Spoil dump design and rehabilitation management practices (Australia )

Abstract

The environmental impact of mining and evolving environmental legislation has been receiving increased attention worldwide in the last two decades ( Bradfield, Shultz & Stone 1996). The potential impacts associated wim unstable spoil dumps from mine operations is the focus of concern both by the mining industry, environmental legislative agencies and members of the public. Engineered slopes of mine spoils may be stable at the end of construction, but they can deteriorate over time. There is thus the need to increase the base of knowledge on the existing practices of spoil dump design and rehabilitation. Information concluded from the analysis of the industrial survey carried out on Australian spoil dump management practices are presented in this paper.     

Comparison of tripper-spreader combinations

ABSTRACT

In future, the volume of overburden to be dumped will further increase as mining operations have to go down to greater and greater depths in order to expose the mineral deposits to be extracted in open pit mining.

For this reason, the selection of the correct spreading system is becoming increasingly important. Thus, an optimal tripper-spreader combination has to be selected with regard to the actual dumping procedure and the geometry of the dump crosssection.

In order to guarantee economical mining of mineral deposits, despite the increasing costs of overburden removal, the machine system selected must also be examined with regard to its costs, operational safety and availability.

Because of the complexity of the subject matter and the limited size of this paper, this is a contribution only to give a brief overview of the machines more commonly combined as systems and to present their most significant features in terms of type, method of operation, mass and cost effectiveness.     

Strength characteristics and stability analysis of GGBS stabilised fly ash-overburden dump

ABSTRACT

Stability of OB dump slope has been a major concern and require a proper design for safe mining operation. Utilisation of fly ash with OB material for construction of mine haul road and external dumping, may provide an alternative mode of fly ash disposal. In this study, fly ash was mixed with OB material at different percentages to evaluate the compaction characteristics, California Bearing Ratio (CBR), Unconfined Compressive Strength (UCS) and shear strength parameter. Tests were also performed with the addition of a different percentage of Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag (GGBS) with fly ash-OB mix. Further, the effects of GGBS at various curing period on CBR and UCS characteristics were highlighted. Numerical modelling was carried out for dump containing OB material, fly ash and GGBS at different proportions to evaluate the Factor of Safety (FoS) and to suggest the optimum dump geometry. Experimental result infers that maximum CBR and UCS values were obtained for 78% OB material, 10% fly ash and 12% GGBS at 28 days curing period. Based on the observed FoS from numerical modelling, an optimal multiple regression model and artificial neural network model have been suggested for the direct prediction of FoS by various input parameters.     

矿用电动轮汽车运行效率及维修成本数学模型

根据某大型露天铜矿254T 630E矿用电动轮汽车1991-2005年运行、维修成本数据，建立了电动轮使用寿命周期运行效率、维修成本数学模型. 通过数理统计回归分析等，找出运行、维修成本、大修、更新规律，科学预测了电动轮汽车最佳经济寿命为11 a；提出了电动轮汽车停机损失较大，应引起矿山企业的高度重视；确定了电动轮汽车第1次大修周期为3.82 a；根据大修理经济性原则，评判是否要进行第3次大修.      

煤矸石山的危害及绿化技术的研究与探讨

煤矸石是煤炭开采过程中的必然产物,堆积成山的煤矸石山是矿区的主要污染源之一,对矿区和周围区域的生态环境造成较大的破坏。矸石山绿化是减少矸石山污染,改善矿区生态环境的有效途径。概述了矸石山的危害,分析了矸石山的绿化技术,并对矸石山绿化技术进行了探讨和展望,以期为矸石山的绿化改造和生态重建提供帮助。     

矿用自卸车电传动系统组合试验技术研究

目前矿用自卸车电传动系统组合试验暂无标准可依,试验方法及试验项目仅由主机厂或者生产商提出,导致无法确认电传动系统组合试验是否充分,试验方法是否合理。设计了一种矿用自卸车电传动系统组合试验系统,分析了矿用自卸车电传动系统组合试验应至少进行的项目,并基于该试验系统,对矿用自卸车电传动系统组合试验进行了研究,给出了试验曲线。该研究成果可以为矿用自卸车电传动系统的设计、制造、检验、试验标准的建立提供参考。     

露天矿内排土技术在姑山铁矿的应用

露天开采比地下开采有很多的优越性,但缺点也是非常明显的,那就是在开采矿石的同时,还要剥离大量的岩石。相对于地下开采的废石场,露天开采的排土场占地面积要大得多。姑山铁矿地处长江中下游平原,排土场选址一直是困扰矿山开采的老问题。利用现有的露天采坑,合理调整采剥部位,创造条件实现内部排土,延长了姑山铁矿露天采场的服务年限。     

Release of Contaminants from Uranium Mine Waste – Laboratory and Field Experiments

The K?nigstein Uranium Mine was closed in 1990, ending uranium production in the former GDR. As a result of the mining operation, a dump of about 4 × 10⁶ m³ was left at Schüsselgrund valley near K?nigstein. As part of the reclamation of the mine and the dump, abandoned equipment, radioactive soil, and building wastes will have to be disposed of. The aim of this investigation was to define the characteristics of the abandoned materials and mine wastes in order to identify a suitable remediation approach for these materials. It was important to evaluate their long-term behaviour in order to determine if it would be safe to dispose of the abandoned materials in the Schüsselgrund mine dump before closing and covering it. After in-situ remediation of the dump, groundwater will become the most important pathway for the migration of radioactive and toxic contaminants into the environment. If the disposal of the abandoned materials significantly increases the risk of contaminant potential or release, safer disposal strategies will have to be found. The investigation focused on the potential geochemical interactions, the mineralogical characteristics, and the time scales of fixation/release of contaminants from the wastes. To evaluate chemical interactions of contaminants and dump material, a total of 19 columns and 5 field tests were installed. Experiences from three years of experiments are reported.     

Accumulation of heavy metals by naturally colonising Typha domingensis (Poales: Typhaceae) in waste-rock dump leachate storage ponds in a gold–copper mine in the central tablelands of New South Wales,Australia

Abstract

Naturally colonised populations of Typha domingensis in mine waste-rock dump leachate ponds (northern leachate pond [NLP] and southern leachate pond [SLP] and a nearby reference site (Cadiangullong Creek [CAC] were analysed for accumulation of Cu, Mn, and Zn in the winter of 2010 and early autumn of 2011. Concentrations in sediment, leachate and creek water at NLP, SLP, and CAC were also analysed for Cu, Mn, and Zn. Linear regression of Cu, Mn, and Zn concentrations in the leachate at each site revealed a significant reduction in these metals at NLP only in early autumn as leachate travelled away from the toe of the waste-rock dump and through the naturally colonised populations of T. domingensis. This study indicates that this species is a suitable candidate for the process of phytoimmobilisation of the tested metals.     

空气启动装置在大型矿用自卸车上的应用研究

根据170t矿用自卸车的总体设计思想,设计了空气启动装置,并介绍了该装置的组成、工作原理、部分构件的设计安装及使用方法,这为解决大型的矿用自卸车的启动问题提供了参考。     

地下矿用铰接式自卸汽车的概况及中国市场分析

地下矿用自卸汽车是一种经济、高效的巷道运输车辆,它的应用对简化采矿工艺、提高矿山生产能力起到了极其重要的作用。综述了地下矿用自卸汽车的发展概况和国内市场分析。     

In-Situ Mitigation of Effluents from Acid Waste Rock Dumps Using Reactive Surface Barriers –– a Feasibility Study

The long-term mitigation of pore waters of acid waste rock dumps formed during uranium mining in the former G.D.R. requires new remediation approaches. A study was performed to evaluate the feasibility of reactive surface barriers (RSB) as part of an alternative covering system. One topic of the investigation was to evaluate suitable reactive materials for the mitigation of radionuclides and heavy metals in an acid milieu. PHREEQC geochemical modeling included equilibrium and mixing calculations to evaluate the chemical interactions between dump waters and reactive materials. The engineering feasibility of RSB was evaluated calculating a mass balance considering different dump water hydraulics, layer thickness and pore water concentrations. The main findings are that a RSB of zero-valent iron (Fe⁰) causes long-term mitigation of uranium and zinc. Alkaline hydroxides (Ca(OH)₂, Ba(OH)₂) cause the mitigation of radium-226. The feasibility of PO₄-compounds as a RSB for uranium mitigation was not definitively determined. Laboratory tests are on the potential use of these reactive materials as RSB are planned.     

井下矿用自卸汽车的发展概况和结构特点

井下矿用自卸汽车是一种经济、高效的巷道运输车辆,它的应用对简化采矿工艺、提高矿山生产能力起到了极其重要的作用。本文综述了井下矿用自卸汽车的发展概况和结构特点。     

Influence of Parameters and Sequence of Mining Inclined Deposit by Blocks on the Internal Dump Capacity

The procedures are proposed for determining the parameters and sequence of longitudinal mining inclined deposits by blocks to ensure the rational regime of stripping and dump operations. It is shown that optimization of mining-geometrical parameters of working and dump zones in quarry can increase the internal dump capacity by 10-15%.     

考虑粒径分级的珲春露天矿排土场扩容稳定性分析

排土场在矿山生产中有着不可或缺的作用,排土场的库容大小直接影响着矿山生产的效率。以珲春露天矿超高排土场为工程背景,考虑排土场的粒径分级,建立3层台阶分层模型,利用极限平衡法(Geo-studio/slope)和有限差分法(FLAC~(3D))对原排土场和扩容后排土场的稳定性进行研究,确定了排土场扩容的可行性,分析了排土场整体边坡和各台阶的稳定性;并以此为依据,提出了以治水为主、拦截为辅的边坡防治措施。     

矿用自卸车自动润滑系统异常状况智能诊断系统

面对复杂的矿用自卸车自动润滑系统,要用人工迅速进行异常状况诊断,得出准确结论是相当困难的。采用模糊理论方法对矿用自卸车自动润滑系统的异常来进行故障诊断,将有益于矿用自卸车自动润滑系统的寿命提高,对提高矿用自卸车的使用寿命、提高生产效率、降低生产成本有很重大的理论意义和广阔的推广价值。     

Influence of geological and technological factors on the internal dump capacity in flat deposits

The authors describe a research into internal dumping in flat deposits under downdip mining and show that the internal dump capacity changes subject to the dump parameters and physico-mechanical properties of overburden in conformity with the found regulations.     

露天矿闭坑环境地质灾害危险性分区研究

基于露天矿闭坑前后地质灾害的分析，总结出我国露天煤矿开采至闭坑前环境地质问题与灾害主要有3个方面：① 露天煤矿开采将形成深大的矿坑及废弃矸石排土场.② 露天采矿形成的矿坑边坡及排土场边坡，由于地质构造、边坡岩体、地表水与地下水作用，采矿工程活动等原因诱发一系列诸如滑坡、塌陷、泥石流、周边地面变形、地裂缝等突发性或缓变性地质灾害.③ 露天矿开采引发生态环境恶化及缓变性的灾害.提出了露天矿闭坑环境地质灾害危险性分区的方法.并根据以上研究以抚顺西露天煤矿闭坑（矿坑）环境地质灾害危险性分区为实例进行了分区，得到了符合实际的结果.     

某大型矿山现状排土场的稳定性分析

随着多年的露天开采，一些排土场达到服务期限停止使用，如何安全的对其进行关闭处置，成为矿山必须要完成的任务。为准确分析某排土场的稳定性，根据现场调查及工程勘察分析了现状排土场稳定性的影响因素，采用geo slope软件对排土场边坡不同工况下的稳定性进行了计算，计算表明该多台阶排土场整体稳定性良好，并针对排土场局部缺陷提出了相应的安全措施，为下一步排土场关闭提供了依据。     

地下自卸汽车主要技术参数选择及设计计算

地下汽车是地下矿山采掘运输的关键设备,应用地下汽车进行较长距离运输已显得越来越重要。它具有动力性能好、通过性强、机动灵活及经济的优势,在国内外得到了广泛的应用。本文对地下自卸汽车设计时主要技术参数的计算和选择进行了分析,对地下汽车的动力传动系统、转向系统、液压系统、制动系统及制动过程进行了详细的研究。为地下自卸汽车的设计提供了理论基础。