

Product modular design incorporating preventive maintenance issues

Traditional modular design methods lead to product maintenance problems, because the module form of a system is created according to either the function requirements or the manufacturing considerations. For solving these problems, a new modular design method is proposed with the considerations of not only the traditional function related attributes, but also the maintenance related ones. First, modularity parameters and modularity scenarios for product modularity are defined. Then the reliability and economic assessment models of product modularity strategies are formulated with the introduction of the effective working age of modules. A mathematical model used to evaluate the difference among the modules of the product so that the optimal module of the product can be established. After that, a multi-objective optimization problem based on metrics for preventive maintenance interval different degrees and preventive maintenance economics is formulated for modular optimization. Multi-objective GA is utilized to rapidly approximate the Pareto set of optimal modularity strategy trade-offs between preventive maintenance cost and preventive maintenance interval difference degree. Finally, a coordinate CNC boring machine is adopted to depict the process of product modularity. In addition, two factorial design experiments based on the modularity parameters are constructed and analyzed. These experiments investigate the impacts of these parameters on the optimal modularity strategies and the structure of module. The research proposes a new modular design method, which may help to improve the maintainability of product in modular design.     

Process Variety Modeling for Process Configuration in Mass Customization: An Approach Based on Object-Oriented Petri Nets with Changeable Structures

Mass customization strategies could be usefully deployed by companies whose products are characterized by a modular design. Typically, each module serves a specific aspect of the overall product function at varying performance levels. Each product variant (constructed through a unique combination of modular performance levels), therefore, serves to customize the overall performance of the product, thus serving the unique needs of each customer. The high demand for each module guarantees economies of scale and, eventually, low cost to customer. The rationale of configuring production processes for producing individual product variants originates from the fact that massive process data is commonly available in a firm and there exists a generic process structure underlying the production of similar products in a family. To design a decision support mechanism that constructs process configuration corresponding to a given product configuration, this paper develops a formal modeling of process variety using Petri nets. Object-oriented Petri nets (PNs) with changeable structures (OPNs-CS) are applied to deal with the issues of generic representation, constraints compliance, and operational sequence requirements. Object-oriented PN (OPN) models facilitate generic representation of product and process variety as well as their instantiations. The OPNs-CS model is tested with simulation. Based on simulation results, the optimal configuration of production processes can be determined for each individual product as well as the cohort of a product family. To illustrate the feasibility and potential of OPNs-CS based process variety modeling, a case study of process configuration for mass customized textile spindles is reported.     

基于公理设计的产品平台设计方法

产品平台设计是实现大规模定制生产的关键技术,以产品平台为核心,通过添加、删除或修改个性化模块满足不同客户需求对产品的要求。应用公理设计的功能独立性分析框架,从客户需求出发同时进行功能－物理结构间的“之字形”映射变换,建立相对独立的功能等级结构树;通过分析完整设计矩阵明确功能之间的影响关系,将存在影响的功能结构组成模块并根据功能结构和客户需求的实现关系确定产品功能平台;在保证功能独立的前提下,以设计参数的物理集成和分离原则为依据,建立通用的产品平台物理结构。以合作企业的蝶阀产品为实例,建立其通用的产品平台,实现快速响应市场的设计开发。     

基于产品平台的大批量定制设计进程研究

为规划大批量定制设计进程,通过将产品平台定义为平台参数、定制参数和模块,提出了由产品族规划与产品族建模构成的产品平台规划进程,并根据客户需求变化类型及客户化程度的不同,对定制设计作了横向、纵向和综合的层次性分类,并据此进一步提出了基于产品平台的纵向定制设计进程.该设计进程在浙江省某摩托车制动器厂的信息化实践中得到了有效应用.     

一种面向产品族设计的二级优化方法

应用模块化和产品平台的思想是企业设计和开发产品族(系列)的重要策略。本文提出一种可用于产品族设计的二级优化方法。该优化方法将产品族设计优化分为二个层次:产品平台优化层次和专用模块的优化层次。为了提高这种优化方法的可靠性和减少计算量,在二级优化基本框架基础上引入了代理模型技术。将二级优化方法应用于桁架族优化设计算例,计算结果表明:基于代理模型的二级优化方法能成功地解决桁架族优化设计问题,具有很好的可靠性,而且能有效地减少产品族优化设计中计算量。     

面向大规模定制的产品需求建模方法研究

产品需求建模是面向大规模定制设计的关键和基础，提出了一种面向大规模定制的产品需求建模方法，论述了基于现有产品进化的产品需求建模方法和步骤。通过映射现有产品的历史数据，利用领域专家的知识建立产品需求模板，通过对以往产品设计的变异来实现产品需求分析，指出利用质量功能配置方法转化产品需求进行产品族定义的方法。     

基于产品族的参数化建模技术研究

为达到快速响应市场需求和客户的特殊要求,实现产品快速设计,提出了在产品族基础上的参数化建模方法,利用典型产品模板作为主模型,组建企业产品族,并利用零件族实现产品配置形成新的产品,利用这些技术使企业实现设计知识重用达到快速产品开发的目的,并以最快、最好的服务满足客户需求。     

面向产品生命周期的产品模块化分解方法研究

目前产品模块化的方法大多是根据功能来划分的,其算法复杂,也难以满足面向生命周期的产品开发的需求.通过分析生命周期各因素对产品零部件交互的影响,提出了一种面向生命周期的产品模块化分解方法.应用功能流图对产品进行定性模块化,以这些模块为基础建立了面向生命周期的产品部件交互矩阵,再对模块进行定量优化.给出的实例,验证了该方法的有效性和合理性.     

UGNX8.0在产品设计中的应用

文中介绍与分析了UGNX8.0在产品设计中的常用模块及应用、优势与特点,并利用UGNX8.0的建模模块,对手机后盖进行产品造型设计.探究利用UGNX8.0进行产品设计的流程,为缩短新产品的设计周期、提高产品设计质量提供一条新思路、新途径.     

基于特征语言的产品族结构描述方法研究

针对大规模定制模式下的产品设计提出了一种基于特征语言的产品族构建方法.说明了面向产品数据的产品族结构和面向造型的产品族结构,以及二者之间的关系,为产品族结构中的约束关系和几何造型方法设计了特征语言描述机制,并给出了配置产品实例的方法,最后以仪器柜的产品族设计为例实现了系统原型.     

A case study on the object-oriented framework for modeling product families with the dominant variation of the topology in the one-of-a-kind production

Traditional configuration-based product family modeling techniques do not yield favorable solutions for modeling the product families with the dominant product topology variations. This paper presents the case study for the modeling of variations of the product configuration, parameters, and topologies in mass production of custom windows and doors in a one-of-a-kind production (OKP) company. The case study is based on the object-oriented product family modeling framework we developed for OKP which is characterized by the dominant product variation by topology. The problem of variation in topology in our framework is solved by the manual model transformation in the computer-aided design module which creates a new metamodel of products with the desired topology and which is the basis for a further, automatic model transformation. Usage of our framework has a positive effect on the level of the product customizations and shortening of the leading time which helps OKP companies in obtaining a better position at the market. Our software solution for the designing and manufacturing of custom windows and doors based on our framework is implemented in more than 300 mostly small- and medium-sized enterprises. It proves our concept which can be used for the realization of the information systems for computer-aided one-of-a-kind production in the companies with a different production plan.     

模糊AHP方法在产品绿色模块化设计中的应用

绿色设计和绿色制造是制造业实施可持续发展的关键技术。在绿色产品设计开发过程中采用模块化技术,易于增加产品的材料相容性、可维护性、可拆卸及可回收性等。总结了模块化方法在产品绿色设计中的应用特点,考虑环境问题应引起的模块,产品实施模块化中应注意考虑的环境目标等;提出了一种应用于离散型机电产品多目标模块化分析的初步框架,对利用模糊图论和ＡＨＰ方法解决机电产品绿色设计决策的多目标、多特征和不确定性做了重点     

基于扩展域结构模板的产品配置建模

为有效支持大批量定制的产品配置,提出了基于扩展域结构模板的配置建模方法.该方法首先在域结构模板中引入产品制造过程信息,得到包含产品功能、载体和制造过程信息的扩展域结构模板.在此基础上,通过拓展其载体和制造过程节点,并采用有向图提取和表达上述元素间的关系,生成了包含产品族载体和制造过程信息的配置模型.所得模型在支持企业配置出个性化设计方案的同时,保证了配置方案具有制造成本低和制造周期短的特性.最后,以转子式蜂鸣器为例,初步验证了配置建模的方法.     

基于相关矩阵的产品配置模型和算法实现

大规模定制生产是用大规模生产的高效率和低成本来生产能满足不同用户个性化需求的生产模式 ,配置设计是大规模定制生产的重要关键技术之一。在分析产品配置模型特点的基础上 ,提出了基于相关矩阵表达模块之间配置关系的思想 ,并对配置规则的表达、相关矩阵的构建进行了研究 ,建立了基于相关矩阵的产品配置模型与确定模块选配关系的相关矩阵的搜索算法。最终 ,以定时器产品的配置设计为例 ,对以上理论进行了实践     

产品形态设计与分析——以手动五金工具设计为例

以手动五金工具设计研发为例,阐述了其市场现状、功能结构设计、产品设计的成型技术实施、材料的运用等多项技术要点,以求在产品的创新感性中能够把握设计要求,做出更合理,更易于批量化生产的商业产品。     

造型驱动的产品设计方法研究

造型并非只是产品外观的美化，而是涉及产品内部构造、布局，整体结构形态和外表色彩、肌理及装饰等一系列环节，是产品物质功能和精神功能的结合点。笔者研究了造型驱动的产品设计方法及模型，提出了在保证产品功能需求的前提下，用造型来协调产品内部机构和外部形象，使物化的技术设计与人化的工业设计有机地统一于产品设计中，使产品物质功能融于产品整体造型形象美中的产品设计思想，促进了产品设计观念的更新，有利于产品的创新设计。