Important prognostic factors in patients with skull base erosion from nasopharyngeal carcinoma after radiotherapy

PURPOSE: To evaluate the long-term outcome and prognostic factors in patients with skull base erosion from nasopharyngeal carcinoma after initial radiotherapy (RT). METHODS AND MATERIALS: From January 1985 to December 1986, 100 patients (71 males, 29 females) with a diagnosis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma were found on computed tomography (CT) to have skull base erosion. The mean age was 41 years (range 16-66). Ninety-six patients had World Health Organization type III undifferentiated carcinoma, and 4 had type I. The metastatic workup, including chest radiography, liver ultrasound scanning, and liver function test was negative. All patients underwent external beam RT (EBRT) alone to 66-80 Gy during 6-8 weeks. A daily fraction size of 2 Gy was delivered using 60Co or a linear accelerator. No patient received chemotherapy. All patients were followed at regular intervals after irradiation. The median follow-up was 22.3 months (range 2-174). Survival of the cohort was computed by the Kaplan-Meier method. The potential prognostic factors of survival were examined. Multivariate analyses were performed using the Cox regression model. RESULTS: The 1, 2, 5, and 10-year overall survival rate for the cohort was 79%, 41%, 27%, and 13%, respectively. However, the subgroup of patients with both anterior cranial nerve (I-VIII) and posterior cranial nerve (IX-XII) involvement had a 5-year survival of only 7.7%. A difference in the time course of local recurrence and distant metastasis was observed. Both local recurrence and distant metastasis often occurred within the first 2 years after RT. However, local relapse continued to occur after 5 years. In contrast, no additional distant metastases were found after 5 years. The causes of death included local recurrence (n = 59), distant metastasis (n = 21), both local recurrence and distant metastasis (n = 1), and unrelated causes (n = 5). After multivariate analysis, complete recovery of cranial nerve involvement, cranial nerve palsy, and headache after irradiation were found to be independent prognostic factors in this cohort. CONCLUSIONS: We present one of the longest follow-ups of patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma invading the skull base. Our results demonstrate the importance of cranial nerve involvement, recovery of headache, and cranial nerve palsy. These factors should be carefully evaluated from the history, physical examination, and imaging studies. A subgroup of patients with skull base involvement had long-term survival after RT alone. The findings of this study are important as a yardstick against which more aggressive strategies, such as combined radiochemotherapy and altered fractionation RT can be compared.     

Treatment of locally advanced adenoid cystic carcinoma of the head and neck with neutron radiotherapy

PURPOSE: To examine the efficacy of fast neutron radiotherapy for the treatment of locally advanced and/or recurrent adenoid cystic carcinoma of the head and neck and to identify prognostic variables associated with local-regional control and survival. METHODS AND MATERIALS: One hundred fifty-nine patients with nonmetastatic, previously unirradiated, locally advanced, and/or recurrent adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) of the head and neck region were treated with fast neutron radiotherapy during the years 1985-1997. One hundred fifty-one patients had either unresectable disease, or gross residual disease (GRD) after an attempted surgical extirpation. Eight patients had microscopic residual disease and were analyzed separately. Sixty-two percent of patients had tumors arising in minor salivary glands, 29% in major salivary glands, and 9% in other sites such as the lacrimal glands, tracheal-bronchial tree, etc. Fifty-five percent of patients were treated for postsurgical recurrent disease and 13% of patients had lymph node involvement at the time of treatment. The median duration of follow-up was 32 months (range 3-142 months). Actuarial curves for survival, cause-specific survival, local-regional control, and the development of distant metastases are presented for times out to 11 years. RESULTS: The 5-year actuarial local-regional tumor control rate for the 151 patients with GRD was 57%; the 5-year actuarial overall survival rate was 72%; and the 5-year actuarial cause-specific survival rate was 77%. Variables associated with decreased local-regional control in the patients with GRD as determined by multivariate analysis included base of skull involvement (p < 0.01) and biopsy only versus an attempted surgical resection prior to treatment (p = 0.03). Patients without these negative factors had an actuarial local-regional control rate of 80% at 5 years. Patients with microscopic residual disease (n = 8) had a 5-year actuarial local-regional control rate of 100%. Base of skull involvement (p < 0.001), lymph node metastases at the time of treatment (p < 0.01), biopsy only prior to neutron radiotherapy (p = 0.03), and recurrent tumors (p = 0.04) were found to be associated with a diminished cause-specific survival as ascertained by multivariate analysis. Patients with base of skull involvement and positive lymph nodes at presentation had an increased rate of the development of distant metastases at 5 years, (p < 0.01 and p < 0.001, respectively). No statistical difference in outcome was observed between major and minor salivary gland sites. CONCLUSIONS: Fast neutron radiotherapy is an effective treatment for locally advanced ACC of the head and neck region with acceptable toxicity. Further improvements in local-regional control are not likely to impact survival until more effective systemic agents are developed to prevent and/or treat distant metastatic disease.     

Result of radiation therapy of carcinoma of the nasopharynx: an analysis of the patterns of relapse

From 1965 through 1985, 85 patients with carcinoma of the nasopharynx were irradiated with curative intent at the Department of Radiation Therapy, Aichi Cancer Center Hospital. The observed 5-year survival rate was found to be 34%. Local recurrence was observed in 15 cases, regional lymph node recurrence in 10 cases, local and regional lymph node recurrence in 2 cases and distant metastases in 24 cases. Most manifestations of recurrence appeared within 2 years after treatment. Local recurrence was often observed in the base of skull in patients in advanced stages of their disease (T 3-4). The likelihood of a distant metastasis was stronger in patients with a bilateral neck nodes metastases and/or a lower neck metastases.     

Results in treatment of carcinoma of the external auditory canal and middle ear

Of 31 patients treated for carcinoma of the external auditory canal and/or middle ear, 19 patients (61%) presented with a long-term history of otitis. Thirteen patients (42%) had cranial nerve involvement. The patients were treated by surgery, radiotherapy, or a combined treatment of surgery and radiotherapy. The overall 5-year crude survival rate was 29%. Irrespective of the final outcome, 19 patients (61%) obtained pain relief after initial treatment. Three of the patients with facial nerve involvement survived 5 years after the initial treatment. Postmortem examinations of ten patients revealed distant metastases in four patients.     

鼻咽癌DNA含量与临床某些特征的研究

 目的　分析鼻咽癌病人DNA含量与临床某些特征的关系。方法　对 89例病理诊断为鼻咽癌肿瘤标本 ,用图像仪进行检测。结果　鼻咽癌异倍体病人为 2 5人 ,占 2 8% (2 5 /89) ;二倍体病人为 6 4人 ,占 72 % (6 4 /89)。肿瘤细胞DNA含量与病人的病期、淋巴结转移、颅底骨和颅神经是否受累无关 ;但与颅底骨和颅神经同时受累有关 ,与生存率也有关。颅底骨、颅神经同时受累其异倍体率较单一颅底骨或颅神经受累者高 ,分别为 4 2 %和 16 % (P =0 .0 2 3) ,5年存活病人异倍体率较 2年存活病人低 ,分别为12 %和 2 8% (P =0 .0 2 9)。结论　异倍体鼻咽癌侵犯性强 ,长期生存率低     

Cranial nerve involvement and base of the skull erosion in nasopharyngeal carcinoma

In a prospective study of 262 consecutive patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), using computed tomography (CT) as their baseline evaluation, erosion of the base of the skull and intracranial extension into the middle cranial fossa were found in 31.3% and 12.2% of patients, respectively. Thirty-four of these patients had cranial nerve involvement at presentation; 30 of them had involvement of one or more of the third to sixth cranial nerves. Most cases of intracranial extension of tumor were accompanied by erosion of the base of the skull, but the reverse was not true. All patients with cranial nerve palsy involving the third to sixth cranial nerves had associated erosion of the ipsilateral base of the skull. The CT evaluation of patients with cranial nerve involvement who are believed to harbor NPC should include thin cuts of the base of the skull for detection of subtle bone erosion. This may be the only clue to the presence of a small NPC. The prognostic significance of cranial nerve involvement, base of the skull erosion, and intracranial extension of the tumor on the survival of the group of 84 patients who had T4 tumors was evaluated with regression analysis using the Cox model. Only cranial nerve involvement was found to be a significant factor influencing survival.     

Outcomes and prognostic variables in adenoid cystic carcinoma of the head and neck: a recent experience

PURPOSE: To analyze the recent experience of patients with adenoid cystic carcinoma treated with radiation therapy at Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center. METHODS AND MATERIALS: From 1990 to 2004, a total of 59 patients with a diagnosis of primary adenoid cystic carcinoma of the head and neck received radiation therapy at our institution. The subsite distribution was oral cavity, 28% (n = 17); paranasal sinuses, 22% (n = 13); parotid, 14% (n = 8); submandibular, 14% (n = 8); oropharynx, 10% (n = 6); sublingual, 3% (n = 2); nasopharynx, 3% (n = 2); and other, 5% (n = 3). T Stage distribution was T1, 34% (n = 20); T2, 19% (n = 11); T3, 14% (n = 8); and T4, 34% (n = 20). Twenty-nine percent of patients (n = 17) were treated with intensity-modulated radiation therapy; 25% (n =15), with three-dimensional conformal therapy, and the remainder, with conventional techniques. Ninety percent (n = 53) of patients received treatment including the base of skull. RESULTS: Median follow-up for surviving patients was 5.9 years. Five-year and 10-year rates of local control and distant metastases-free survival were 91%/81% and 81%/49%, respectively. Five-year and 10-year rates of disease-free and overall survival were 76%/40% and 87%/65%, respectively. On univariate analysis, stage T4 (p = 0.004) and gross/clinical nerve involvement (p = 0.002) were associated with decreased progression free survival, whereas stage T4 and lymph node involvement were associated with decreased overall survival (p = 0.046 and p < 0.001, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Radiation therapy in combination with surgery produces excellent rates of local control, although distant metastases account for a high proportion of failures. Routine treatment to the base of skull reduces the significance of histologic perineural invasion, but major nerve involvement remains an adverse prognostic factor.     

Stereotactic radiotherapy using Novalis for skull base metastases developing with cranial nerve symptoms

Skull base metastases are challenging situations because they often involve critical structures such as cranial nerves. We evaluated the role of stereotactic radiotherapy (SRT) which can give high doses to the tumors sparing normal structures. We treated 11 cases of skull base metastases from other visceral carcinomas. They had neurological symptoms due to cranial nerve involvement including optic nerve (3 patients), oculomotor (3), trigeminal (6), abducens (1), facial (4), acoustic (1), and lower cranial nerves (1). The interval between the onset of cranial nerve symptoms and Novalis SRT was 1 week to 7 months. Eleven tumors of 8–112 ml in volume were treated by Novalis SRT with 30–50 Gy in 10–14 fractions. The tumors were covered by 90–95% isodose. Imaging and clinical follow-up has been obtained in all 11 patients for 5–36 months after SRT. Seven patients among 11 died from primary carcinoma or other visceral metastases 9–36 months after Novalis SRT. All 11 metastatic tumors were locally controlled until the end of the follow-up time or patient death, though retreatment for re-growth was done in 1 patient. In 10 of 11 patients, cranial nerve deficits were improved completely or partially. In some patients, the cranial nerve symptoms were relieved even during the period of fractionated SRT. Novalis SRT is thought to be safe and effective treatment for skull base metastases with involvement of cranial nerves and it may improve cranial nerve symptoms quickly.     

Cranial nerve palsies in metastatic breast cancer due to osseous metastasis without intracranial involvement

Between August 1972 and March 1981, ten patients with metastatic breast cancer presented to M.D. Anderson Hospital and Tumor Institute at Houston Medical Breast Clinic with cranial nerve palsies (incidence, 0.13%). Eight of ten patients had extensive metastases at the base of the skull that was causing cranial nerve compression. Two patients had no bone involvement and were suspected to have soft tissue disease, one retro-orbitally and the other at the base of the skull. None of the patients had evidence of intracranial disease. The most frequently affected cranial nerves were V and VII, with 70% and 60% of patients having palsies of these nerves respectively. The estimated median survival of the patients from time of onset of cranial nerve palsy was 20 months; the palsies improved in 50% of patients who received regional therapy.     

鼻咽癌超腔、颅底骨破坏和颅神经损害者放疗疗效分析

目的:分析鼻咽癌超腔、颅底骨破坏和颅神经损害而无颈淋巴结转移的患者放疗效果.方法:1980年9月～1988年9月收治的鼻咽癌原发灶超腔、颅底骨破坏和颅神经损害的患者205例.鼻咽病灶全部用~(60)Co放射,有38例单用耳前野放射,其余以耳前野为主,眶下野、鼻前野为辅野.有颅底骨破坏、前组颅神经损害者加照颅底野,有后组颅神经损害者加照患侧耳后野,肿瘤量60～80GY/W.颈部预防照射~(60)Co切线野40GY加深部X线20GY.结果:总的5年生存率为47.3%,原发灶超腔者、颅底骨破坏者、颅神经损害者和侵犯两项以上者的5年生存率分别是61.7%、72.7%、37.1%和30.2%.鼻咽剂量60Gy、70Gy、80Gy的5年生存率各是32.0%、53.8%、38.0%,P<0.05.体重增加者5年生存率为62.7%;下降者为32.2%.结论:以伴颅底骨质破坏和原发性超腔的鼻咽癌患者放疗效果较好.放射剂量以DT70Gy/7周为宜,营养支持使体重增加有助于提高疗效.     

Cylindroma of the nasopharynx: a chronic disease

From March 1958 to October 1984, 10 patients with cylindroma (cystic adenoid epithelioma) arising in the nasopharynx were treated in our hospital. The presenting symptoms of these patients ranged in duration for 2 weeks to 8 years, with an average of 25 months. Eighty percent of the patients had destruction of the base of skull and 60% had cranial nerve involvement. Of these 10 patients, two had Stage II disease, two had Stage III, and six had Stage IV. Response was seen in this tumor at tissue doses between 5000-8000 rad. Of the seven patients at risk for 5 years, 86% survived, yet 36% of the patients died of tumor between the fifth to tenth year. Fifty percent of the patients lived beyond 10 years. Based on this experience, a dose of more than 8000 rad is advised for the primary lesion. For the neck region, radiation is indicated only when there are lymph node metastases; prophylactic radiation of the neck is not necessary. Local recurrence or single distant metastasis is amenable to radiation therapy. Among the six patients who failed in the course of follow-up, three had local recurrences, two had pulmonary metastases, and one died of cerebral vascular accident.     

Cranial nerve palsy in multiple myeloma and solitary plasmacytoma

Cranial nerve involvement in multiple myeloma and solitary plasmacytoma is rare. We report on two patients who developed cranial nerve palsy due to skull base plasmacytoma. Patient 1, a 55-year old man with multiple myeloma, developed right sixth cranial nerve palsy during a phase of chemotherapy. He had an intracranial plasmacytoma in the clival region and was treated with 30 Gy whole brain radiotherapy. Patient 2, a 40-year old man, presented with right third cranial nerve palsy and was detected to have a solitary skull base plasmacytoma. He was treated with radiotherapy followed by thalidomide plus dexamethasone.     

MRI诊断颅神经侵犯在鼻咽癌分期中意义

目的 探讨MRI发现的颅神经侵犯在鼻咽癌分期中意义。
方法 回顾分析2005-2007年间基于MRI诊断的816例初诊鼻咽癌患者资料。T₄期颅神经组定义为MRI上伴有颅神经侵犯但体检无颅神经麻痹且无其他T₄期解剖结构侵犯者,余T₄期患者定义为T₄期其他组。临床分期中Ⅳ_a期颅神经组定义为T₄期颅神经组N_0~2期,余Ⅳ_a期患者定义为Ⅳ_a期其他组。比较T分期、临床分期各亚组疗后生存情况。Kaplan-Meier法计算生存率并用Logrank法检验。
结果 随访率为94.1%。鼻咽癌颅神经侵犯率为38.5%。T分期中T₂、T₃、T₄期颅神经组的无局部复发生存、无远处转移生存以及疾病相关生存曲线重合,但与T₄期其他组能拉开。临床分期中Ⅳ_a期颅神经组5年疾病相关生存率与Ⅲ期的相似(χ²=0.18,P=0.674),而与Ⅱ、Ⅳ_a期其他组不同(χ²=5.86、7.23,P=0.015、0.007)。
结论 MRI诊断颅神经侵犯的T₄期、Ⅳ_a期患者,若无合并其他T₄期解剖结构受累则无局部复发、无远处转移生存率与T₂、T₃期相似,疾病相关生存率与Ⅲ期相似,预后较T₄期其他组及Ⅳ_a期其他组好;若将这部分患者归为T₄期、Ⅳ_a期将导致患者接受适合于Ⅳ期病例的治疗方案从而引起过度治疗的可能。     

前颅底肿瘤的术式选择及颅底重建

目的:探讨前颅底肿瘤的手术方式及术后颅底缺损重建技术。方法:对25例前颅底肿瘤患者根据原发肿瘤的生长部位和颅内外受累的情况,分别采用冠状切口经额颅内入路手术、鼻侧切开或扩大鼻侧切开术或颅面联合手术,采用带蒂骨膜瓣或帽状腱膜骨膜瓣重建颅底缺损。结果:肿瘤全切除23例,近全切除1例,部分切除1例,术后全部病例临床症状改善,无手术死亡、脑脊液漏、颅内感染及其他严重并发症。随访1年至13年,存活1年以上者22例,3年以上者12例,5年以上者9例,10年以上者3例。5、10年生存率分别为56.25%(9/16)、37.5%(3/8)。结论:术式选择取决于原发肿瘤的生长部位和颅内外受累的情况;颅面联合手术是一种安全、有效的手术方式;带蒂帽状腱膜骨膜瓣可用于较大颅底缺损的重建,具有安全、取材方便、效果好等优点,值得推广。     

Survival and failure analysis in stage II endometrial cancer using the revised 1988 FIGO staging system

Fifty-one patients with Stage II endometrial carcinoma diagnosed between 1974 and 1987 were restaged according to the FIGO 1988 revisions for endometrial carcinoma. Patients were divided into Stage IIA, those patients with cervical glandular involvement without stromal invasion, and Stage IIB, those patients having stromal invasion of the cervix. Tumor grade was also assessed. Patients were treated with radiation therapy alone, pre-operative radiation therapy followed by a simple hysterectomy, or a simple hysterectomy followed by postoperative radiation therapy. The 5-year actuarial survival for Stage IIA was 86% and the 5-year actuarial survival for Stage IIB was 46% (p = 0.06). The 5-year local recurrence rate in each group was 9%. Stage IIA had a distant metastases rate of 14% whereas 44% of the patients in Stage IIB developed distant disease (p = 0.06) at 5 years. The grade of the tumor did not play a role in local recurrence. However, when tumor grade was analyzed with respect to distant disease, 14% of patients with grade 1 tumors developed distant metastases, 31% of patients with grade 2 tumors developed distant metastases, and most significantly, 63% of patients with grade 3 tumors developed distant metastases (p = 0.004). There was no statistically significant relationship between stromal invasion and tumor grade. This study concludes that grade is the greatest predictor of survival, with only 37% of grade 3 patients surviving at 5 years. As a predictor of survival, stromal invasion is of less significance than grade (p = 0.06 vs. p = 0.004). Death most often occurs because of distant metastases, and local failure is rare and is not dependent on the degree of cervical involvement or grade.     

Frequency, sites of relapse, and outcome of regional node failures following conservative surgery and radiation for early breast cancer

Between 1970 and 1986, 990 patients underwent excisional biopsy and radiation for clinical Stage I or II breast cancer. A limited axillary dissection (levels I and II) was performed in 914 of these patients. The median follow-up was 40 months from the initiation of radiation. Thirty-one patients developed a regional node failure as their first site of recurrence either with (12 patients) or without (19 patients) simultaneous distant metastases. The median interval to recurrence was 27 months (range 4-59). The 5-year actuarial rate for an isolated regional node recurrence (without simultaneous distant metastases) was 3%. The most common site for a regional node failure was the axilla (17 patients) followed by the supraclavicular nodes (13 patients). Salvage therapy was effective for an axillary +/- breast failure with 10/14 patients alive with no evidence of disease. Prognosis was related to the site of recurrence as well as the presence or absence of distant metastases. The 5-year actuarial survival from initial treatment for all patients with a regional node failure was 63% with a 3-year actuarial survival of 57% from diagnosis of recurrence. Regional node failure was related to the number of axillary nodes removed at the time of dissection and patient age.     

612例鼻咽癌放射治疗预后因素分析

 目的 1973年1月至1987年12月我院共放射治疗鼻咽癌612例,本文对其结果 及影响预后的因素予以分析。全组总的5年生存率42．2％。性别、年龄对预后无明显影响,病期、原发肿瘤超胜,预淋巴结转移、颅神经受损和照射剂量是主要的预后因素。随着病期变晚,5年生存率逐渐下降,Ⅰ、Ⅱ期的5年生存率明显高于Ⅲ、Ⅳ期（P＜0．01）。肿瘤局限于鼻咽腔者的预后明显好于超腔者（P＜0．01）。前后组颅神经同时受累预后最差。预淋巴结转移的大小、单双侧、部位、活动或固定对预后有不同的影响。放疗剂量应以65－75Gy／6．5－7．5周为宜。本组资料证明,鼻咽癌放疗失败的主要原因是远处转移与局部复发。     

Postoperative irradiation of minor salivary gland malignancies of the head and neck.

OBJECTIVES: (1) To review the Stanford experience with postoperative radiotherapy for minor salivary gland carcinomas of the head and neck. (2) To identify patterns of failure and prognostic factors for these tumors. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fifty-four patients with localized tumors were treated with curative intent at Stanford University between 1966 and 1995. The 1992 AJCC staging for squamous cell carcinomas was used to retrospectively stage these patients. Thirteen percent had stage I, 22% stage II, 26% stage III, and 39% stage IV neoplasms. Thirty-two patients (59%) had adenoid cystic carcinoma, 15 (28%) had adenocarcinoma, and seven (13%) had mucoepidermoid carcinoma. Thirty (55%) had positive surgical margins and seven (13%) had cervical lymph node involvement at diagnosis. The median follow-up for alive patients was 7.8 years (range: 25 months-28.9 years). RESULTS: The 5- and 10-year actuarial local control rates were 91 and 88%, respectively. Advanced T-stage (T3-4), involved surgical margins, adenocarcinoma histology, and sinonasal and oropharyngeal primaries were associated with poorer local control. The 5- and 10-year actuarial freedom from distant metastasis were 86 and 81%, respectively. Advanced T-stage (T3-4), lymph node involvement at diagnosis, adenoid cystic and high-grade mucoepidermoid histology were associated with a higher risk of distant metastases. The 10-year cause-specific survival (CSS) and overall survival (OS) were 81 % and 63%, respectively. On multivariate analysis, prognostic factors affecting survival were T-stage (favoring T1-2), and N-stage (favoring NO). When T- and N-stage were combined to form the AJCC stage, the latter became the most significant factor for survival. The 10-year OS was 86% for stage I-II vs. 52% for stage III-IV tumors. Late treatment-related toxicity was low (3/54); most complications were mild and no cranial nerve damage was noted. CONCLUSIONS: Surgical resection and carefully planned post-operative radiation therapy for minor salivary gland tumors is well tolerated and effective with high local control rates. AJCC stage was the most significant predictor for survival and should be used for staging minor salivary gland carcinomas.     

Follicular carcinoma of the thyroid gland: prognostic factors, treatment, and survival

Prognostic variables and treatment outcomes of 82 patients treated at the Northern Israel Oncology Center were reviewed. There were 59 women and 23 men in this series. The female/male ratio was 2.6/1. Median age was 46 years. Median follow-up was 11.4 (range: 3.8-24 years). Median tumor size was 3.6 cm. When first seen, 4 patients had lymph node involvement and 11 (13%) had distant metastases. Surgical treatment was total thyroidectomy in 37 patients (45%), subtotal thyroidectomy in 38 (46%), and lesser procedures in 7 (9%). Sixty-six patients (80%) were treated after surgery with 131I to ablate thyroid remnants. Doses ranged between 30 and 80 mCi. The 20-year overall actuarial survival rate was 65%. The actuarial survival rate of patients <40 years of age was 96% versus 33% in patients >50 years of age (p = 0.0008). Patients with distant metastases at presentation had inferior survival compared with patients without metastases. In conclusion, we found subtotal thyroidectomy followed by 131I and hormone therapy to provide survival similar to that with total thyroidectomy, with less morbidity. Risk factors include: age > or =40 at the time of diagnosis, presence of distant metastases, capsular invasion, tumor size > or =2 cm, and male gender.     

鼻咽癌常规放射治疗后颅底推量的临床价值评估

[目的]探讨颅底受累鼻咽癌常规放疗后颅底推量的临床价值。[方法]2000年1月至2001年12月经病理学确诊、影像学证实有颅底骨质破坏、常规放疗剂量为68～72Gy的初治鼻咽癌患者共497例,其中,120例于放疗结束时即予双侧颅底野推量6～12Gy（推量组）,377例无颅底推量（无推量组）。局控率、总生存率及神经系统放射性并发症发生率为主要评价指标。[结果]中位随访时间60.7个月（5.1～109.5个月）。两组5年鼻咽控制率、颅底颅内控制率、总生存率和无颅神经损伤发生率比较均无显著性差异,但推量组的5年无颞叶坏死发生率明显低于无推量组（71.4%vs91.1%,P〈0.001）。以蝶窦、海绵窦、筛窦侵犯和T3、T4期作为5个亚组进行分析,结果显示颅底推量均不能提高各亚组的颅底颅内控制率和总生存率。[结论]常规放疗后采用颅底野对颅底受累的鼻咽癌患者推量的方法未能获得局控率和总生存率的改善,但可使放射性颞叶坏死发生率明显增加。